Onset and Decline Rates of Marine Heatwaves: Global Trends, Seasonal Forecasts and Marine Management

Changing ocean conditions due to anthropogenic climate change, particularly the increasing severity and frequency of extreme events, are a growing concern for a range of marine sectors. Here we explore the global trends in marine heatwaves (MHWs), specifically onset and decline rates, two metrics which describe how quickly a MHW will emerge or disappear from a location. These rates determine the reaction window—the start of a MHW event to peak MHW temperatures—and the coping window—time from peak temperatures to the end of an event—two important time periods relevant to a marine decision-maker. We show that MHW onset and decline rates are fastest in dynamic ocean regions and that overall, the global trend in onset rate is greater than the global trend in decline rate. We map ocean regions where these rates are changing together with forecast skill from a seasonal dynamical model (ACCESS-S). This analysis highlights areas where the length of the preparation window for impending MHWs is increased by using forecasts, and areas where marine decision-makers should be prepared for rapid responses based on realtime observations as MHWs evolve. In regions such as south Africa and Kerguelen, northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, southwest South Atlantic and off Australian east coast where rapid median onset and decline rates are observed, there is also a positive trend in onset and decline rates i.e., MHWs are developing and declining more rapidly. This will be a concern for many decision-makers operating in these regions.

APPLICATION OF WEIGHTING WINDOWS FOR SPECTRAL DENSITY ESTIMATION

The article discusses the application of some of the most important time windows for spectral density estimation determined by the correlogram method (from correlation function) and the periodogram method (from direct fourier transform).

Personalizing the BioPsychoSocial Approach: “Add-Ons” and “Add-Ins” in Generalist Practice

Generalist practitioners often find interacting with patients deeply satisfying and joyful; they also experience encounters that are challenging and complex. In both cases, they must be aware of the many issues that affect the processes and outcomes of patient care. Although using the BioPsychoSocial approach is an important, time-tested framework for cultivating one's awareness of patients' presenting concerns, recent developments suggest that additional frames of reference may enhance communication and relationships with patients. In this article, we describe several additions to the BioPsychoSocial approach, considerations we call “add-ons” and “add-ins”. We invite generalist practitioners and, indeed, all health care practitioners, to consider how they can improve their ongoing care of patients by personalizing these and other additions in their day-to-day work with patients.

Stosunek biskupa Ignacego Krasickiego do reform polityczno-prawnych w Polsce doby stanisławowskiej

Bishop Ignacy Krasicki’s attitude to the political-legal reforms in Poland of the King Stanisław era Bishop Ignacy Krasicki was one of the best known figures in Poland of the King Stanisław era. He was known primarily as a poet, writer, author of fables. As the Bishop of Warmia, he occupied a very high position in Poland’s political hierarchy at the time — he was a member of the country’s Senate. Yet, he failed to meet the expectations of the people associated with him, primarily King Stanisław August Poniatowski, whose closest associates included Krasicki in the first period of his political career. His involvement after 1772, the most important time in the analysed period with regard to political-legal reforms in Poland, was made difficult by the fact that the Bishopric of Warmia, which he was the head of, found itself outside Poland’s borders, an event not without an impact on Krasicki’s political attitude. Krasicki not being much involved in the turbulent political life in Poland at the time does not mean that Poland’s affairs were not close to his heart. He was first and foremost a poet, not a politician, and that is why he referred to these affairs metaphorically in his literary works. Die Stellung von Bischof Ignacy Krasicki zu den rechtlichen und politischen Reformen in Polen der Poniatowskizeit Der Bischof Ignacy Krasicki war eine der bekanntesten Personen in Polen der Poniatowskizeit, bekannt vor allem als Dichter, Literat und Märchenschreiber. Als Bischof von Ermland und Mitglied des Senats hatte er auch eine sehr hohe Position in der damaligen politischen Hierarchie in Polen. Entgegen den Erwartungen der ihm nahe stehenden Personen, vor allem des Königs Stanislaus II. August Poniatowski, zu dessen engsten Mitarbeitern er in der ersten Phase seiner eigenen politischen Kariere gehörte, erfüllte er die an ihn gesetzten Hoffnungen nicht. Sein Engagement nach 1772, also dem wichtigsten Jahr in der besprochenen Zeit hinsichtlich der rechtlichen und politischen Reformen in Polen, war erschwert. Das Bistum Ermland, das er verwaltete, kam nämlich außerhalb der Grenzen von Polen, was nicht ohne Einfluss auf seine politische Haltung blieb. Das gemäßigte Engagement Krasickis in das rege politische Leben in Polen soll nicht so gedeutet werden, dass dieses Thema ihn nicht berührte. Er war vor allem ein Dichter und kein Politiker, so äußerte er sich zu den polnischen Angelegenheiten per Metaphern in seinen literarischen Werken.

Muography as a new complementary tool in monitoring volcanic hazard: implications for early warning systems

Muography uses muons naturally produced in the interactions between cosmic rays and atmosphere for imaging and characterization of density differences and time-sequential changes in solid (e.g. rocks) and liquid (e.g. melts ± dissolved gases) materials in scales from tens of metres to up to a few kilometres. In addition to being useful in discovering the secrets of the pyramids, ore prospecting and surveillance of nuclear sites, muography successfully images the internal structure of volcanoes. Several field campaigns have demonstrated that muography can image density changes relating to magma ascent and descent, magma flow rate, magma degassing, the shape of the magma body, an empty conduit diameter, hydrothermal activity and major fault lines. In addition, muography is applied for long-term volcano monitoring in a few selected volcanoes around the world. We propose using muography in volcano monitoring in conjunction with other existing techniques for predicting volcanic hazards. This approach can provide an early indication of a possible future eruption and potentially the first estimate of its scale by producing direct evidence of magma ascent through its conduit in real time. Knowing these issues as early as possible buy critically important time for those responsible for the local alarm and evacuation protocols.

Messages in Conflict: Examining Leadership Communication during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the U.S.

One year into the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. had lost over a half million lives to the virus. Organizations had to shift the way they operated, requiring effective communication to help employees transition. This study examines two important time periods during the pandemic: early May, just after stay-at-home orders began to be lifted, and late November, as infection rates soared. This study quantitatively examines the role of perceived severity, organizational trust, reputation, and credibility on participants employed during the pandemic expectations of leadership at the organizational, state, and federal levels. Then, participants were interviewed to understand perceptions of leadership. Results illustrate the relationship between perceived severity of the threat and trust in leadership and uncertainty about mitigation measures from state and federal levels.

Digital competence framework for higher education students: suggesting approach derived from relevant publications to vietnamese institutions

Nowadays, digital competence is recognized as one of eight core key competencies for lifelong learning. University students, in the context of education digital transformation, necessarily possess digital competence to be able to study and work in today's open and global educational environment. To develop digital competencies for students, the most important, time-consuming and labor-intensive first step is to determine the conceptual definition and an appropriate digital competence framework. For countries conducting digital transformation in the later stages like Vietnam, inheriting the achievements of previous countries is the optimal and smart choice. Using theoretical research methods, this article synthesizes the concept and structure of digital competence in higher education context from relevant publications, as a basis to suggest an approach in selecting a digital competence framework that is suitable to develop digital competence for university students in Vietnam.

Disquisición sobre el piloto en la Edad Moderna. Cielo y mar.

En este artículo nos adentramos en la figura del piloto en la Edad Moderna, etapa en donde transcurrió el paso del arte de navegar a la navegación astronómica científica. En donde el piloto fue una figura clave en la gran transformación que sufrió la navegación marítima en ese periodo tan importante de la historia de la ciencia, pasando en su profesión del conocimiento intuitivo, al empírico y finalmente al especulativo. Para ello, se abordan el estamento de procedencia, las competencias técnicas que debía reunir en el ejercicio de la profesión, así como su consideración técnica. Finalmente presentamos como el estamento social al que pertenecía, condicionó su desarrollo social, profesional y técnico. In this article, we examine the figure of the Piloto in the Modern Age, the period in which took place the swap from sailing as a flair to the scientific and astronomical navigation. At such a very important time in the history of science, The Piloto had an essential role in the great transformation suffered by maritime navigation. Navigational knowledge, formerly based on the intuition, moved first to the empiric knowledge and finally to the speculative, what implied a step forward in his career. To this end, in the abstract, it is tackled his initial social status, the technical capabilities he should hold to develop his job, as well as his technical consideration. Eventually, we show how the social condition which he belonged to, determined his social, professional and technical development.

Sustainable life practice for preschool pupils: Sustainable environmental education program (SEEP) model

Global pollution can only handle with education in early childhood. Especially, the pre-school period is an important time for environmental education. It is seen that current pre-school education programs generally include environmental education but it has missing parts. The aim of the study is to add the built environment elements to the environmental education programs that include only natural elements such as trees, animals, etc. The environment is basically divided into two parts as natural and built (man-made structures). There is no environmental education program in the literature that includes these two basic subjects. The built environment includes architectural elements such as buildings, bridges, and infrastructure systems. All people use these systems and should have knowledge about them. The complete Sustainable Environmental Education Model has been created which is including both natural and built environmental elements for preschool pupils in the study. The LEED criteria were taken as a reference while planning the model. The model was applied to 134 (5 years old) pupils who studying pre-school education for eight months. As a result of the model application, the level of awareness of pupils who have never study any environmental education before, according to the beginning of the program, is from 23.37% to 79.81% in sustainable areas, from 23.87% to 85.32% in "efficient water use", from 13.80% to 91.79% in efficient energy use and from 13.78% to 82.98% in the usage of waste materials It was determined that it increased. The designed model can be the solution for global pollution.

Message from ACHSM President - Dr Neale Fong

I trust that you are well and as a leader or manager in the health sector wherever you are, you have taken time to ensure your own health and wellbeing in these extraordinary times. There is no more important time than now to ensure that you have the resilience and reserves to travel through these uncertainties. In the last issue this column focussed on the ACHSM’s Certification Program and the importance of a credential for health leaders and executives. As I noted then, certification in a profession is an employment currency within the health sector that has traditionally excluded the leaders and managers. Through the introduction of these credentials, the College supports members and future members to have their body of knowledge and skills recognised and provides the platform for continuing development. Today let me focus on the importance of lifelong learning and intentionally managing a career that hopefully will span decades, providing you with personal satisfaction and success. Committing to lifelong learning, as we mandate within Certification, is a commitment to your own development, and your own sense of staying curious and active within the profession. A quiet and consistent focus on staying current is at the foundation of confident and competent leadership and ACHSM sees this as being at the heart of our offerings to College members.