scholarly journals Control of Apple Replant Disease Using Mixed Cropping with Brassica juncea or Allium fistulosum

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Gongshuai Wang ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Xuesen Chen ◽  
Xiang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Allium Fistulosum ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease

Evidence indicates that Allium and Brassica species which release bioactive compounds are widely used in bio-fumigation to suppress soil-borne diseases. However, the active molecules of such plant residues are easily volatilized. In this study, we conducted mixed cropping of the apple tree with Allium fistulosum or Brassica juncea; the results demonstrated that such mixed cropping significantly improved the growth of the grafted apple seedlings and alleviated apple replant disease (ARD) for two years. The terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism profile results showed that the soil fungal community demonstrated distinct variation and diversity in terms of composition. A. fistulosum and B. juncea significantly improved the Margalef, Pielou, and Shannon indices. In addition, the analyses of clone libraries showed that A. fistulosum and B. juncea promoted the proliferation of antagonistic fungi such as Mortierella, Trichoderma, and Penicillium, and inhibited the proliferation of pathogens such as Fusarium. Fusarium. Proliferatum (F. proliferatum) was abundant in replanted soil and proved to be an aggressive pathogen of apple seedlings. Our findings thus indicate that apple tree mixed cropping with A. fistulosum and B. juncea was an effective long-term method for modifying the resident fungal community and alleviating ARD.

Root exposure to apple replant disease soil triggers local defense response and rhizoplane microbiome dysbiosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Balbín-Suárez ◽  
Samuel Jacquiod ◽  
Annmarie-Deetja Rohr ◽  
Benye Liu ◽  
Henryk Flachowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Defense ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease

Abstract A soil column split-root experiment was designed to investigate the ability of apple replant disease (ARD) causing agents to spread in soil. ‘M26’ apple rootstocks grew into a top layer of Control soil, followed by a barrier-free split-soil layer (Control soil/ARD soil). We observed a severely reduced root growth, concomitant with enhanced gene expression of phytoalexin biosynthetic genes and phytoalexin content in roots from ARD soil, indicating a pronounced local plant defense response. Amplicon sequencing (bacteria, archaea, fungi) revealed local shifts in diversity and composition of microorganisms in the rhizoplane of roots from ARD soil. An enrichment of OTUs affiliated to potential ARD fungal pathogens (Ilyonectria and Nectria sp.) and bacteria frequently associated with ARD (Streptomyces, Variovorax) was noted. In conclusion, our integrated study supports the idea of ARD being local and not spreading into surrounding soil, as only the roots in ARD soil were affected in terms of growth, phytoalexin biosynthetic gene expression, phytoalexin production, and altered microbiome structure. This study further reinforces the microbiological nature of ARD, being likely triggered by a disturbed soil microbiome enriched with low mobility ARD-causing agents that induce a strong plant defense and rhizoplane microbiome dysbiosis, concurring with root damage.

Formation and exudation of biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins by roots of the apple rootstock M26 grown in apple replant disease soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 112972
Author(s):  
Belnaser A. Busnena ◽  
Till Beuerle ◽  
Felix Mahnkopp-Dirks ◽  
Traud Winkelmann ◽  
Ludger Beerhues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease

Long-term effects of preplant liming on apple trees and soil cation levels

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-549
Author(s):  
G. H. Neilsen ◽  
E. J. Hogue ◽  
P. B. Hoyt
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Orchard Soil ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Key Words Apple

Nine years after liming a sandy loam orchard soil to pH 6.0 with calcium hydroxide or dolomitic lime, pH and extractable Ca and Mg were still higher where limed than where unlimed. However, pH had decreased below 5.0 in the limed and N-fertilized plots. Delicious (Malus domestica Borkh.) apple tree nutrition benefited from the two soil amendments. Leaf Mg was increased by dolomite. Leaf Ca was increased by calcium hydroxide. Leaf Mn, although highest in unlimed soils, increased over time for both limed and unlimed soil. Key words: Apple, lime application, reacidification

Induction and diagnosis of apple replant disease (ARD): a matter of heterogeneous soil properties?

2018 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Mahnkopp ◽  
Margaux Simon ◽  
Eva Lehndorff ◽  
Stefan Pätzold ◽  
Andreas Wrede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Apple Replant Disease ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Heterogeneous Soil

scholarly journals Effect of Lupine Straw on Potato Yield and Biological State of Soddy-Podzolic Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
I. Rusakova
Keyword(s):  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Soddy Podzolic Soil ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
General Level ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Leguminous Crops

Post-harvest plant residues, mainly straw of cereals and legumes, are the most important readily available biological resource for the reproduction of soil fertility. However, the data on their effectiveness and influence on the biological properties of the soil in the scientific literature are not unambiguous and contradictory. The results of long-term experiments on the study of the effectiveness of post-harvest residues of various crops are very few. The role of lupine as a green manure for increasing the productivity of potatoes is well studied, however, there are practically no data on the effect of lupine straw grown for grain on potato productivity. Studies in a long-term field experiment have established that the incorporation of lupine straw into the soil (against the background of the previous long-term introduction of straw of grain and leguminous crops of grain-tilled crop rotation), both in combination with mineral fertilizers and in pure form, contributed to an increase in the number of ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms, microbial biomass, nitrification activity of soddy-podzolic soil. The activation of microbial activity, increasing the supply of plants with available nutrients, promoted an increase in potato productivity, as well as an increase in the content of vitamin C and starchiness of tubers. A close correlation was noted between potato yield and determined microbiological parameters (r = 0.62–0.87), which indicates that the general level of biogenicity of soddy-podzolic soil, regulated by the introduction of straw of grain and leguminous crops, largely determines the level of its effective fertility and crop productivity.

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