scholarly journals Rumen Microbiota of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Adaptation to Extremely Cold Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingshan Fan ◽  
Xiongxiong Cui ◽  
Zhaofeng Wang ◽  
Shenghua Chang ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Serum Biochemical

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by low temperatures and hypoxia, and this feature is more obvious in the winter. However, it is not clear how Tibetan sheep adapt to extreme cold climates. To address this, we used physiological methods combined with next-generation sequencing technology to explore the differences in growth performance, forage nutrient digestion, serum biochemical indexes, and rumen microbial communities of Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) between the summer and winter. In the summer, owing to the high nutritional quality of the forage, the Tibetan sheep showed enhanced forage degradation and fermentation though increased counts of important bacteria in the rumen, such as Bacteroidetes, Prevotella_1, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Ruminococcus_1, Saccharofermentans, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, to improve the growth performance and increase serum immunity and antioxidant status. In the winter, owing to the low nutritional quality of the forage, the Tibetan sheep presented low values of forage degradation and fermentation indicators. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, microbial diversity, interactive activity between microorganisms, and metabolism were significantly increased, implying that the rumen microbiota could promote the decomposition of forage biomass and the maintenance of energy when forage nutritional value was insufficient in the winter. Our study helps in elucidating the mechanism by which Tibetan sheep adapt to the high-altitude harsh environments, from the perspective of the rumen microbiota.

Effects of dietary ramie level on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, and meat quality of Boer goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1935-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintao Wei ◽  
Wanzheng Guo ◽  
Xuehai Yang ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Qiwen Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Boer Goats

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Serum Metabolites, and Meat Composition of Tibetan Sheep during the Cold Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Xungang Wang ◽  
Tianwei Xu ◽  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Yuanyue Geng ◽  
Shengping Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Serum Metabolites ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Meat Composition ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Body Weights

Dietary protein is a critical nutrient that directly influences the health and production of livestock. Recent studies showed that protein supplements could enhance the growth performance of Tibetan sheep. However, there is a lack of information regarding the influence of dietary protein levels on carcass traits and meat composition. This study investigated the effects of dietary protein levels on growth performance, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and meat composition in Tibetan sheep during the cold season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. A total of eighteen 1-year-old, healthy, castrated Tibetan sheep with similar initial body weights (31.7 ± 0.72 kg) were randomly divided into three treatment groups with different dietary protein level (low protein (LP, 10.1%); medium protein (MP, 12.1%); high protein (HP, 14.1%)) diets. The results indicated that the Tibetan sheep fed with the MP and HP diets had greater final body weights (BWs), average daily gains (ADGs), and average daily feed intakes (ADFIs) (p < 0.05). The MP and HP diets also improved the hot carcass weight, net meat (including the fat) weight, and bone weight of the sheep significantly (p < 0.05). Besides, the dietary protein levels could significantly affect the serum concentrations of growth hormone (p < 0.05). The diameter of muscle fibers in the MP group was significantly greater than that in the LP group (p < 0.05), while the density of muscle fibers showed the opposite trend. The dietary protein levels only significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the ether extract content and profile content of the longissimus dorsi muscle but had no effect on other parameters of meat composition. In summary, our results indicate that dietary protein levels affect growth performance, carcass traits, and meat composition and that diets containing 12.1% and 14.1% protein are recommended to obtain better production performance and meat products in Tibetan sheep, rather than a diet containing 10.1% protein, during the cold season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemical index, and meat quality of female Hu lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-506
Author(s):  
Yancan Wang ◽  
Qiye Wang ◽  
Chunpeng Dai ◽  
Jianzhong Li ◽  
Pengfei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Biochemical Index ◽  
Serum Biochemical

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Nutritional Quality of Nile tilapia Caged in Northern Benin Water Reservoirs Exposed to Agricultural Effluents

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigue Orobiyi Edéya PELEBE ◽  
Ibrahim IMOROU TOKO ◽  
Issa Nahoua OUATTARA ◽  
Eloi Yatchégnon ATTAKPA ◽  
Jean FALL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Water Reservoirs

scholarly journals Improved Growth and Nutritional Quality of Pangas Catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) by Enzyme Supplementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Palash Bala ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa ◽  
Shankar Chandra Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

Pangas catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus is one of the most widely cultured fish species in Asia. The growth and flesh quality of fish depend largely on the quality and composition of feed. Inclusion of exogenous enzyme can improve the palatbility and digestibility of feed. However, there is a lack of research on the use of exogenous enzymes in fish diet for improved growth and nutritional quality of fish. Thus, in the current study, the effects of enzyme inclusion in fish diet were evaluated using pangas catfish as an experimental animal. The study was conducted in a laboratory condition with a flow-through system where 12 plastic tanks with 750 L water capacity were used where the tanks were grouped randomly. Each tank was stocked with 15 fingerlings of pangas catfish. Three different concentrations (3, 4 and 5% of the total feed) of Zymex, a commercially available ulti-enzyme were used for treatment groups along with a control group with no enzyme supplementation. The length-weight relationship of the experimental fish using the initial and final data was established where a significantly positive relationship was found (P<0.05). Growth performance including condition factor, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio was significantly improved by 3% enzyme supplementation (P<0.05). Average daily gain did not vary significantly between treatments. Three percent enzyme supplementation in the diet significantly increased crude protein and lipid contents and reduced moisture content (P<0.05). Significantly higher ash content was found in fish fed both 3 and 5% enzyme contained diet (P<0.05). In case of body indices, 5% enzyme supplementation provided significantly higher viscerosomatic index (P<0.05) while 3% provided significantly higher flesh yield (P<0.05). However, hepatosomatic index did not vary significantly between treatments. From the findings it is concluded that enzyme supplementation at 3% of the diet can improve the growth performance and nutritional quality of pangas catfish.

scholarly journals Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Four Anaplasma Species With Veterinary and Public Health Significance Identified in Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) and Yaks (Bos grunniens) in Qinghai, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Wang ◽  
Qingxun Zhang ◽  
Shuyi Han ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Ehrlichia Chaffeensis ◽  
Bos Grunniens ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Health Significance ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) can cause serious economic losses and are very important to animal and public health. To date, research on TBDs has been limited in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. This epidemiological investigation was conducted to evaluate the distribution and risk factors of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia chaffeensis in livestock in Qinghai. A total of 566 blood samples, including 330 yaks (Bos grunniens) and 236 Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) were screened. Results showed that A. bovis (33.3%, 110/330) and A. phagocytophilum (29.4%, 97/330) were most prevalent in yaks, followed by A. ovis (1.2%, 4/330), A. capra (0.6%, 2/330), and E. chaffeensis (0.6%, 2/330). While A. ovis (80.9%, 191/236) and A. bovis (5.1%, 12/236) infection was identified in Tibetan sheep. To our knowledge, it is the first time that A. capra and E. chaffeensis have been detected in yaks in China. Apart from that, we also found that co-infection of A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum is common in yaks (28.2%, 93/330). For triple co-infection, two yaks were infected with A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, and A. capra, and two yaks were infected with A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, and E. chaffeensis. Risk analysis shows that infection with A. bovis, A. phagocytophilum, and A. ovis was related to region and altitude. This study provides new data on the prevalence of Anaplasma spp. and E. chaffeensis in Qinghai, China, which may help to develop new strategies for active responding to these pathogens.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in yaks (Bos grunniens) and Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongcai He ◽  
Wangkai Chen ◽  
Ping Ma ◽  
Yaoping Wei ◽  
Ruishan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Anaplasma Ovis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Bos Grunniens ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

Abstract Background Anaplasma, Babesia and Theileria are tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) that affect livestock worldwide. However, information on these pathogens in yaks (Bos grunniens) and Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China, is limited. In this study, Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. infections were assessed in yaks and Tibetan sheep from Qinghai Province. Methods A total of 734 blood samples were collected from 425 yaks and 309 Tibetan sheep at nine sampling sites. Standard or nested polymerase chain reaction was employed to screen all the blood samples using species- or genus-specific primers. Results The results showed that 14.1% (60/425) of yaks and 79.9% (247/309) of Tibetan sheep were infected with at least one pathogen. Anaplasma ovis, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma capra, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia bovis and Theileria spp. were detected in this study, with total infection rates for all the assessed animals of 22.1% (162/734), 16.3% (120/734), 23.6% (173/734), 8.2% (60/734), 2.7% (20/734) and 19.3% (142/734), respectively. For yaks, the infection rate of A. bovis was 6.4% (27/425), that of B. bovis was 4.7% (20/425) and that of Theileria spp. was 3.3% (14/425). Moreover, 52.4% (162/309) of the Tibetan sheep samples were infected with A. ovis, 30.1% (93/309) with A. bovis, 56.0% (173/309) with A. capra, 19.4% (60/309) with A. phagocytophilum and 41.4% (128/309) with Theileria spp. Conclusions This study revealed the prevalence of Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in yaks and Tibetan sheep in Qinghai Province, China, and provides new data for a better understanding of the epidemiology of TBPs in these animals in this area of the QTP, China. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Prediction of Metabolizable Energy Concentrations of Herbage in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Using Tibetan Sheep Digestibility Data

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Penghui Guo ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Fuhou Li ◽  
Shenghua Chang ◽  
Zhaofeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Mean Prediction Error

Due to its extremely harsh environment, including high altitude, hypoxia, long cold season, and strong ultraviolet radiation in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), herbage species and nutritional value of the pasture may differ considerably from elsewhere across the world. The aim of the present study was to develop biologically relevant equations for estimating the metabolizable energy (ME) value of fresh native herbages in the QTP using digestibility variables and chemical concentrations in the herbage offered to Tibetan sheep at the maintenance level. A total of 11 digestibility trials (6 sheep/trial) were performed in different grazing seasons from 2011 to 2016. The herbage was harvested daily in the morning and offered to sheep at the maintenance feeding level. Thirty-seven equations were developed for the prediction of herbage digestible energy (DE) and ME energy values. The mean prediction error for ME was the lowest when using herbage gross energy digestibility as a sole predictor. When using other digestibility variables (e.g., dry matter and organic matter) as primary predictors, addition of herbage nutrient concentration reduced the difference between predicted and actual values. When DE was used as the primary explanatory variable, mean prediction error was reduced with the addition of ash, nitrogen (N), diethyl ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations. The internal validation of the present equations showed lower prediction errors when compared with those of existing equations for prediction of DE and ME concentrations in the herbage. Equations developed in the current study may thus allow for an improved and accurate prediction of metabolizable energy concentrations of herbage in practice, which is critical for the development of sustainable grazing systems in the QTP.

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