scholarly journals Characteristics of Resistance to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae in Avena fatua

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 2616-2624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Paczos-Grzeda ◽  
Sylwia Sowa ◽  
Aneta Koroluk ◽  
Tim Langdon
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Infection Pattern ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance

Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, is the most widespread and harmful fungal disease of oat. The best defense against the pathogen is use of cultivars with genetic resistance, which is effective, economic, and an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical control. However, the continuous evolution of the pathogen can rapidly overcome major gene resistance, creating an urgent need to identify new sources. Wild oat accessions have already proven to be valuable donors of many resistance genes, but the weed species Avena fatua remains underexploited. Its abundance across multiple environments and the frequent occurrence of herbicide-resistant populations demonstrate its ready ability to adapt to biotic and abiotic stresses; yet, surprisingly, there are no extensive studies which describe crown rust resistance occurrence in gene bank stocks of A. fatua. In this study, 204 accessions of A. fatua maintained in the collections of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Polish National Centre for Plant Genetic Resources were evaluated at the seedling stage for crown rust reaction using host–pathogen tests with five highly diverse and virulent races of P. coronata. Of tested genotypes, 85% showed a heterogeneous infection pattern, while 61% were susceptible or moderately susceptible to all races. Of the 79 resistant A. fatua accessions, seedling resistance to at least two P. coronata isolates was recognized within 19 accessions, with 13 displaying a homogeneously resistant phenotype to one or two races. Accessions showing multiple single seedling resistance to three or four isolates were observed. Based on the seedling reaction to isolates used in the study, 18 infection profiles (IP) were determined. Using UPGMA clustering, resistant accessions were divided into six main clusters encompassing samples with similar IPs. Twelve of 18 patterns allowed us to postulate the likely presence of novel crown rust resistance genes, whose origin was predominantly from Kenya or Egypt. Future work will clarify the genetic basis of the resistances observed here, as well as confirm their potential utility in breeding resistant oat cultivars.

scholarly journals Hidden Diversity of Crown Rust Resistance within Genebank Resources of Avena sterilis L.

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Edyta Paczos-Grzęda ◽  
Maja Boczkowska ◽  
Sylwia Sowa ◽  
Aneta Koroluk ◽  
Joanna Toporowska
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Infection Pattern ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Pathogen

The most widespread and damaging fungal disease of the oat plant is crown rust. Resistance to the crown rust pathogen, Puccinia coronata Cda. f. sp. avenae (Pca), at the seedling stage of Avena sterilis accessions from the Polish national genebank was characterised by five North American and Polish pathotypes of Pca of diverse pathogenicity. Pca pathogenicity was determined on a series of 34 differential lines carrying known seedling resistance genes. Seventy-five percent of studied accessions showed a heterogeneous infection pattern, 17% behaved as homogenous susceptibles, and 7% of tested genotypes could be unambiguously described as resistant. This study proved that A. sterilis accessions preserved in a genebank as complex populations could be a very valuable source of resistance to crown rust. The complexity of analysed populations was ascertained by a detailed variance analysis of transformed resistance/susceptibility data. We demonstrate here that hidden sources of resistance may be discovered in accessions with general susceptibility.

VIRULENCE OF UREDIAL AND AECIAL ISOLATES OF PUCCINIA CORONATA CORDA F.SP. AVENAE IDENTIFIED IN CANADA FROM 1952 TO 1966

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1693-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fleischmann
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Physiologic Races ◽  
Oat Breeding

Isolates of Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae collected during a 15-year period were tested for virulence on the crown rust differential oat varieties. The proportion of cultures virulent on Landhafer increased relative to others during this period, and was related to the release in the United States of commercial varieties that contained this type of resistance. These varieties served to reduce the proportion of races avirulent on Landhafer in the crown rust population that reached Canada.The occurrence and subsequent increase in frequency of isolates virulent on Victoria was correlated with the release of the oat varieties Rodney and Garry which possess part of the crown rust resistance of Victoria. The increased proportion of cultures that attacked Ukraine also paralleled the release of these two commercial varieties. This suggests that Ukraine either contains the Victoria Pc-11 gene for crown rust resistance that was transferred to Rodney and Garry, or that it contains another gene in common with these varieties.Races of crown rust that are differentially virulent on the varieties Landhafer and Santa Fe have recently been found in Canada. One culture was virulent on the variety Bondvic but not on Trispernia. No increase in race 264 of crown rust, which attacks all the differential sources of resistance except Saia, has been observed since it was first identified in Canada in 1957.Presentation of the virulence of crown rust isolates for individual types of resistance was found to express the results of race surveys in terms which were more meaningful to the oat breeding program. This form of analysis also produced valuable information on the possible relationships of genes for resistance in different oat varieties not readily obtainable from conventional information on the occurrence and distribution of physiologic races of crown rust.

scholarly journals New Sources of Adult Plant and Seedling Resistance to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae Identified among Avena sativa Accessions From the National Small Grains Collection

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (11) ◽  
pp. 2180-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belayneh Admassu-Yimer ◽  
Tyler Gordon ◽  
Stephen Harrison ◽  
Shahryar Kianian ◽  
Harold Bockelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Small Grains

Accessions of cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) from the United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service Small Grains Collection in Aberdeen, ID were characterized for adult plant resistance (APR) and seedling resistance to crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae. Initially, 607 oat accessions with diverse geographic origins were evaluated in field tests in Baton Rouge, LA. Of those, 97 accessions were not fully susceptible and were tested in the field in St. Paul, MN against a diverse P. coronata f. sp. avenae population. Thirty-six accessions that had some level of resistance in both field tests and mean coefficients of infection of ≤20 were further evaluated for APR and seedling resistance. Among these, four accessions (PI 193040, PI 194201, PI 237090, and PI 247930) were resistant to eight P. coronata f. sp. avenae races as seedlings. Twenty-nine accessions had resistance to at least one of the P. coronata f. sp. avenae races. Three accessions (CIav 2272, CIav 3390, and PI 285583) were fully susceptible to all eight P. coronata f. sp. avenae races as seedlings. Further evaluation of the three seedling-susceptible accessions at the flag leaf stage in a growth chamber resulted in moderately susceptible to moderately resistant responses. The resistance sources presented here may contain genes not deployed in elite oat varieties, and may be useful for future crown rust resistance breeding. The adult and seedling resistance found in accessions of the cultivated oat species is especially valuable because it avoids problems associated with the transfer of genes from wild species to cultivated oat.

scholarly journals Additional Sources of Broad-Spectrum Resistance to Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae from Canadian Accessions of Avena barbata

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1405-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance

Crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae) is considered the most damaging disease of oat and the use of race-specific seedling (Pc) genes for resistance has been the primary means of control. As these resistance genes from cultivated oat, Avena sativa, and the wild hexaploid animated oat, A. sterilis, were deployed in oat cultivars, corresponding virulence in the U.S. crown rust population increased rapidly, such that the effective lifespan of a resistant cultivar in the United States is now 5 years or less. Introgression of resistance from diploid and tetraploid Avena spp. into hexaploid oat has been difficult due to the difference in ploidy levels and the lack of pairing of homeologous chromosomes between species. The wild tetraploid slender oat, A. barbata, has been a source of powdery mildew and stem rust resistance in cultivated oat but has largely been unexploited for crown rust resistance. A relatively high percentage of A. barbata accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Small Grains Collection were resistant to a highly diverse crown rust population in recent tests. Tests of 1,099 A. barbata accessions from the Canadian Plant Gene Resources Center not represented in the USDA collection revealed that a similar percentage (11.4%) were at least moderately resistant at the seedling and adult plant stage when tested with a highly diverse bulk inoculum derived from the St. Paul buckthorn nursery. Eighteen accessions were rated as highly resistant or a mix of highly resistant and resistant plants in both seedling and adult plant tests. Three accessions (CN21531 from Italy and CN26271 and CN26305 from Spain) displayed a unique “blotchy” resistant reaction as adult plants. Resistant accessions were found from throughout much of the natural range of A. barbata but the Western Mediterranean and Lebanon had the highest frequency of accessions with broad-spectrum resistance.

scholarly journals Broad-Spectrum Resistance to Crown Rust, Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, in Accessions of the Tetraploid Slender Oat, Avena barbata

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The use of race-specific seedling genes for resistance has been the primary means of controlling crown rust of oat (Puccinia coronata). As resistance genes from hexaploid cultivated oat, Avena sativa and, later, the wild hexaploid animated oat, A. sterilis, were deployed in oat cultivars, corresponding virulence in the crown rust population increased rapidly, such that the effective lifespan of a resistant cultivar in the United States is now 5 years or less. Introgression of resistance genes from diploid and tetraploid Avena spp. into hexaploid oat has been difficult due to differences in ploidy levels and the lack of homology of chromosomes between the two species. The wild tetraploid slender oat, A. barbata, has been a source of powdery mildew and stem rust resistance in cultivated oat but has largely been unexploited for crown rust resistance. In total, 359 accessions of A. barbata from the National Small Grains Collection were evaluated in seedling greenhouse tests. Of these accessions, 39% were at least moderately resistant when inoculated with a crown rust race with low virulence (DBBC). When tested further with a highly diverse bulk inoculum from the 2006 and 2007 St. Paul buckthorn nursery, 48 accessions (approximately 13%) were resistant. Many of these accessions were heterogeneous in reaction, but two accessions (PI320588 from Israel and PI337893 from Italy) were highly resistant (immune) and two others (PI337886 from Italy and PI367293 from Spain) consistently produced resistant reactions (chlorotic flecks) in all tests. Resistant accessions were found from throughout much of the natural range of A. barbata. Crosses of some of the better accessions have been made to cultivated oat.

scholarly journals Preliminary screening of Avena sterilis L. for resistance to crown rust

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
SYLWIA SOWA
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

The best source of crown rust resistance genes (Pc) in genus Avena is a wild hexaploid A. sterilis L. In this study, accessions of A. sterilis gathered from European and North American gene banks, originated from 21 countries were evaluated at the seedling stage for crown rust reaction using the host–pathogen test and two Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae isolates. Of the 45 oat accessions analyzed, 12 were resistant to one crown rust race (3.2). Resistance to both pathotypes used in the study was observed in two of the accessions, first of which was collected in Libya (AVE 2532) and second in Portugal (CN 26036). Further research is required to evaluate the genetic background of the discovered resistance, however, obtained results provide a valuable first step in the identification of new promising crown rust resistance sources.

The inheritance of resistance to Puccinia coronata and of floret characters in Avena sterilis

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. L. Wong ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
D. E. Harder ◽  
J. W. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Avena Sterilis ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Crown Rust Resistance ◽  
Dominant Genes

The inheritance of resistance to Puccinia coronata, awn development, lemma pubescence, and lemma color were studied in the Avena sterilis accessions CAV 4248, CAV 4656, and CAV 4904. Three independent, partially dominant genes (Pc-64, Pc-65, Pc-66) in CAV 4248, one partially dominant gene (Pc-67) in CAV 4656, and a dominant gene (Pc-68) in CAV 4904 were identified which conferred resistance to P. coronata. Genes Pc-64, Pc-65, Pc-66, Pc-67, and Pc-68 conferred resistance to 13, 8, 6, 12, and 14 races, respectively, of the 14 races of P. coronata tested. Gene Pc-68 conferred resistance to all field isolates of P. coronata collected in Canada in 1981 and was found to be closely linked or allelic to gene Pc-46. Awns and lemma pubescence were inherited monogenically in crosses with all three CAV accessions. Grey lemma color was controlled by one gene in CAV 4248 and by two genes in CAV 4656. Brown lemma color was controlled by one gene, which was closely linked or pleiotropic with the gene for lemma pubescence in CAV 4904. There was no association between crown rust resistance and the three floret characters studied.

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