THE ROLE OF YELLOW STICKING TRAPS FOR ESTIMATION OF LEAF HOPPER Empoasca decedens POALI ON DIFFERENT STRAINS OF POPLAR TREES IN MOSUL

This study investigates human enteric virus contamination of a shellfish harvesting area. Samples were analysed over a 14-month period for Small Round Structured Viruses (SRSVs) using a previously developed nested RT-PCR. A clear seasonal difference was observed with the largest numbers of positive samples obtained during the winter period (October to March). This data concurs with the known winter association of gastroenteric illness due to oyster consumption in the UK and also with the majority of the outbreaks associated with shellfish harvested from this area during the study period. RT-PCR positive amplicons were further characterised by cloning and sequencing. Sequence analysis of the positive samples identified eleven SRSV strains, of both Genogroup I and Genogroup II, occurring throughout the study period. Many shellfish samples contained a mixture of strains with a few samples containing up to three different strains with both Genogroups represented. The observed common occurrence of strain mixtures may have implications for the role of shellfish as a vector for dissemination of SRSV strains. These results show that nested RT-PCR can identify SRSV contamination in shellfish harvesting areas. Virus monitoring of shellfish harvesting areas by specialist laboratories using RT-PCR is a possible approach to combating the transmission of SRSVs by molluscan shellfish and could potentially offer significantly enhanced levels of public health protection.

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Characterization of a Specific, High Affinity [3H]Arginine8Vasopressin-Binding Site on Liver Microsomes from Different Strains of Rat and the Role of Magnesium*

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/endo-118-3-990 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 990-998 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

VENKAT GOPALAKRISHNAN ◽

CHRIS R. TRIGGLE ◽

PRAKASH V. SULAKHE ◽

J. ROBERT McNEILL

Keyword(s):

Binding Site ◽

Liver Microsomes ◽

High Affinity ◽

Different Strains

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The CasKR Two-Component System Is Required for the Growth of Mesophilic and Psychrotolerant Bacillus cereus Strains at Low Temperatures

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00090-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (8) ◽

pp. 2493-2503 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sara Esther Diomandé ◽

Stéphanie Chamot ◽

Vera Antolinos ◽

Florian Vasai ◽

Marie-Hélène Guinebretière ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Food Poisoning ◽

Two Component System ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Component System ◽

Content Type ◽

Two Component ◽

Temperature Ranges ◽

Different Strains

ABSTRACTThe different strains ofBacillus cereuscan grow at temperatures covering a very diverse range. SomeB. cereusstrains can grow in chilled food and consequently cause food poisoning. We have identified a new sensor/regulator mechanism involved in low-temperatureB. cereusgrowth. Construction of a mutant of this two-component system enabled us to show that this system, called CasKR, is required for growth at the minimal temperature (Tmin). CasKR was also involved in optimal cold growth aboveTminand in cell survival belowTmin. Microscopic observation showed that CasKR plays a key role in cell shape during cold growth. Introducing thecasKRgenes in a ΔcasKRmutant restored its ability to grow atTmin. Although it was first identified in the ATCC 14579 model strain, this mechanism has been conserved in most strains of theB. cereusgroup. We show that the role of CasKR in cold growth is similar in otherB. cereus sensu latostrains with different growth temperature ranges, including psychrotolerant strains.

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Characterization by pyocine typing and serotyping of oral and sputum strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis patients

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m87-038 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 221-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kunio Komiyama ◽

Brian F. Habbick ◽

Tom Martin ◽

Satwant K. Tumber

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Buccal Mucosa ◽

Single Strain ◽

Ecological Sites ◽

Dental Plaques ◽

Different Strains

Oral and sputum isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis were investigated. Of the 17 patients studied, 12 patients (71%) yielded both mucoid and nonmucoid variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from sputum and (or) various oral ecological sites, such as buccal mucosa, tongue dorsum, dental plaques, and saliva. A total of 51 strains of mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from these patients and were phenotypically characterized by both pyocine typing and serotyping. Five patients (42%) were colonized or infected by a single strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas 7 patients (58%) were cocolonized or coinfected by two or more phenotypically different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To understand the mechanisms involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, it may be necessary to identify multiple isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa not only from the sputum but also from the various oral ecological sites and to further explore the role of the oral cavity in this colonization.

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Role of divalent cations, pH, cytoskeleton componentes and surface charge on the adhesion of Trichomonas vaginalis to a polystyrene substrate

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02761987000300009 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 379-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fernando Costa e Silva Filho ◽

Cezar Antonio Elias ◽

Wanderley de Souza

Keyword(s):

Surface Charge ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽

Cytochalasin B ◽

Culture Media ◽

Divalent Cations ◽

Polystyrene Beads ◽

Different Strains ◽

Adhesion Index

The process of adhesion of three different strains of Trichomonas vaginalis to a polystyrene substrate was analysed. The process of adhesion was dependent on the time of incubation and the pH of the phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) in which the parasites were suspended. The highest indices of adhesion were observed after an incubation time of 60 min at pH 6.6. The adhesion index increased when the parasites were incubated in the presence of culture media or when Ca++ or Mg++ was added to the PBS solution, whereas cytochalasin B, trypsin or neuraminidase reduced adhesion. Incubation of the parasites in the presence of poly-L-lysine facilitated the process of adhesion. Incubation of the parasites or polystyrene beads in the presence of poly-L-lysine led to important changes in their surface charge.

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LuxS-dependent AI-2 production is not involved in global regulation of natural product biosynthesis inPhotorhabdusandXenorhabdus

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3471 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3471 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antje K. Heinrich ◽

Merle Hirschmann ◽

Nick Neubacher ◽

Helge B. Bode

Keyword(s):

Regulatory System ◽

Regulatory Rna ◽

Insect Larvae ◽

Phenotypic Differences ◽

Global Regulators ◽

Autoinducer 2 ◽

Small Regulatory Rna ◽

Mutant Strains ◽

Different Strains

The Gram-negative bacteriaPhotorhabdusandXenorhabdusare known to produce a variety of different natural products (NP). These compounds play different roles since the bacteria live in symbiosis with nematodes and are pathogenic to insect larvae in the soil. Thus, a fine tuned regulatory system controlling NP biosynthesis is indispensable. Global regulators such as Hfq, Lrp, LeuO and HexA have been shown to influence NP production ofPhotorhabdusandXenorhabdus. Additionally, photopyrones as quorum sensing (QS) signals were demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of NP production inPhotorhabdus.In this study, we investigated the role of another possible QS signal, autoinducer-2 (AI-2), in regulation of NP production. The AI-2 synthase (LuxS) is widely distributed within the bacterial kingdom and has a dual role as a part of the activated methyl cycle pathway, as well as being responsible for AI-2 precursor production. We deletedluxSin three different entomopathogenic bacteria and compared NP levels in the mutant strains to the wild type (WT) but observed no difference to the WT strains. Furthermore, the absence of the small regulatory RNAmicA, which is encoded directly upstream ofluxS, did not influence NP levels. Phenotypic differences between theP. luminescens luxSdeletion mutant and an earlier describedluxSdeficient strain ofP. luminescenssuggested that two phenotypically different strains have evolved in different laboratories.

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Molecular Characterization of Commensal Escherichia coli Adapted to Different Compartments of the Porcine Gastrointestinal Tract

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01688-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (19) ◽

pp. 6799-6803 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Sam Abraham ◽

David M. Gordon ◽

James Chin ◽

Huub J. M. Brouwers ◽

Peter Njuguna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Plasmid Replicon ◽

Different Strains ◽

Different Characteristics

ABSTRACTThe role ofEscherichia colias a pathogen has been the focus of considerable study, while much less is known about it as a commensal and how it adapts to and colonizes different environmental niches within the mammalian gut. In this study, we characterizeEscherichia coliorganisms (n= 146) isolated from different regions of the intestinal tracts of eight pigs (dueodenum, ileum, colon, and feces). The isolates were typed using the method of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and screened for the presence of bacteriocin genes and plasmid replicon types. Molecular analysis of variance using the RAPD data showed thatE. coliisolates are nonrandomly distributed among different gut regions, and that gut region accounted for 25% (P< 0.001) of the observed variation among strains. Bacteriocin screening revealed that a bacteriocin gene was detected in 45% of the isolates, with 43% carrying colicin genes and 3% carrying microcin genes. Of the bacteriocins observed (H47, E3, E1, E2, E7, Ia/Ib, and B/M), the frequency with which they were detected varied with respect to gut region for the colicins E2, E7, Ia/Ib, and B/M. The plasmid replicon typing gave rise to 25 profiles from the 13 Inc types detected. Inc F types were detected most frequently, followed by Inc HI1 and N types. Of the Inc types detected, 7 were nonrandomly distributed among isolates from the different regions of the gut. The results of this study indicate that not only may the different regions of the gastrointestinal tract harbor different strains ofE. colibut also that strains from different regions have different characteristics.

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Cytomegaloviral Infections: Epidemiology, Therapy, and Prevention

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.7.6.169 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 169-175

Author(s):

George A. Nankervis

Keyword(s):

Giant Cells ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Current Review ◽

New Concepts ◽

The World ◽

The Subject ◽

Epstein Barr ◽

Different Strains

The role of cytomegalovirus in human disease is a still-evolving story. Hanshaw presented an excellent review article on the subject in 1981 in this publication; this current review is an update, with particular emphasis on new concepts in the epidemiology and prevention of cytomegaloviral infection and disease. Historically, evidence of infection with cytomegalovirus was first reported by pathologists in many parts of the world. They noted the presence of giant cells with intranuclear inclusions while examining a diversity of organs microscopically. Isolation of the virus and development of serologic techniques eventually enabled a definitive study of the agent, its pathogenesis and epidemiology. Biologically, it is one of the herpesviruses and, as such, is a DNA virus. Other members of the group include varicella-zoster, herpes simplex, and Epstein-Barr virus. Several different strains of cytomegalovirus exist, and they have specific characteristics which are of interest. The virus is cell associated and tends to be very labile; it has a tendency to become latent and may possibly have malignant potential. EPIDEMIOLOGY Prevalence Infection with cytomegalovirus is found throughout the world. Studies of prevalence in a number of diverse populations have indicated that cytomegaloviral infection is ubiquitous. The major differences in prevalence between populations are related to the speed of acquisition of infection in various geographic and socioeconomic settings.

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Deciphering the metabolic capabilities of Bifidobacteria using genome-scale metabolic models

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-54696-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N. T. Devika ◽

Karthik Raman

Keyword(s):

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Acetate Production ◽

Scale Models ◽

Powerful Approach ◽

Metabolic Models ◽

Commercial Applications ◽

Different Strains ◽

Genome Scale ◽

Modelling Approach

AbstractBifidobacteria, the initial colonisers of breastfed infant guts, are considered as the key commensals that promote a healthy gastrointestinal tract. However, little is known about the key metabolic differences between different strains of these bifidobacteria, and consequently, their suitability for their varied commercial applications. In this context, the present study applies a constraint-based modelling approach to differentiate between 36 important bifidobacterial strains, enhancing their genome-scale metabolic models obtained from the AGORA (Assembly of Gut Organisms through Reconstruction and Analysis) resource. By studying various growth and metabolic capabilities in these enhanced genome-scale models across 30 different nutrient environments, we classified the bifidobacteria into three specific groups. We also studied the ability of the different strains to produce short-chain fatty acids, finding that acetate production is niche- and strain-specific, unlike lactate. Further, we captured the role of critical enzymes from the bifid shunt pathway, which was found to be essential for a subset of bifidobacterial strains. Our findings underline the significance of analysing metabolic capabilities as a powerful approach to explore distinct properties of the gut microbiome. Overall, our study presents several insights into the nutritional lifestyles of bifidobacteria and could potentially be leveraged to design species/strain-specific probiotics or prebiotics.

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