Identification of the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e Sublineage of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cambodia

Foot-and-mouth (FMD) is endemic in Cambodia with numerous outbreaks in cattle, pigs and other susceptible animal species reported every year. Historically, these outbreaks were caused by the FMD virus (FMDV) of serotype O PanAsia and Mya-98 lineages and serotype A Sea-97 lineage. However, the trans-pool movement of FMDV between inter-pool regions or countries throughout FMD endemic regions has raised concerns regarding infection with the new genotype or serotype of FMDV in Cambodia. In this study, 19 sequences of VP1 coding region obtained from 33 clinical samples collected from FMDV-affected cattle farms in Cambodia during January to March 2019 were genetically characterized to identify the genotypes/lineages of FMDV.Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 coding sequences revealed that recent field viruses belonged to O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e (15.8%), O/ME-SA/PanAsia (52.7%), and A/ASIA/Sea-97 (31.5%). Besides, the field viruses of O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e in Cambodia showed 93.5–96.8% identity with the VP1 coding sequences of the same sublineage viruses from pool 1 and 2 surrounding Cambodia. This is the first report of O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e infection in Cambodia, suggesting that the trans-pool movement of the new genotype should be closely monitored for efficient control of FMD.

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Phylogenetic characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus recovered from mithuns and yaks in India

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.v0iof.9176 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

M. Rout ◽

S Subramaniam ◽

J. K. Mohapatra ◽

A. Sanyal ◽

B. B. Dash ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Antigen Detection ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Effective Control ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Phylogenetic Characterization ◽

Serotype O ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Domestic Livestock

The yak and mithun husbandry in India is confronted with several challenges including the prevalence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). The present study was initiated to investigate FMD outbreaks in semi-domesticated mithun and yak population in various parts of India. A total of 64 clinical samples (vesicle/tongue/foot epithelium/fluid) from mithun and 6 from yak were collected from suspected FMD outbreaks during 2008-2013. Supernatants of the homogenized clinical samples were tested in a serotype discriminating antigen detection ELISA and ELISA-negative samples were further subjected to multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR). A total of 45 mithun samples and only 1 yak sample were found positive for serotype O in antigen detection ELISA. A total of 12 ELISA-negative samples from mithun and 4 from yak were later on found positive for serotype O in mRT-PCR. The phylogenetic analysis based on VP1 genome indicated the involvement of both O/ME-SA/PanAsia and O/ME-SA/Ind2001 lineages of serotype O in those outbreaks. These viruses were genetically similar to those contemporary virus isolates responsible for FMD in domestic livestock indicating a situation of virus sharing among different species of domestic and semi-domestic animals. Thus, mithuns and yaks should be synchronously considered and targeted along with cattle for the effective control of the disease in the country.

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Detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA in clinical samples and cell culture isolates by amplification of the capsid coding region

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/0166-0934(93)90176-r ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 53-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

M.C. Höfner ◽

W.C. Carpenter ◽

A.I. Donaldson

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Coding Region ◽

Virus Rna ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth

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Genome Sequences of 18 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Outbreak Strains of Serotype O Sublineage Ind2001d from India, 2013 to 2014

Microbiology Resource Announcements ◽

10.1128/mra.00776-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (33) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Miranda R. Bertram ◽

Rachel M. Palinski ◽

Rajeev Ranjan ◽

Jitendra K. Biswal ◽

Steven J. Pauszek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Asia ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Untranslated Regions ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Coding Sequences ◽

Serotype O ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Epidemiology Studies

We report the full polyprotein-coding sequences and partial untranslated regions (UTRs) of 18 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viruses from 4 outbreaks in India in 2013 and 2014. All strains grouped within the O/ME-SA/Ind2001d sublineage. These genomes update knowledge of FMD virus (FMDV) diversity in South Asia and may contribute to molecular epidemiology studies and vaccine selections.

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Detection of an emerging novel sublineage Ind2001BD1 and lineage PanAsia of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O in cattle in Manikgonj district of Bangladesh, 2018

Open Veterinary Journal ◽

10.4314/ovj.v10i3.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Md Zulfekar Ali ◽

Md Giasuddin

Keyword(s):

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Control Program ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Coding Region ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Serotype O ◽

Fmdv Serotype ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Virus Serotype ◽

Foot And Mouth

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an endemic disease of cloven-hoofed animals in Bangladesh and multiple outbreaks occur every year because of the FMD virus (FMDV).Aim: The aim of the present investigation was to determine the molecular characterization of the VP1 coding region of FMDV serotype O outbreak in cattle.Methods: A total of four tongue epithelial specimens were collected from clinically FMD-positive cattle during June 2018 in Manikgonj district of Bangladesh.Results: All four isolates were recorded positive for FMDV serotype O. The phylogenetic analysis showed that two isolates were clustered within an emerging novel sublineage Ind2001BD1 under lineage Ind2001 of FMDV serotype O, which was identified during 2012–2016 in Bangladesh. One isolate was clustered within the lineage PanAsia of FMDV serotype O and was closely related to an isolate identified in Nepal in 2009. The phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that all the four isolates belong to the Middle East–South Asia topotype.Conclusion: Therefore, multiple lineages of the FMDV serotype O are circulating among the cattle in the outbreak area, which make it more complex for the FMD control program in Bangladesh. A comprehensive study on the genetic characteristics of FMDV across the country is required for effective FMD prevention and control strategy. Keywords: Cattle, Foot-and-mouth disease, Ind2001BD1, Lineage, PanAsia.

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Antiviral potential of ivermectin against foot-and-mouth disease virus, serotype O, A and Asia-1

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104914 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104914

Author(s):

Zahra Naeem ◽

Sohail Raza ◽

Saba Afzal ◽

Ali Ahmad Sheikh ◽

Muhammad Muddassir Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Serotype O ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Virus Serotype ◽

Foot And Mouth

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Novel antibody binding determinants on the capsid surface of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.060939-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 1104-1116 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Amin S. Asfor ◽

Sasmita Upadhyaya ◽

Nick J. Knowles ◽

Donald P. King ◽

David J. Paton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Amino Acid Residues ◽

Serotype O ◽

Antigenic Sites ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

The Impact

Five neutralizing antigenic sites have been described for serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) based on monoclonal antibody (mAb) escape mutant studies. However, a mutant virus selected to escape neutralization of mAb binding at all five sites was previously shown to confer complete cross-protection with the parental virus in guinea pig challenge studies, suggesting that amino acid residues outside the mAb binding sites contribute to antibody-mediated in vivo neutralization of FMDV. Comparison of the ability of bovine antisera to neutralize a panel of serotype O FMDV identified three novel putative sites at VP2-74, VP2-191 and VP3-85, where amino acid substitutions correlated with changes in sero-reactivity. The impact of these positions was tested using site-directed mutagenesis to effect substitutions at critical amino acid residues within an infectious copy of FMDV O1 Kaufbeuren (O1K). Recovered viruses containing additional mutations at VP2-74 and VP2-191 exhibited greater resistance to neutralization with both O1K guinea pig and O BFS bovine antisera than a virus that was engineered to include only mutations at the five known antigenic sites. The changes at VP2-74 and VP3-85 are adjacent to critical amino acids that define antigenic sites 2 and 4, respectively. However VP2-191 (17 Å away from VP2-72), located at the threefold axis and more distant from previously identified antigenic sites, exhibited the most profound effect. These findings extend our knowledge of the surface features of the FMDV capsid known to elicit neutralizing antibodies, and will improve our strategies for vaccine strain selection and rational vaccine design.

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Factors Required for the Uridylylation of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 3B1, 3B2, and 3B3 Peptides by the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (3Dpol) In Vitro

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.79.12.7698-7706.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 79 (12) ◽

pp. 7698-7706 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Arabinda Nayak ◽

Ian G. Goodfellow ◽

Graham J. Belsham

Keyword(s):

Rna Polymerase ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Rna Synthesis ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Coding Region ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Positive Strand Rna

ABSTRACT The 5′ terminus of picornavirus genomic RNA is covalently linked to the virus-encoded peptide 3B (VPg). Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is unique in encoding and using 3 distinct forms of this peptide. These peptides each act as primers for RNA synthesis by the virus-encoded RNA polymerase 3Dpol. To act as the primer for positive-strand RNA synthesis, the 3B peptides have to be uridylylated to form VPgpU(pU). For certain picornaviruses, it has been shown that this reaction is achieved by the 3Dpol in the presence of the 3CD precursor plus an internal RNA sequence termed a cis-acting replication element (cre). The FMDV cre has been identified previously to be within the 5′ untranslated region, whereas all other picornavirus cre structures are within the viral coding region. The requirements for the in vitro uridylylation of each of the FMDV 3B peptides has now been determined, and the role of the FMDV cre (also known as the 3B-uridylylation site, or bus) in this reaction has been analyzed. The poly(A) tail does not act as a significant template for FMDV 3B uridylylation.

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