Evolving Multiple Resistance to EPSPS, GS, ALS, PSI, PPO, and Synthetic Auxin Herbicides in Dominican Republic Parthenium hysterophorus Populations. A Physiological and Biochemical Study

Two Parthenium hysterophorus populations resistant (R) and susceptible (S) harvested in banana crop from the Dominican Republic were studied. All S plants died when the herbicides were applied at field dose, except with paraquat. For the R population, the order of plant survival was as follows: glyphosate and paraquat > flazasulfuron > glufosinate > fomesafen > 2,4-D. The resistance factors obtained in the dose–response assays showed a high resistance to glyphosate, flazasulfuron, and fomesafen, medium resistance to glufosinate and 2,4-D, and a natural tolerance to paraquat (resistance factor (RF) = 1.0). The I50 values obtained in the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), acetolactate synthase (ALS), and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity studies with glyphosate, flazasulfuron, and glufosinate, respectively, were greater in R than in S. The effect of fomesafen was measured by the Proto IX levels, obtaining five times more Proto IX in the S than in the R population. The resistance to 2,4-D in the R was determined by the lower accumulation of ethylene compared to the S population. The studies with 14C-paraquat conclude that the lower absorption and translocation in both the R and S populations would explain the natural tolerance of P. hysterophorus. This is the first case of multiple resistance to herbicides with different mechanisms of action confirmed in P. hysterophorus.

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INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN OXIDASE INHIBITOR HERBICIDES IN WILD POINSETTIA

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340300018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 575-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.P. BRUSAMARELLO ◽

P.H. OLIVEIRA ◽

M.M. TREZZI ◽

E. XAVIER ◽

E.D. DALOSTO

Keyword(s):

Single Gene ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Female Parent ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Oxidase Inhibitor ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽

First Case ◽

Resistance To Herbicides ◽

F1 Generation

ABSTRACT Weed resistance to herbicides is a major global problem for agriculture. In recent years, the increased use of herbicides, without proper planning, has led to a large increase in the number of cases of weed biotypes that are resistant to one or more herbicide mechanism of action. Wild poinsettia biotypes (Euphorbia heterophylla), discovered in the State of Paraná, with resistance to herbicides that inhibit protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) and acetolactate synthase (ALS), are the first case to exhibit multiple resistance in Brazil. This study analyzed the genetic inheritance of PROTOX inhibiting herbicide resistance in E. heterophylla. Crosses were conducted between biotypes that were susceptible (female parent) and those carrying multiple resistance to ALS and PROTOX inhibitors (male parent) to obtain the F1 generation. Backcrosses were performed (RC1 and RC2) and the F1 generation was advanced to F2. F1, F2, RC1, RC2 generation plants and their parents were subjected to applications of the herbicide fomesafen (250 g i.a. ha-1). The observed frequencies in the F2 generation were not different from the expected frequency of 3:1. All RC2 individuals were resistant, while the RC1 population showed a 1:1 segregation, which would be expected when a single gene controls the trait. Thus, it can be inferred that E. heterophylla resistance to PROTOX-inhibiting herbicides is conditioned by a single and dominant nuclear gene.

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Multiple resistance of Conyza sumatrensis to three mechanisms of action of herbicides

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.42485 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e42485 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht ◽

Vinicius Gabriel Caneppele Pereira ◽

Cristian Natalino Zanfrilli de Souza ◽

Luiz Henrique Saes Zobiole ◽

Leandro Paiola Albrecht ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Grain Production ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Resistance Factors ◽

First Case ◽

Resistance To Herbicides ◽

Weed Resistance

Fleabane (Conyza spp.) is an important weed in grain production systems and is currently one of the most problematic weeds in Brazil. An important factor related to weeds such as fleabane is the characteristic of herbicide-resistant biotypes developed under selection pressure, with multiple resistance previously detected for Conyza spp. Thus, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the multiple resistance of Conyza sumatrensis to the herbicides paraquat, glyphosate, and chlorimuron. From the F2 seeds of biotypes with suspected resistance to paraquat, glyphosate, and chlorimuron, dose-response greenhouse experiments were conducted for the three herbicides. Herbicides were applied when the plants had 6-8 leaves that were at a height of 8 cm. At the end of the evaluations, 28 days after application, multiple resistance to paraquat, glyphosate, and chlorimuron was observed, with resistance factors (RF50) for the control of 7.43, 3.58, and 14.35 and for the reduction of dry mass of 2.65, 2.79, and 11.31, respectively. All the established criteria for demonstrating new cases of weed resistance were met; thus, the first case worldwide of a Conyza species with resistance to herbicides with three different mechanisms of action was confirmed.

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Multiple Resistance to Synthetic Auxin Herbicides and Glyphosate in Parthenium hysterophorus Occurring in Citrus Orchards

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03988 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (36) ◽

pp. 10010-10017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrés D. Mora ◽

Jesús Rosario ◽

Antonia M. Rojano-Delgado ◽

Candelario Palma-Bautista ◽

Joel Torra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Synthetic Auxin ◽

Auxin Herbicides ◽

Citrus Orchards

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Paraquat Resistance of Sumatran Fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis)

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L.H.S. ZOBIOLE ◽

V.G.C. PEREIRA ◽

A.J.P. ALBRECHT ◽

R.S. RUBIN ◽

F.S. ADEGAS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Logistic Model ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Response Curves ◽

Resistance Factors ◽

First Case ◽

Conyza Bonariensis ◽

Western Area ◽

Paraquat Resistance ◽

Weed Resistance

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, some populations of Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis are glyphosate resistant and there are populations of C. sumatrensis (Sumatran fleabane) presenting multiple resistance to both glyphosate and chlorimuron. During the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons, growers reported failures to control Sumatran fleabane with paraquat. This study investigated the potential of paraquat resistant Sumatran fleabane populations in Paraná state, Brazil. Populations with suspected paraquat resistance were tested in the field in 2016 season. In 2017, seeds from these populations were collected, sown and grown in a greenhouse. Paraquat dose-response curve experiments were performed in Mogi Mirim, SP; Londrina, PR and Palotina, PR using doses of 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600 and 3,200 g ha-1, following all standard criteria for confirmation of weed resistance cases. Percentage control was assessed at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application and data were fitted to a nonlinear, log-logistic model, and dose response curves were generated. The results of this study confirmed significant levels of resistance of Sumatran fleabane biotypes to paraquat with resistance factors between 3,57 to 34,29. Therefore, the first case of C. sumatrensis resistance to paraquat was confirmed in biotypes from the western area of Paraná state, Brazil.

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Multiple resistance to PPO and ALS inhibitors in redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroﬂexus)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2019.61 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Hao Wang ◽

Hengzhi Wang ◽

Ning Zhao ◽

Baolin Zhu ◽

Penglei Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽

Target Site ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Redroot Pigweed ◽

First Case ◽

Als Inhibitors

Abstract A redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroﬂexus L.) population (HN-02) collected from Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province, exhibited multiple resistance to fomesafen and nicosulfuron. The purposes of this study were to characterize the herbicide resistance status of an HN-02 population for both acetolactate synthase (ALS) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors and the response to other herbicides and to investigate the target site-based mechanism governing fomesafen and nicosulfuron resistance. Three mutations, Ala-205-Val and Trp-574-Leu mutations in the ALS gene and an Arg-128-Gly mutation in the PPX2 gene, were identified in individual resistant plants. An HN-02F1-1 subpopulation homozygous for the Ala-205-Val and Arg-128-Gly mutations was generated, and whole-plant experiments confirmed multiple resistance to PPO inhibitors (fomesafen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, and acifluorfen) and ALS inhibitors (imidazolinones [IMI], sulfonylureas [SU], and triazolopyrimidines [TP]) in the HN-02F1-1 plants, which presented resistance index values ranging from 8.3 to 110; however, these plants were sensitive to flumioxazin, fluroxypyr-meptyl, and 2,4-D butylate. In vitro ALS enzyme activity assays revealed that, compared with ALS from susceptible plants, ALS from the HN-02F1-1 plants was 15-, 28- and 320-fold resistant to flumetsulam, nicosulfuron, and imazethapyr, respectively. This study confirms the first case of multiple resistance to PPO and ALS inhibitors in A. retroﬂexus and determines that the target-site resistance mechanism was produced by Ala-205-Val and Arg-128-Gly mutations in the ALS gene and PPX2 gene, respectively. In particular, the Ala-205-Val mutation was found to endow resistance to three classes of ALS inhibitors: TP, SU, and IMI.

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Multiple resistance to glyphosate and imazethapyr in Bidens subalternans

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-7054201943009919 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Rafael Romero Mendes ◽

Fernando Storniolo Adegas ◽

Hudson Kagueyama Takano ◽

Vanessa Francieli Vital Silva ◽

Fellipe Goulart Machado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Future Research ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Ammonium Glufosinate ◽

First Case ◽

Rf Values ◽

Als Inhibitors ◽

Production Areas ◽

Control Failures

ABSTRACT Glyphosate has been widely used to control greater beggarticks populations that are resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors in South America. However, herbicide control failures has been observed over the last three growing seasons in grain production areas of Paraguay. In this research, we report the first case of multiple resistance to glyphosate (EPSPs) and imazethapyr (ALS) in greater beggarticks (Bidens subalternans) population from Paraguay. This conclusion was supported by dose-response experiments conducted in two consecutive years (2018 and 2019) with a putative resistant (R) and a susceptible (S) population. Alternative herbicides were also tested for post-emergence control of R population. For glyphosate, the resistant factor (RF) values were 8.8- (2018) and 15.7-fold (2019). For imazethapyr, the RF values were 59- and 58-fold, in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Treatments with 2,4-D, dicamba, 2,4-D + glyphosate, dicamba + glyphosate, lactofen, fomesafen, ammonium-glufosinate, atrazine, and bentazon provided more than 80% control of the R population. This is the first case of multiple resistance to glyphosate and imazethapyr in greater beggarticks (Bidens subalternans) in the world. The mechanisms underlying resistance in this biotype should be evaluated in future research.

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Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Euphorbia heterophylla Biotypes and their Relation to Cross Resistance to ALS and Protox Inhibitors

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100138 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. XAVIER ◽

M.M. TREZZI ◽

M.C. OLIVEIRA ◽

R.A. VIDAL ◽

A.P. BRUSAMARELLO

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽

Resistance Factors ◽

Resistance To Herbicides ◽

Als Inhibitors ◽

The One ◽

Chemical Groups

ABSTRACT: The characteristics of multiple resistance in Euphorbia heterophylla biotypes to herbicides that are inhibitors of ALS (Acetolactate synthase) and PPO (Protoporphyrinogen oxidase) and their responsible mechanisms are still not completely elucidated. The objectives of this study were to identify cross-resistance to herbicides from different chemical groups of ALS inhibitors (imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, pyrimidyl benzoates and sulfonanilides) and also PPO inhibitors (diphenylethers, phthalamides, oxadiazoles, triazolinones and pyrimidinediones) in E. heterophylla biotypes with multiple resistance to these herbicides; to analyze whether the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) constitute mechanisms that are responsible for the resistance to PPO inhibitors. Initially, the response to doses of herbicides from these different chemical groups was determined, using doses below and above the one recommended for the species. The control of E. heterophylla was determined, estimating the required doses for a 50 and 80% control reduction and calculating the resistance factors. The constitutive and induced activities of the SOD and POD enzymes were also determined. The results confirmed cross-resistance for all chemical groups of ALS and PPO inhibitors in the Bom Sucesso do Sul and Vitorino biotypes. The constitutive and induced activities of the SOD and POD enzymes were superior in plants from the E. heterophylla biotypes Vitorino and Bom Sucesso do Sul, contributing to their resistance to PPO inhibiting herbicides.

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Nontarget site resistance in Palmer amaranth [Amaranthus palmeri(S.) Wats.] confers cross-resistance to protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicides

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2019.12 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 349-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vijay K. Varanasi ◽

Chad Brabham ◽

Nicholas E. Korres ◽

Jason K. Norsworthy

Keyword(s):

Resistance Index ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Palmer Amaranth ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase ◽

First Case ◽

Sites Of Action ◽

Als Inhibitor ◽

Biomass Reduction

AbstractPalmer amaranth is one of the most problematic weeds in cropping systems of North America, especially in midsouthern United States, because of its competitive ability and propensity to evolve resistance to several herbicide sites of action. Previously, we confirmed and characterized the first case of nontarget site resistance (NTSR) to fomesafen in a Palmer amaranth accession from Randolph County, AR (RCA). The primary basis of the present study was to evaluate the cross- and multiple-resistance profile of the RCA accession. The fomesafen dose-response assay in the presence of malathion revealed a lower level of RCA resistance when compared with fomesafen alone. The resistance index of the RCA accession, based on 50% biomass reduction, ranged from 63-fold (fomesafen alone) to 22-fold (malathion plus fomesafen), when compared with a 2007 susceptible, and 476-fold and 167-fold, respectively, relative to a 1986 susceptible check. The RCA accession was resistant to other protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors (i.e., flumioxazin, acifluorfen, saflufenacil) as well as the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor tembotrione and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor pyrithiobac sodium. Sequencing of theALSgene revealed no point mutations, indicating that a target-site mechanism is not involved in conferring ALS-inhibitor resistance in the RCA accession. Of the three PPO-inhibiting herbicides tested in combination with the malathion, saflufenacil resulted in the greatest biomass reduction (80%;P< 0.05) and lowest survival rate (23%;P< 0.05) relative to nontreated plants. The application of cytochrome P450 or glutathioneS-transferase inhibitors with fomesafen did not lead to any adverse effects on soybean, suggesting a possible role for these compounds for management of NTSR under field conditions. These results shed light on the relative unpredictability of NTSR in conferring herbicide cross- and multiple resistance in Palmer amaranth.

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Acetolactate synthase activity in Euphorbia heterophylla resistant to ALS- and protox- inhibiting herbicides

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582013000400013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 867-874 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E. Xavier ◽

M.C. Oliveira ◽

M.M. Trezzi ◽

R.A. Vidal ◽

F. Diesel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Susceptible Population ◽

Resistance Factors ◽

Als Inhibitors ◽

High Inhibitory Effect

The objective of this study was to determine the activity of the enzyme acetolactate synthase in biotypes of wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla) with multiple resistance to ALS- and Protox- inhibitors in the presence and absence of imazapyr, imazethapyr and nicosulfuron. We conducted in vitro assay of ALS enzyme extracted from plants of Vitorino, Bom Sucesso do Sul and Medianeira biotypes (with multiple resistance) and a susceptible population in the absence and presence of imazapyr, imazethapyr and nicosulfuron. In the absence of herbicides, biotypes with multiple resistance showed higher affinity for the substrate of the enzyme compared with the susceptible population. The herbicides imazapyr, imazethapyr and nicosulfuron had little effect on the enzyme activity of ALS-resistant biotypes and, conversely, high inhibitory effect on ALS of the susceptible population. Resistance factors were very high, greater than 438, 963 and 474 for Vitorino, Bom Sucesso do Sul and Medianeira biotypes, respectively. The resistance to ALS inhibitors is due to the insensitivity of ALS to herbicides of both imidazolinone and sulfonylurea groups, characterizing a cross-resistance.

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Controlling Herbicide-Resistant Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Phenotypes with Methiozolin

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2017.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 470-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

James T. Brosnan ◽

Jose J. Vargas ◽

Gregory K. Breeden ◽

Sarah L. Boggess ◽

Margaret A. Staton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Target Site ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Annual Bluegrass ◽

Microtubule Inhibitors ◽

Effective Option ◽

Target Site Resistance ◽

Susceptible Control ◽

Als Inhibitors

Methiozolin is an isoxazoline herbicide being investigated for selective POST annual bluegrass control in managed turfgrass. Research was conducted to evaluate methiozolin efficacy for controlling two annual bluegrass phenotypes with target-site resistance to photosystem II (PSII) or enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-inhibiting herbicides (i.e., glyphosate), as well as phenotypes with multiple resistance to microtubule and EPSPS or PSII and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. All resistant phenotypes were established in glasshouse culture along with a known herbicide-susceptible control and treated with methiozolin at 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, or 8000 g ai ha−1. Methiozolin effectively controlled annual bluegrass with target-site resistance to inhibitors of EPSPS, PSII, as well as multiple resistance to EPSPS and microtubule inhibitors. Methiozolin rates required to reduce aboveground biomass of these resistant phenotypes 50% (GR50 values) were not significantly different from the susceptible control, ranging from 159 to 421 g ha−1. A phenotype with target-site resistance to PSII and ALS inhibitors was less sensitive to methiozolin (GR50=862 g ha−1) than a susceptible phenotype (GR50=423 g ha−1). Our findings indicate that methiozolin is an effective option for controlling select annual bluegrass phenotypes with target-site resistance to several herbicides.

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