scholarly journals U-Space Concept of Operations: A Key Enabler for Opening Airspace to Emerging Low-Altitude Operations

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Barrado ◽  
Mario Boyero ◽  
Luigi Brucculeri ◽  
Giancarlo Ferrara ◽  
Andrew Hately ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Level ◽  
Separation Standards ◽  
Space Architecture ◽  
Economical Growth ◽  
Economic Imperative ◽  
Space Concept ◽  
Concept Of Operations

Opening the sky to new classes of airspace user is a political and economic imperative for the European Union. Drone industries have a significant potential for economical growth according to the latest estimations. To enable this growth safely and efficiently, the CORUS project has developed a concept of operations for drones flying in Europe in very low-level airspace, which they have to share that space with manned aviation, and quite soon with urban air mobility aircraft as well. U-space services and the development of smart, automated, interoperable, and sustainable traffic management solutions are presented as the key enabler for achieving this high level of integration. In this paper, we present the U-space concept of operations (ConOps), produced around three new types of airspace volume, called X, Y, and Z, and the relevant U-space services that will need to be supplied in each of these. The paper also describes the reference high-level U-space architecture using the European air traffic management architecture methodology. Finally, the paper proposes the basis for the aircraft separation standards applicable by each volume, to be used by the conflict detection and resolution services of U-space.

scholarly journals Beyond Contrail Avoidance: Efficacy of Flight Altitude Changes to Minimise Contrail Climate Forcing

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Roger Teoh ◽  
Ulrich Schumann ◽  
Marc E. J. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Flight Altitude ◽  
Suboptimal Outcome ◽  
Total Fuel Consumption ◽  
Separation Standards

Contrail cirrus introduce a short-lived but significant climate forcing that could be mitigated by small changes in aircraft cruising altitudes. This paper extends a recent study to evaluate the efficacy of several vertical flight diversion strategies to mitigate contrail climate forcing, and estimates impacts to air traffic management (ATM). We use six one-week periods of flight track data in the airspace above Japan (between May 2012 and March 2013), and simulate contrails using the contrail cirrus prediction model (CoCiP). Previous studies have predominantly optimised a diversion of every contrail-forming flight to minimise its formation or radiative forcing. However, our results show that these strategies produce a suboptimal outcome because most contrails have a short lifetime, and some have a cooling effect. Instead, a strategy that reroutes 15.3% of flights to avoid long-lived warming contrails, while allowing for cooling contrails, reduces the contrail energy forcing (EFcontrail) by 105% [91.8, 125%] with a total fuel penalty of 0.70% [0.66, 0.73%]. A minimum EFtotal strategy (contrails + CO2), diverting 20.1% of flights, reduces the EFcontrail by the same magnitude but also reduces the total fuel consumption by 0.40% [0.31, 0.47%]. For the diversion strategies explored, between 9% and 14% of diversions lead to a loss of separation standards between flights, demonstrating a modest scale of ATM impacts. These results show that small changes in flight altitudes are an opportunity for aviation to significantly and rapidly reduce its effect on the climate.

Institutional aspects of military engagement in the process of the European air traffic management system modernisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Telesfor Marek Markiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
System Reform ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Traffic Management System

At the beginning of the 21st century, the European Union (EU) started work to modernise air traffic management systems and create a pan-European airspace independent of national borders. The initiated SES and SESAR programmes aim to better meet the forecasted needs of the air transport sector in the areas of safety, capacity, economic efficiency and environmental protection. These programmes are not directly applicable to military operations and training, but their implementation has a significant impact on the technical and operational issues of military aviation and the defence budgets of the EU Member States and NATO. Therefore, it is necessary to involve military authorities and experts at the earliest possible stage in all legislative and technological projects carried out under the SES initiative and the SESAR programme. The political views and decisions of allied and national military authorities regarding the Single European Sky are shaped by the institutional context in which they take place. This article reviews the participation of NATO and the European Defence Agency (EDA), the main organisations representing the military side in both programmes, and evaluates their contribution to the successful completion of the European air traffic management system reform projects.

scholarly journals The system of collaborative decision making as an effective tool for the organization of the airport operation in peak loads

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Cooperative Decision Making ◽  
Navigation Service ◽  
Separation Standards

In the article the analysis of functioning a joint decision-making (A-CDM) system of Sheremetyevo Airport is presented during airport operation in a "rush hour". Domestic and international programs of air traffic management (ATM) development assume that the airports will be completely included into the air traffic management network as components of this network. Cooperative decision-making will be used to provide a "seamless" process of planning. This process will take place with participation of airspace users, suppliers of an air navigation service and airports (with use of the automated facilities of arrival, departure and traffic on airfield surface) for the benefit of sequence management to increase runway capacity. The runway equipment has to be modernized, separation standards among aircraft on arrival and departure should be reduced, modern navigation and traffic control on an airfield surface aids have to operate. The runway is referred to the resources which operate according to the principle of only one client service. Influence of weather conditions (the wet runway, severe wind, low visibility) determines the airfield capacity. Arrival and departure control allows optimizing aerodrome operation from the view of cost efficiency and ecology. The system of joint decision-making for an airport is a complex of the procedures aimed at increasing level of air traffic flows organization, airfield and airspace capacity through raising a level of event predictability and optimization of the resource use process. The system allows operating information to obtain the modified output data for decision-making. The main system objectives are to increase the level of temporary accuracy of an event emergence and also its predictability.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Framework Proposal for a Noise Modelling Service for Drones in U-Space Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Tommy Langen ◽  
Vimala Nunavath ◽  
Ole Henrik Dahle
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Space Architecture

In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the development and usage of flying drones due to their diverse capabilities worldwide. Public and private sectors will actively use drone technology in the logistics of goods and transporting passengers in the future. There are concerns regarding privacy and noise exposure in and around the rural and urban environment with the rapid expansion. Further, drone noise could affect human health. European Union has defined a service-orientated architecture to provide air traffic management for drones, called U-space. However, it lacks a noise modelling service (NMS). This paper proposes a conceptual framework for such a noise modelling service for drones with a use case scenario and verification method. The framework is conceptualized based on noise modelling from the aviation sector. The NMS can be used to model the noise to understand the accepted drone noise levels in different scenarios and take measures needed to reduce the noise impact on the community.

Investigation of the Development and Use of a Concept of Operations in Traffic Management Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 1925 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-244
Author(s):  
Brian L. Smith ◽  
Marc H. Evans ◽  
Derek W. Woodley
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
System Development ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Engineering Process ◽  
High Level ◽  
Concept Of Operations

The purpose of this research effort was to identify benefits provided by a concept of operations in the life-cycle of a transportation management system (TMS) and to identify best practices in the development and use of the concept of operations for TMSs. Experience has shown that the systems engineering process is well suited for the complex nature of the contemporary TMS. The foundation of the systems engineering process is the concept of operations, a high-level, nontechnical document focusing vision and goals for all aspects of a system that are necessary for operation in such a way that a diverse audience will fully understand what the system will do. The research surveyed current practice in TMS applications and compared this with concept-of-operations standards from the industry. Key findings of the research include the following recommendations and best practices for development and use of the concept of operations for TMSs: ( a) stakeholder communication and involvement in system development is the main benefit from the concept-of-operations development process; ( b) when the system development team is created, owners of the system should begin compiling the team of stakeholders immediately and focus on those who will be responsible for using the system; ( c) recommended practices for improving readability of the documents include minimizing technical jargon and frequent and effective use of graphics; and ( d) operational scenarios should be developed and extensively used in the concept-of-operations document. A concept of operations is dynamic and useful throughout the entire life-cycle of the system, providing guidance for all stages of system development.

Against the Failures of Risk Regulation Liability and Safety in Air Traffic Management (ATM)

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-189
Author(s):  
Marta Simoncini ◽  
Giuseppe Contissa
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Risk Regulation ◽  
Liability Rules ◽  
Legal Remedy ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The One

This article aims to analyse liability issues as a further means to regulate risks, in case the precautionary measures of the delivered safety system fail. Through liability, the risk that cannot be prevented can be transferred onto those parties who are in the best position to spread them. The allocation of liability thus works as an incentive to the correct functioning of the preventive measures. Liability rules appear to be a key legal remedy which can ensure both tort reparation and a fair and efficient distribution of burdens in a legal order. In this vein, air traffic management (ATM) is addressed as a case study, which shows the main issues and the gaps that liability rules face when dealing with the trade off between risk and safety as conveyed by technology.After having clarified the nature of the relations between risk and liability on the one hand, and automation and liability on the other hand, this article analyses liability issues in the framework of ATM by approaching this topic in a comparative way between the National Airspace System (NAS) of the United States of America (USA) and the Single European Sky (SES) of the European Union (EU).

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