Changes in GHG Emissions Based on Irrigation Water Quality in Short-Term Incubated Agricultural Soil of the North China Plain

A worsening water shortage is threatening the sustainable development of agriculture in the North China Plain (NCP). How to make effective use of inferior water resources and alleviate the impact of insufficient water resources on agricultural environments is one of the urgent problems in agricultural production. Although agriculture plays an important role in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the effects of irrigation water quality on such emissions in the NCP are not clear. In this study, we used a short-term incubation experiment to test the effects of the irrigation water quality (underground water (UW), saline water (SW), and reclaimed water (RW)) and frequency (high (H) and low (L)) on regulating the soil GHG emissions of the NCP. The results indicated that RW treatment increased the CO2 and N2O emissions by 15.00% and 20.81%, respectively, and reduced the CH4 uptake by 12.50% compared with the UW treatment. In addition, SW treatment decreased the CO2 and N2O emissions and CH4 uptake by 35.18%, 40.27%, and 20.09% against UW treatment, respectively. The high-frequency water added to the soil significantly increased the GHG emissions for all water qualities applied. Compared with UW, the global warming potential was significantly increased by RW_H and RW_L with 26.48% and 14.5% and decreased by SW_H and SW_L with 32.13% and 43.9%, respectively. Compared with the increase brought by reclaimed water, changing irrigation water sources from conventional groundwater to saline water (4 g L−1) will moderately reduce GHG emissions under the worsening water shortage conditions occurring in the NCP.

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Impact of Irrigation Water Quality, Nitrogen Fertilization Rates and Foliar Application of Ascorbic Acid on Wheat Yield and Some Soil Properties in the North Middle Nile Delta Region

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2017/31895 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

M Aiad ◽

G EL-Sanat ◽

A Amer ◽

Kadria El-Azab

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Fertilization Rates ◽

The North

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Comprehensive Environmental Assessment of Potato as Staple Food Policy in China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16152700 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (15) ◽

pp. 2700 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bing Gao ◽

Wei Huang ◽

Xiaobo Xue ◽

Yuanchao Hu ◽

Yunfeng Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Water ◽

North China Plain ◽

North China ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Nutrient Supply ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Staple Food ◽

The North ◽

The North China Plain ◽

Early Rice

The Chinese government projected 30% of total consumed potatoes as a staple food (PSF) by 2020. We comprehensively assessed the potential impacts of PSF on rice and flour consumption, rice and wheat planting, energy and nutrient supply, irrigation-water, chemical nitrogen (N), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and potassium oxide (K2O) fertilizer inputs and total greenhouse gases (GHG) emission for potatoes, rice and wheat, by assuming different proportions of potato substitutes for rice and flour. The results showed that per capita, 2.9 ± 0.3 and 4.7 ± 0.5 kg more potatoes per year would enter the Chinese staple-food diet, under the government’s target. PSF consumed are expected to reach 5.2 ± 0.7 Tg yr−1, equivalent to substituting potatoes for 4.2 ± 0.8–8.5 ± 0.8 Tg yr−1 wheat and 5.1 ± 0.9–10.1 ± 1.8 Tg yr−1 rice under different scenarios. While this substitution can increase the nutrient supply index by 63% towards nutrient reference values, it may induce no significant effect on staple-food energy supply with lower chemical fertilizer (except for K2O) and irrigation-water inputs and GHG emissions in different substitution scenarios than the business as usual scenario. The reduction in rice and wheat demands lead to wheat in the North China Plain and early rice decrease by 6.1–11.4% and 12.1–24.1%, respectively. The total GHG reduction is equal to 1.1–9.0% of CO2 equivalent associated with CH4 and N2O emitted from the Chinese agroecosystem in 2005. The saved irrigation water for three crops compared to 2012 reaches the total water use of 17.9 ± 4.9–21.8 ± 5.9 million people in 2015. More N fertilizer, irrigation-water, and GHG can be reduced, if the PSF ratio is increased to 50% together with potato yield improves to the optimal level. Our results implied that the PSF policy is worth doing not only because of the healthier diets, but also to mitigate resource inputs and GHG emissions and it also supports agricultural structure adjustments in the areas of irrigated wheat on the North China Plain and early rice across China, designed to increase the adaptability to climate change.

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Irrigation-water quality during 1976 irrigation season in the Sulphur Creek basin, Yakima and Benton counties, Washington

Open-File Report ◽

10.3133/ofr811008 ◽

1982 ◽

Author(s):

P.R. Boucher ◽

M.O. Fretwell

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Irrigation Season ◽

Irrigation Water Quality

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Assessment of ground water quality of lahar block, Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh

International Journal of Advanced Geosciences ◽

10.14419/ijag.v3i2.4949 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shashi Kant ◽

Y.V. Singh ◽

Lokesh Kumar Jat ◽

R. Meena ◽

S.N. Singh

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Ground Water ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water Quality Index

In sustainable groundwater study, it is necessary to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of irrigation purposes. The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality through Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) in hard-rock aquifer system and sustainable water use in Lahar block, Bhind of district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The quality of ground water in major part of the study area is generally good. In order to understand the shallow groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 tube wells irrigation water. The primary physical and chemical parameters like potential Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3-), carbonate (CO32-), chloride (Cl-), and nitrate (NO3-) were analyzed for (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI. The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and Kellies Ratio (KR) were also derived from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (82.5%+15.0%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. Due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.

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Assessment of natural resources in tunisian Oases: degradation of irrigation water quality and continued overexploitation of groundwater

Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration ◽

10.1007/s41207-020-00234-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Latifa Dhaouadi ◽

Houda Besser ◽

Nissaf karbout ◽

Fatma Wassar ◽

Abdel Rassoul Alomrane

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Irrigation Water Quality

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Classification of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes using a comprehensive approach based on the AHP and GIS techniques in North Kurdufan Province, Sudan

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01443-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Elsiddig Eldaw ◽

Tao Huang ◽

Adam Khalifa Mohamed ◽

Yahaya Mahama

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Research Effort ◽

Sodium Absorption ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Middle Income ◽

Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽

Deep Aquifers

AbstractDeterioration of groundwater quality due to drastic human interventions is rising at an alarming rate particularly in lower- and middle-income countries. Yet, limited research effort has been devoted to monitoring and ascertaining groundwater quality. The present study develops a comprehensive irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for rating water quality of shallow and deep aquifers in North Kurdufan province, Sudan. The new approach is developed to overcome the deficiencies of the existing irrigation indices and coming up with a unified decision for classifying water quality for irrigation purposes. Because of these indices like permeability index (PI), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), etc., depending on specific elements, entirely subjective, as well as the great variations in their results, particularly when classifying water quality. Thus, IWQI is created based on eight indices that are generally used to evaluate irrigation water quality, plus three physicochemical parameters have been proven an impact on water quality. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to minimize the subjectivity at assign parameter weights under multiple criteria decision analysis tools (MCDA). The spatial distribution of IWQI agrees with the spatial distribution of the most parameters. The results of our approach reveal that the majority of samples are suitable for irrigation uses for both aquifers except few wells in the confined aquifer. Also, noted that there are very variations in the irrigation indices results for classifying water quality. The comparison result showed that the new index robust, fair calculations and has best classifying of water quality.

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The Contribution of Groundwater to the Salinization of Reservoir-Based Irrigation Systems

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 512

Author(s):

Michiele Gebrehiwet ◽

Nata T. Tafesse ◽

Solomon Habtu ◽

Berhanu F. Alemaw ◽

Kebabonye Laletsang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Cation Exchange ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Groundwater Potential ◽

Hydrochemical Facies ◽

Command Area ◽

Silicate Weathering ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Carbonate Minerals ◽

Watershed Area

This study evaluates the cause of salinization in an irrigation scheme of 100 ha supplied from a reservoir. The scheme is located in Gumselasa catchment (28 km2), Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. The catchment is underlain by limestone–shale–marl intercalations with dolerite intrusion and some recent sediments. Water balance computation, hydrochemical analyses and irrigation water quality analyses methods were used in this investigation. Surface waters (river and reservoir) and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. The water table in the irrigated land is ranging 0.2–2 m below the ground level. The majority of groundwater in the effective watershed area and the river and dam waters are fresh and alkaline whereas in the command area the groundwater is dominantly brackish and alkaline. The main hydrochemical facies in the groundwater in the effective watershed area are Ca-Na-SO4-HCO3, Ca-Na- HCO3-SO4, and Ca-Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3. The river and dam waters are Mg-Na-HCO3-SO4 and HCO3-SO4-Cl types, respectively. In the command area the main hydrochemical facies in the groundwater are Ca-Na-HCO3-SO4 and Ca-Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3. Irrigation water quality analyses revealed that salinity and toxicity hazards increase from the effective watershed to the irrigated land following the direction of the water flow. The results also showed that the analyzed waters for irrigation purpose had no sodicity hazard. The major composition controlling mechanisms in the groundwater chemistry was identified as the dissolution of carbonate minerals, silicate weathering, and cation exchange. One of the impacts of the construction of the dam in the hydrologic environment of the catchment is on its groundwater potential. The dam is indirectly recharging the aquifers and enhances the groundwater potential of the area. This increment of availability of groundwater enhanced dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite, and gypsum), silicate weathering and cation exchange processes, which are the main causes of salinity in the irrigated land. The rising of the brackish groundwater combined with insufficient leaching contributed to secondary salinization development in the irrigated land. Installation of surface and subsurface drainage systems and planting salt tolerant (salt loving) plants are recommended to minimize the risk of salinization and salt accumulation in the soils of the irrigated land.

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