scholarly journals Effects of the Autumn Incorporation of Rice Straw and Application of Lime Nitrogen on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Rice Growth of a High-Yielding Paddy Field in a Cool-Temperate Region in Japan

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1298
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Takakai ◽  
Mimori Goto ◽  
Haruki Watanabe ◽  
Keiko Hatakeyama ◽  
Kentaro Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Set Up

The effects of autumn plowing and lime nitrogen application on rice straw decomposition, CH4 and N2O emission and rice growth in the following year in a high-yielding rice cultivated paddy field were evaluated for two years. The experimental plots were set up, combining different times of rice straw (750 g m−2) incorporation into the soil by plowing (autumn or the following spring), with and without lime nitrogen application in autumn (5 g-N m−2). Autumn plowing promoted the decomposition of rice straw, but the application of lime nitrogen did not show a consistent trend. The soil pH was high (7.3) at the studied site, and the alkaline effect of lime nitrogen may not have been significant. As with straw decomposition, CH4 emissions were suppressed by autumn plowing, and no effect from the lime nitrogen application was observed. It was also suggested that the straw decomposition period may be shorter and the CH4 emissions may be higher in high-yielding cultivars that require a longer ripening period than in normal cultivars. The effect of both treatments on N2O emission was not clear. Both the autumn plowing of rice straw and lime nitrogen application were effective in promoting rice growth and increasing rice yield.

scholarly journals The Effects of Returning Straw and Milk Vetch on Rice Growth and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijin Zhang ◽  
Guoqin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Emission Flux ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Late Rice

The effects of different nitrogen application levels on rice yield and greenhouse gas (NO2, CH4) emissions from rice fields under the combined action of straw and milk vetch. Two treatments were set up in the main area of this experiment: R0 (no straw returned to the field, 0); R1 (amount of straw returned to the field under normal conditions, 6000kg·hm-2). Before turning the straw back into the field, use a circular knife to cut the straw into 10~13cm.And 3 kinds of nitrogen application treatments in the sub-district: N1 (no nitrogen application, 0), N2 (nitrogen application, 15 kg·hm-2), N3 (nitrogen application, 30kg·hm-2), two-factor cross-combination,and a non-nitrogen control CK, total of 7 treatments. The results showed that in 2017, early rice R1N2 treatment increased the most obvious yield, which was 32.44% higher than CK, and late rice R1N1 treatment increased the most significantly, which was 17.91% higher than CK. CH4 emissions is positively correlated with the amount of straw returned to the field, while the amount of N2O is the opposite.The N2O emission flux was highest in the treatment of R1N3, and the CH4 emission flux was the highest in the treatment of R1N2.

scholarly journals Modelling Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice Paddy Wetlands in India Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabassum Abbasi ◽  
Tasneem Abbasi ◽  
Chirchom Luithui ◽  
Shahid Abbas Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Paddy fields, which are shallow man-made wetlands, are estimated to be responsible for ~11% of the total methane emissions attributed to anthropogenic sources. The role of water use in driving these emissions, and the apportioning of the emissions to individual countries engaged in paddy cultivation, are aspects that have been mired in controversy and disagreement. This is largely due to the fact that methane (CH4) emissions not only change with the cultivar type but also regions, climate, soil type, soil conditions, manner of irrigation, type and quantity of fertilizer added—to name a few. The factors which can influence these aspects also encompass a wide range, and have origins in causes which can be physical, chemical, biological, and combinations of these. Exceedingly complex feedback mechanisms, exerting different magnitudes and types of influences on CH4 emissions under different conditions, are operative. Similar is the case of nitrous oxide (N2O); indeed, the present level of understanding of the factors which influence the quantum of its emission is still more patchy. This makes it difficult to even understand precisely the role of the myriad factors, less so model them. The challenge is made even more daunting by the fact that accurate and precise data on most of these aspects is lacking. This makes it nearly impossible to develop analytical models linking causes with effects vis a vis CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields. For situations like this the bioinspired artificial intelligence technique of artificial neural network (ANN), which can model a phenomenon on the basis of past data and without the explicit understanding of the mechanism phenomena, may prove useful. However, no such model for CH4 or N2O has been developed so far. Hence the present work was undertaken. It describes ANN-based models developed by us to predict CH4 and N2O emissions using soil characteristics, fertilizer inputs, and rice cultivar yield as inputs. Upon testing the predictive ability of the models with sets of data not used in model development, it was seen that there was excellent agreement between model forecasts and experimental findings, leading to correlations coefficients of 0.991 and 0.96, and root mean square error (RMSE) of 11.17 and 261.3, respectively, for CH4 and N2O emissions. Thus, the models can be used to estimate CH4 and N2O emissions from all those continuously flooded paddy wetlands for which data on total organic carbon, soil electrical conductivity, applied nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, NPK, and grain yield is available.

scholarly journals Fate of Fertilizer-Derived N Applied to Enhance Rice Straw Decomposition in a Paddy Field during the Fallow Season under Cool Temperature Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Takakai ◽  
Seiya Hirano ◽  
Yuka Harakawa ◽  
Keiko Hatakeyama ◽  
Kentaro Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Rice Straw Decomposition

scholarly journals Response of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Peatlands to Permafrost Thawing in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Northeast China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Sun ◽  
Hongjun Wang ◽  
Changchun Song ◽  
Xin Jin ◽  
Curtis J. Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Xiaoxing’An Mountains ◽  
Thawing Permafrost ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Permafrost Thawing

Permafrost thawing may lead to the release of carbon and nitrogen in high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere, mainly in the form of greenhouse gases. Our research aims to reveal the effects of permafrost thawing on CH4 and N2O emissions from peatlands in Xiaoxing’an Mountains, Northeast China. During four growing seasons (2011–2014), in situ CH4 and N2O emissions were monitored from peatland under permafrost no-thawing, mild-thawing, and severe-thawing conditions in the middle of the Xiaoxing’an Mountains by a static-chamber method. Average CH4 emissions in the severe-thawing site were 55-fold higher than those in the no-thawing site. The seasonal variation of CH4 emission became more aggravated with the intensification of permafrost thawing, in which the emission peaks became larger and the absorption decreased to zero. The increased CH4 emissions were caused by the expansion of the thawing layer and the subsequent increases in soil temperature, water table, and shifts of plant communities. However, N2O emissions did not change with thawing. Permafrost thawing increased CH4 emissions but did not impact N2O emissions in peatlands in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains. Increased CH4 emissions from peatlands in this region may amplify global warming.

scholarly journals Urea Application Rate for Crop Straw Decomposition in Temperate China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
C. Gao ◽  
P. A. Seglah ◽  
Y. Bi
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Microbial Decomposition ◽  
Crop Straw ◽  
Lower Yangtze Region ◽  
Lower Yangtze

Returning straw to the field has become the most important straw utilization method in China. The aim of this research was to study the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied when returning the straw of three major crops (wheat, rice, and corn) to the field in areas under low to high yield levels based on the demand of nitrogen for microbial decomposition of straw. Under the condition of returning 100% straw to the field, we developed the formula for calculating the nitrogen application rate and estimated the urea application rate for the three major grain crops. The results showed that returning straws of wheat, early-season rice, middle-season rice and late-season rice, and corn to the field with urea application at the rate of about 150 kg/ha, 120～135 kg/ha, 75 kg/ha, and 75～90 kg/ha, respectively, can provide sufficient nitrogen for microbial decomposition. The urea application rate for returning 100% wheat straw to the field in Huang-Huai-Hai region, Middle-Lower Yangtze region, Loess plateau region, and Northwest arid region was 135–230 kg/ha, 110–190 kg/ha, 85–145 kg/ha, and 95–165 kg/ha, respectively. 52.5–98.5 kg/ha of urea was used for 100% early rice straw returning to the field in Middle-Lower Yangtze region and South China. In addition, the urea application rate for 100% middle-late rice straw returning to the field was 95–180 kg/ha, 100–185 kg/ha, 95–175 kg/ha, and 75–140 kg/ha, respectively. The rate of urea application for 100% corn straw returning to the field in Northeast China, Huang-Huai-Hai, Northwest arid region, and Southwest China was 60–135 kg/ha, 50–115 kg/ha, 60–135 kg/ha, and 45–105 kg/ha, respectively. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer required for the total return of crop straw is not only affected by crop straw C : N, yield per unit area, and ratio of grass to grain but also affected by straw returning mode, regional nitrogen application level, and other factors. Therefore, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be adjusted according to the type of cropping system, soil, and climatic conditions of the specific location. This substantial N input for stimulating straw decomposition may favor N losses with nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions and hold a potential for soil N eutrophication in the long term if the level is not carefully adjusted to the N requirement of the subsequent crops and changes in soil organic matter levels.

scholarly journals Assessing Seasonal Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Furrow-Irrigated Rice with Cover Crops

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Sandhya Karki ◽  
M. Arlene A. Adviento-Borbe ◽  
Joseph H. Massey ◽  
Michele L. Reba
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Improved irrigation management is identified as a potential mitigation option for methane (CH4) emissions from rice (Oryza sativa). Furrow-irrigated rice (FR), an alternative method to grow rice, is increasingly adopted in the Mid-South U.S. However, FR may provide a potential risk to yield performance and higher emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). This study quantified the grain yields, CH4 and N2O emissions from three different water management practices in rice: multiple-inlet rice irrigation (MIRI), FR, and FR with cereal rye (Secale cereale) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) as preceding winter cover crops (FRCC). CH4 and N2O fluxes were measured from May to September 2019 using a static chamber technique. Grain yield from FR (11.8 Mg ha−1) and MIRI (12.0 Mg ha−1) was similar, and significantly higher than FRCC (8.5 Mg ha−1). FR and FRCC drastically reduced CH4 emissions compared to MIRI. Total seasonal CH4 emissions decreased in the order of 44 > 11 > 3 kg CH4-C ha−1 from MIRI, FR, and FRCC, respectively. Cumulative seasonal N2O emissions were low from MIRI (0.1 kg N2O-N ha−1) but significantly higher from FR (4.4 kg N2O-N ha−1) and FRCC (3.0 kg N2O-N ha−1). However, there was no net difference in global warming potential among FR, FRCC and MIRI. These results suggest that the increased N2O flux from furrow-irrigated rice may not greatly detract from the potential benefits that furrow-irrigation offers rice producers.

scholarly journals Effects of Rice Straw Amendment and Nitrogen Fertilization on Rice Growth and Soil Properties in Reclaimed Tidal Paddy Field

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Sanghun Lee ◽  
Hui-Su Bae ◽  
Soo-Hwan Lee ◽  
Kyeong-Bo Lee ◽  
Tae-Hwan Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Straw Amendment

Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Subtropical Agricultural Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 641-642 ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Hui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
N2o Flux ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Flooding Time

N2O emissions have been increasing in recent years due to intensive agricultural practices. This study was conducted to evaluate N2O emissions from a subtropical paddy field of south China with closed static chamber and a gas chromatograph in situ in the second crop season. Gas samples were taken simultaneously from rice-involved and rice-free plots. It showed that diurnal variation of N2O emission was more regular at the booting stage. The diurnal mean N2O flux of rice-involved plot was higher than that of rice-free plot during flooding time but lower during the drying time. It showed no significant correlation between N2O flux and temperature. The N2O flux was affected by soil water regime. Rice paddy field in growing season is a N2O source to atmosphere.

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