scholarly journals Virtual Sound Field of the Roman Theatre of Malaca

Acoustics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-96
Author(s):  
Javier Alayón ◽  
Sara Girón ◽  
José A. Romero-Odero ◽  
Francisco J. Nieves
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
Stone Surface ◽  
Process Adjustment ◽  
Decay Parameters ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The City

In Hispania (present-day Spain and Portugal), there are 25 structures documented of classical Roman open-air theatres, of which 10 are in the south, in the Roman Baetica (Andalusia). The Baetica embraced the progress of urbanisation in the time of the Roman emperor Augustus, where theatres, built in stone, were the foci of entertainment, performance, and propaganda of the empire. The Roman theatre in Malaga presents the archaeological remains of the main vestige of the Roman Malaca. It is located in the historical centre of the city, at the foot of the hill of the Muslim Alcazaba and was discovered in 1952. It is a medium-sized theatre whose design corresponds to a mixed construction that combines making use of the hillside for the terraces, in the manner of Greek theatres, with a major construction where rock is non-existent, thereby creating the necessary space for the stands. In this paper, the production process, adjustment, and validation of the 3D model of the theatre are analysed for the creation of a numerical predictive model of its sound field. Acoustic properties of the venue are examined and the effect of the Muslim Alcazaba and the hillside on the various acoustic descriptors is analysed. The results highlight the influence of this large stone surface mainly on the time decay parameters.

The City Below The Hill

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Brown Ames ◽  
Paul Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
The Hill ◽  
The City

Rebuilding the City on the Hill

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
The Hill ◽  
The City

Carthage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Human Sacrifice ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

This chapter discusses the rise, development, and Romanization of ancient Carthage in the early Christian period after the formation of the province of Africa Proconsularis in the Augustan period; the physical topography of the city of Carthage, including the Byrsa, the Antonine Baths, and the amphitheater; and it describes the tophet or outdoor sacrificial area and whether human sacrifice was practiced among the Carthaginians. It also covers the life, influence, and African roots of Septimius Severus, the Roman emperor during Perpetua’s life and death. Also discussed are the social, religious, and intellectual conditions for pagans in Roman Carthage, who their local gods were (Tanit, Saturn, Juno Caelestis, Baal Hammon), and the connections between civic and religious life.

scholarly journals A computationally efficient hybrid 2D–3D subwoofer model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad H. Bokhari ◽  
Martin Berggren ◽  
Daniel Noreland ◽  
Eddie Wadbro
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Lumped Element ◽  
Lumped Element Model

AbstractA subwoofer generates the lowest frequency range in loudspeaker systems. Subwoofers are used in audio systems for live concerts, movie theatres, home theatres, gaming consoles, cars, etc. During the last decades, numerical simulations have emerged as a cost- and time-efficient complement to traditional experiments in the design process of different products. The aim of this study is to reduce the computational time of simulating the average response for a given subwoofer design. To this end, we propose a hybrid 2D–3D model that reduces the computational time significantly compared to a full 3D model. The hybrid model describes the interaction between different subwoofer components as interacting modules whose acoustic properties can partly be pre-computed. This allows us to efficiently compute the performance of different subwoofer design layouts. The results of the hybrid model are validated against both a lumped element model and a full 3D model over a frequency band of interest. The hybrid model is found to be both accurate and computationally efficient.

Outreach in Major American Cities

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Donald J. Cosentino
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
State University ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Jane Jacobs ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Hill ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

The question immediately suggests itself: what constitutes a major American city? Subjectively, but with a long side glance at Jane Jacobs, I would define such a metropolitan area by several attributes. One obviously is population density, though the actual number of people that make up the city is less important than the diversity within the population that allows for a great diversity in culture. Major American cities are composed of many cultural, racial, and economic constituencies coexisting in a single polity. Thus, even though Peoria and San Francisco are dense population centers, one is a major farm town, and the other is a major city. This multiplicity of ethnic constituencies is reflected in a city’s educational, economic, religious, political, and cultural institutions which are likewise fragmented, though interdependent. Such cities with enormous and highly diverse constituencies are likely to be more self-sufficient culturally, politically, and economically than other American towns. They supply their own news and publications, stage their own cultural events, concentrate more on their own political processes, and establish autonomous norms of behavior. In fact, what happens in these cities more often creates the news, the culture, the mores, and the politics for the rest of the land. A university operating in such a milieu is not just a light on the hill. It is a constituency within a mosaic of constituencies. It is linked to those other constituencies politically, socially, culturally, and economically, just by being where it is. It must frequently act on an ad hoc basis, responding to requests and solicitations that are sometimes immediate, and sometimes imperative. The parameters of its actions are clearly traceable in the mosaic of relationships which describe the city. It is not as free as the state university in the college town to define its own program, but by its existential commitment to its locale it draws whatever important qualities it will have for itself, for its community, and for the nation.

Art. VII.—An Account of Jerusalem, translated for the late Sir H. M. Elliot, from the Persian text of Náṣir ibn Khusrú's Safarnámah

1873 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-164
Author(s):  
A. R. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The City

On the 3rd of Ramazán, I left Ramlah, and went to a village called Khátún, and from thence to another, which they styled Kariatu-l-'Anab (Grape hamlet). On the road I observed plenty of wild rue growing spontaneously on hill and dale. I also noticed at this village a very delightful spring of water gushing out of a rock, where they had constructed reservoirs, and built edifices. From thence I proceeded up some rising ground, under the impression that I was ascending a hill, and that on going down the other side the city would lie before me. After I had climbed the ascent however for a short way, a vast wilderness lay in my front, partly stony, and partly showing merely the bare earth. At the summit of the hill stands the city of the “Baitu-l-Mukaddas” (Sacred Tabernacle, i.e. Jerusalem), between which and Tarábulis, whichis on the coast, are 56 parasangs, and from Balkh to Jerusalem 876.

ENLIGHTENMENT AND REVOLUTION: NAPLES 1799

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 17-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Robertson
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
French Military ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The City

AbstractTWO hundred years ago today, on 22 January 1799, French troops forced their way into the city of Naples. In doing so, they confirmed the authority of the Neapolitan Republic which had been proclaimed, one and indivisible, the day before by a group of patriots who had taken control of the Castel Sant'Elmo, the fortress on the hill immediately above the centre of the city. Thus began the last of the revolutions which can be regarded as the offspring of the great French Revolution of 1789. There is no denying that the Neapolitan Revolution, like its predecessors in northern Italy and elsewhere, depended on French military intervention. The patriots were not in control of the city before 22 January, and needed the French to quell the popular violence and disorder which had swept the city for the previous week. And when, after three months, the French withdrew their forces, the republicans' hold on the city was too precarious to last more than a few weeks.

Excavations at Halos

1912 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. B. Wace ◽  
M. S. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The West ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The City ◽  
Limestone Hill

Although one of the smaller and less well-known cities in Thessaly Halos in Achaia Phthiotis has played an important part in history. Tradition attributes its origin to Athamas, and its position guarding the coast route between Othrys and the sea into the Spercheios valley, brought it on several critical occasions into prominence. In 480 B.C. together with the rest of Thessaly it submitted to Xerxes without a struggle, but in 346 B.C. it withstood a long siege by Philip and Parmenio. Some mediaeval and Turkish fortifications on the ancient Greek acropolis show that its strategic importance continued down to the last century. The walls which surrounded the city in the plain and the citadel on the hill to the west can still be traced, but of the city itself nothing is now visible. The acropolis is the last peak of the projecting spur of Othrys, which running down towards the bay of Halmyros shuts off the plain of Sourpe from that of Halmyros. This is now a bare limestone hill covered with scrub, and whatever may exist in the plain is hidden beneath the cultivated fields.

Empirical study on the correlation between measurement methods under diffuse and direct sound field conditions for determining sound absorption and airborne sound insulation properties of noise barriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (3) ◽  
pp. 3350-3361
Author(s):  
Andreas Fuchs ◽  
Reinhard Wehr ◽  
Marco Conter
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Noise Barriers ◽  
Airborne Sound

In the frame of the SOPRANOISE project (funded by CEDR in the Transnational Road Research Programme 2018) the database of the European noise barrier market developed during the QUIESST project was updated with newly acquired data. This database gives the opportunity for an empirical study on the correlation between the different measurement methods for the acoustic properties of noise barriers (according to the EN 1793 series) to further investigate the interrelationships between these methods by using single-number ratings and third-octave band data. First a correlation of the measurement methods for sound absorption under diffuse field conditions (EN 1793-1) and sound reflection under direct sound field conditions (EN 1793-5) is presented. Secondly, a correlation of the measurement methods for airborne sound insulation under diffuse field conditions (EN 1793-2) and airborne sound insulation under direct sound field conditions (EN 1793-6) is shown. While for airborne sound insulation a distinct correlation is found due to the wide data range, for sound absorption no robust correlation can be found.

The Strangely Mingled Monster

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-62
Author(s):  
Sam Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Fin De Siècle ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The City

This chapter explores the ways in which London is established as the central site of Gothic modernity in literature of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It examines this literature in terms of broad movements or dynamics: the invasion of the metropolitan centre (as in Stoker’s Dracula); the conceptualization of the city as divided between dangerous and secure spaces (as in Stevenson’s Jekyll and Hyde); the pollution of those spaces by the Gothic threat (as in Machen’s The Great God Pan); and a centrifugal movement towards the suburbs (as in Machen’s The Hill of Dreams). Fin de siècle London, this chapter argues, should not be seen as an end but a beginning: it is a cultural moment in which the evolving relations between the Gothic and modernity manifest themselves in new ways of representing place.

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