scholarly journals Hidden Diversity of Crown Rust Resistance within Genebank Resources of Avena sterilis L.

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Edyta Paczos-Grzęda ◽  
Maja Boczkowska ◽  
Sylwia Sowa ◽  
Aneta Koroluk ◽  
Joanna Toporowska
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Infection Pattern ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Pathogen

The most widespread and damaging fungal disease of the oat plant is crown rust. Resistance to the crown rust pathogen, Puccinia coronata Cda. f. sp. avenae (Pca), at the seedling stage of Avena sterilis accessions from the Polish national genebank was characterised by five North American and Polish pathotypes of Pca of diverse pathogenicity. Pca pathogenicity was determined on a series of 34 differential lines carrying known seedling resistance genes. Seventy-five percent of studied accessions showed a heterogeneous infection pattern, 17% behaved as homogenous susceptibles, and 7% of tested genotypes could be unambiguously described as resistant. This study proved that A. sterilis accessions preserved in a genebank as complex populations could be a very valuable source of resistance to crown rust. The complexity of analysed populations was ascertained by a detailed variance analysis of transformed resistance/susceptibility data. We demonstrate here that hidden sources of resistance may be discovered in accessions with general susceptibility.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Resistance to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in Avena fatua

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2616-2624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Paczos-Grzeda ◽  
Sylwia Sowa ◽  
Aneta Koroluk ◽  
Tim Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Infection Pattern ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance

Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, is the most widespread and harmful fungal disease of oat. The best defense against the pathogen is use of cultivars with genetic resistance, which is effective, economic, and an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical control. However, the continuous evolution of the pathogen can rapidly overcome major gene resistance, creating an urgent need to identify new sources. Wild oat accessions have already proven to be valuable donors of many resistance genes, but the weed species Avena fatua remains underexploited. Its abundance across multiple environments and the frequent occurrence of herbicide-resistant populations demonstrate its ready ability to adapt to biotic and abiotic stresses; yet, surprisingly, there are no extensive studies which describe crown rust resistance occurrence in gene bank stocks of A. fatua. In this study, 204 accessions of A. fatua maintained in the collections of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Polish National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources were evaluated at the seedling stage for crown rust reaction using host–pathogen tests with five highly diverse and virulent races of P. coronata. Of tested genotypes, 85% showed a heterogeneous infection pattern, while 61% were susceptible or moderately susceptible to all races. Of the 79 resistant A. fatua accessions, seedling resistance to at least two P. coronata isolates was recognized within 19 accessions, with 13 displaying a homogeneously resistant phenotype to one or two races. Accessions showing multiple single seedling resistance to three or four isolates were observed. Based on the seedling reaction to isolates used in the study, 18 infection profiles (IP) were determined. Using UPGMA clustering, resistant accessions were divided into six main clusters encompassing samples with similar IPs. Twelve of 18 patterns allowed us to postulate the likely presence of novel crown rust resistance genes, whose origin was predominantly from Kenya or Egypt. Future work will clarify the genetic basis of the resistances observed here, as well as confirm their potential utility in breeding resistant oat cultivars.

The inheritance of resistance to Puccinia coronata and of floret characters in Avena sterilis

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. L. Wong ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
D. E. Harder ◽  
J. W. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Genes

The inheritance of resistance to Puccinia coronata, awn development, lemma pubescence, and lemma color were studied in the Avena sterilis accessions CAV 4248, CAV 4656, and CAV 4904. Three independent, partially dominant genes (Pc-64, Pc-65, Pc-66) in CAV 4248, one partially dominant gene (Pc-67) in CAV 4656, and a dominant gene (Pc-68) in CAV 4904 were identified which conferred resistance to P. coronata. Genes Pc-64, Pc-65, Pc-66, Pc-67, and Pc-68 conferred resistance to 13, 8, 6, 12, and 14 races, respectively, of the 14 races of P. coronata tested. Gene Pc-68 conferred resistance to all field isolates of P. coronata collected in Canada in 1981 and was found to be closely linked or allelic to gene Pc-46. Awns and lemma pubescence were inherited monogenically in crosses with all three CAV accessions. Grey lemma color was controlled by one gene in CAV 4248 and by two genes in CAV 4656. Brown lemma color was controlled by one gene, which was closely linked or pleiotropic with the gene for lemma pubescence in CAV 4904. There was no association between crown rust resistance and the three floret characters studied.

VIRULENCE OF UREDIAL AND AECIAL ISOLATES OF PUCCINIA CORONATA CORDA F.SP. AVENAE IDENTIFIED IN CANADA FROM 1952 TO 1966

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Oat Breeding

Isolates of Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae collected during a 15-year period were tested for virulence on the crown rust differential oat varieties. The proportion of cultures virulent on Landhafer increased relative to others during this period, and was related to the release in the United States of commercial varieties that contained this type of resistance. These varieties served to reduce the proportion of races avirulent on Landhafer in the crown rust population that reached Canada.The occurrence and subsequent increase in frequency of isolates virulent on Victoria was correlated with the release of the oat varieties Rodney and Garry which possess part of the crown rust resistance of Victoria. The increased proportion of cultures that attacked Ukraine also paralleled the release of these two commercial varieties. This suggests that Ukraine either contains the Victoria Pc-11 gene for crown rust resistance that was transferred to Rodney and Garry, or that it contains another gene in common with these varieties.Races of crown rust that are differentially virulent on the varieties Landhafer and Santa Fe have recently been found in Canada. One culture was virulent on the variety Bondvic but not on Trispernia. No increase in race 264 of crown rust, which attacks all the differential sources of resistance except Saia, has been observed since it was first identified in Canada in 1957.Presentation of the virulence of crown rust isolates for individual types of resistance was found to express the results of race surveys in terms which were more meaningful to the oat breeding program. This form of analysis also produced valuable information on the possible relationships of genes for resistance in different oat varieties not readily obtainable from conventional information on the occurrence and distribution of physiologic races of crown rust.

scholarly journals Preliminary screening of Avena sterilis L. for resistance to crown rust

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
SYLWIA SOWA
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

The best source of crown rust resistance genes (Pc) in genus Avena is a wild hexaploid A. sterilis L. In this study, accessions of A. sterilis gathered from European and North American gene banks, originated from 21 countries were evaluated at the seedling stage for crown rust reaction using the host–pathogen test and two Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae isolates. Of the 45 oat accessions analyzed, 12 were resistant to one crown rust race (3.2). Resistance to both pathotypes used in the study was observed in two of the accessions, first of which was collected in Libya (AVE 2532) and second in Portugal (CN 26036). Further research is required to evaluate the genetic background of the discovered resistance, however, obtained results provide a valuable first step in the identification of new promising crown rust resistance sources.

INHERITANCE OF CROWN RUST RESISTANCE IN THREE ACCESSIONS OF AVENA STERILIS

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Harder ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
J. W. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Oat Crown Rust ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Resistance Spectrum ◽  
Dominant Genes

The inheritance of resistance to oat crown rust was studied in three accessions of Avena sterilis L. Accession CAV 4274 originated from Morocco, CAV 4540 from Algeria, and CAV 3695 from Tunisia. Seedling rust tests on F2 backcross families indicated the presence of two dominant genes for crown rust resistance in CAV 4274. One of these, a gene conditioning resistance to most races tested, was linked or allelic to gene Pc-38, and was designated gene Pc-62. The second gene conferred resistance only to one of the six races studied, and was not tested further. In CAV 4540, a single dominant gene, Pc-63 was possibly allelic with Pc-62 and linked or allelic to Pc-38. Genes Pc-62 and 63 are generally similar to Pc-38 in their resistance spectrum, but these three genes are differentiated by races CR 102, CR 103, and CR 107. A single dominant gene in CAV 3695 appeared to be Pc-50.

scholarly journals Discovery and Chromosomal Location a Highly Effective Oat Crown Rust Resistance Gene Pc50-5

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 11183
Author(s):  
Joanna Toporowska ◽  
Sylwia Sowa ◽  
Andrzej Kilian ◽  
Aneta Koroluk ◽  
Edyta Paczos-Grzęda
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Oat Cultivars

Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of oat worldwide. Growing disease-resistant oat cultivars is the preferred method of preventing the spread of rust and potential epidemics. The object of the study was Pc50-5, a race-specific seedling crown rust resistant gene, highly effective at all growth stages, selected from the differential line Pc50 (Avena sterilis L. CW 486-1 × Pendek). A comparison of crown rust reaction as well as an allelism test showed the distinctiveness of Pc50-5, whereas the proportions of phenotypes in segregating populations derived from a cross with two crown rust-susceptible Polish oat cultivars, Kasztan × Pc50-5 and Bingo × Pc50-5, confirmed monogenic inheritance of the gene, indicating its usefulness in oat breeding programs. Effective gene introgression depends on reliable gene identification in the early stages of plant development; thus, the aim of the study was to develop molecular markers that are tightly linked to Pc50-5. Segregating populations of Kasztan × Pc50-5 were genotyped using DArTseq technology based on next-generation Illumina short-read sequencing. Markers associated with Pc50-5 were located on chromosome 6A of the current version of the oat reference genome (Avena sativa OT3098 v2, PepsiCo) in the region between 434,234,214 and 440,149,046 bp and subsequently converted to PCR-based SCAR (sequence-characterized amplified region) markers. Furthermore, 5426978_SCAR and 24031809_SCAR co-segregated with the Pc50-5 resistance allele and were mapped to the partial linkage group at 0.6 and 4.0 cM, respectively. The co-dominant 58163643_SCAR marker was the best diagnostic and it was located closest to Pc50-5 at 0.1 cM. The newly discovered, very strong monogenic crown rust resistance may be useful for oat improvement. DArTseq sequences converted into specific PCR markers will be a valuable tool for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.

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