scholarly journals Evaluation of Tomato-Based Packing Material for Retention of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, Carbon Dioxide and Methane in Gas Phase Biofilters: A Laboratory Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
José L. S. Pereira ◽  
Adelaide Perdigão ◽  
Francisco Marques ◽  
Catarina Coelho ◽  
Mariana Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Tomato Waste

Biofilters are an effective air pollution control technology to break down gaseous contaminants and produce innocuous end products. This laboratory study aimed to evaluate a biofilter media, mainly composed by tomato waste, as packing material to reduce NH3, N2O, CO2 and CH4 losses from stored pig slurry. Three mixtures of packing materials, with and without oxalic acid, were arranged in treatments, namely: mixture of tomato waste, pine bark and agricultural compost; mixture of tomato waste and rice husk; tomato waste only. A control treatment (no biofilter) was also included. The experiments were conducted using a system of laboratory scale biofilters connected to jars filled with pig slurry and under a constant airflow rate. The gas concentrations were measured for 14 days and the physicochemical of the packing materials were assessed. Results showed that biofilter media mixtures had a potential for NH3 retention ranging from 51 to 77% and the addition of oxalic acid to these biofilters increased NH3 retention to 72–79%. Additionally, the biofilter media mixtures with and without oxalic acid showed a potential retention for CH4 (29–69%) but not for N2O, yet with no impact on the global warming potential. It can be concluded that tomato based biofilters had the potential to reduce gaseous emissions from slurry.

Analysis of Stresses and Strains in Packed Stuffing-Boxes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kazeminia ◽  
Abdel-Hakim Bouzid
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Packing Rings ◽  
Leak Tightness ◽  
Side Walls

Packed stuffing-boxes are mechanical sealing systems that are extensively used in pressurized valves and pumps. Yet there is no standard design procedure that could be used to verify their mechanical integrity and leak tightness. It is only recently that standard test procedures to qualify the packing material have been suggested for adoption in both North America and Europe. While the packing contact stress with the side walls is predictable using existing models there is no analytical methodology to verify the stresses and strains in the stuffing-box housing. This paper presents an analytical model that analyzes the stresses and strains of all the stuffing box components including the packing rings. The developed model will be validated both numerically using FEM and experimentally on an instrumented packed stuffing box rig that is specially designed to test the mechanical and leakage performance of different packing materials.

PrekotAC as Filter Aids for Efficient Dust Separation in a Fabric Filter

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hajar ◽  
M. Rashid ◽  
A. Nurnadia ◽  
H. Norelyza ◽  
M. Ammar
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Fabric Filter ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Gaseous Stream ◽  
Filter Aids

Fabric filters are extensively used as an air pollution control system for its high efficiency to collect particles from gaseous stream. The system is commonly installed in many incineration plants as the means to control dust and gaseous emissions. Unfortunately, their applications in these facilities are short lived due to wear and tear of the fabric media. This is because the fabric filter is not adequately conditioned before it is put up into service. A simple technique is to apply so called ‘pre-coat’ material to coat a layer of inert material onto the surface of the fabric as a ‘barrier’ for protection as well as to allow a uniform air flow passing through the filter media. In this regard, a newly formulated filter aids material known as PrekotAC, not merely acts as an adsorbent for flue gas cleaning but also an efficient dust separation agent in a fabric filter system. A mixture of PreKotTM:Activated Carbon of 40:60 (%weight) was found to be the most preferable combination with its particle size distribution between 75 and 600μm, which is bigger size fraction than the original materials.

scholarly journals EMISSIONS OF NH3, CH4 AND N2O DURING STORAGE AND AFTER APPLICATION OF UNTREATED AND ANAEROBICALLY DIGESTED SLURRY

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Moitzi ◽  
B. Amon ◽  
T. Amon ◽  
V. Kryvoruchko ◽  
C. Wagner-Alt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Dynamic Chamber ◽  
Fermentation Tank ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Ch4 And N2o ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Slurry

The paper presents the investigations results of the effect of anaerobic digestion on emissions of NH3, N2O and CH4 during storage and after application of slurry. Dairy cattle and pig slurry was stored in concrete tanks (12 m3) over a period of 100 days. Gaseous emissions were collected continuously by a large open dynamic chamber. Gas concentrations (NH3, N2O and CH4) were analysed by high resolution FTIR-spectrometry. After storage, the slurries were surface applied on permanent grassland. NH3 emissions were followed for two days by a large open-dynamic-chamber. N2O and CH4 emissions were quantified with closed chambers until day 20 after application. 65 – 95 % of net total NH3 emissions were lost after slurry application. NH3 abatement will therefore be effective, if low emission application techniques are used. This is especially important when anaerobically digested slurry is applied. More than 90 % of net total CH4 emissions from untreated slurry were lost during slurry storage. Anaerobically digested slurry still emitted methane during storage. These emissions can be totally avoided if the secondary fermentation tank and the slurry store are connected with the gas bearing system of the biogas plant. Then, CH4 produced in these tanks is collected and used as renewable energy source. In conclusion it can be assumed that biogas plants will play a major role in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as they generate renewable energy and reduce CH4 emissions during manure storage. Furthermore, anaerobic digestion improves the fertiliser value of animal manures.

scholarly journals Opening Size Effects on Airflow Pattern and Airflow Rate of a Naturally Ventilated Dairy Building—A CFD Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6054
Author(s):  
Chayan Kumer Saha ◽  
Qianying Yi ◽  
David Janke ◽  
Sabrina Hempel ◽  
Barbara Amon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Effects ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Transient Simulations ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Model Geometry ◽  
Cow Comfort

Airflow inside naturally ventilated dairy (NVD) buildings is highly variable and difficult to understand due to the lack of precious measuring techniques with the existing methods. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to investigate the effect of different seasonal opening combinations of an NVD building on airflow patterns and airflow rate inside the NVD building as an alternative to full scale and scale model experiments. ANSYS 2019R2 was used for creating model geometry, meshing, and simulation. Eight ventilation opening combinations and 10 different reference air velocities were used for the series of simulation. The data measured in a large boundary layer wind tunnel using a 1:100 scale model of the NVD building was used for CFD model validation. The results show that CFD using standard k-ε turbulence model was capable of simulating airflow in and outside of the NVD building. Airflow patterns were different for different opening scenarios at the same external wind speed, which may affect cow comfort and gaseous emissions. Guiding inlet air by controlling openings may ensure animal comfort and minimize emissions. Non-isothermal and transient simulations of NVD buildings should be carried out for better understanding of airflow patterns.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biogas Biodesulfurization Using Different Packing Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Tayar ◽  
Renata Guerrero ◽  
Leticia Hidalgo ◽  
Denise Bevilaqua
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Sulfide

The packing material selection for a bioreactor is an important factor to consider, since the characteristics of this material can directly affect the performance of the bioprocess, as well as the investment costs. Different types of low cost packing materials were studied in columns to reduce the initial and operational costs of biogas biodesulfurization. The most prominent (PVC pieces from construction pipes) was applied in a bench-scale biotrickling filter to remove the H2S of the biogas from a real sewage treatment plant in Brazil, responsible for 90 thousand inhabitants. At the optimal experimental condition, the reactor presented a Removal Efficiency (RE) of up to 95.72% and Elimination Capacity (EC) of 98 gS·m−3·h−1, similar to open pore polyurethane foam, the traditional material widely used for H2S removal. These results demonstrated the high potential of application of this packing material in a full scale considering the robustness of the system filled with this support, even when submitted to high sulfide concentration, fluctuations in H2S content in biogas, and temperature variations.

scholarly journals Altering Conversion and Product Selectivity of Dry Reforming of Methane in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge by Changing the Dielectric Packing Material

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inne Michielsen ◽  
Yannick Uytdenhouwen ◽  
Annemie Bogaerts ◽  
Vera Meynen
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Dry Reforming ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Dry Reforming Of Methane ◽  
Product Selectivity ◽  
Total Conversion ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Α Al2o3

We studied the influence of dense, spherical packing materials, with different chemical compositions, on the dry reforming of methane (DRM) in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. Although not catalytically activated, a vast effect on the conversion and product selectivity could already be observed, an influence which is often neglected when catalytically activated plasma packing materials are being studied. The α-Al2O3 packing material of 2.0–2.24 mm size yields the highest total conversion (28%), as well as CO2 (23%) and CH4 (33%) conversion and a high product fraction towards CO (~70%) and ethane (~14%), together with an enhanced CO/H2 ratio of 9 in a 4.5 mm gap DBD at 60 W and 23 kHz. γ-Al2O3 is only slightly less active in total conversion (22%) but is even more selective in products formed than α-Al2O3. BaTiO3 produces substantially more oxygenated products than the other packing materials but is the least selective in product fractions and has a clear negative impact on CO2 conversion upon addition of CH4. Interestingly, when comparing to pure CO2 splitting and when evaluating differences in products formed, significantly different trends are obtained for the packing materials, indicating a complex impact of the presence of CH4 and the specific nature of the packing materials on the DRM process.

scholarly journals The Use of Inorganic Packing Materials during Methane Biofiltration

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane Nikiema ◽  
Michèle Heitz
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Packing Materials ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Good Surface ◽  
Methane Elimination

The objective behind this study is to select a suitable inorganic packing material for methane biofiltration. Three packing materials are to be compared: two rock materials (average particles' sizes: 2 and 5 mm) and one porous clay particles (average particle size of 7 mm). The main parameter used to assess the efficiency of the packing material is the methane elimination capacity. The study reveals that the rock material having an average particle size around 2 mm is to be preferred. This result is probably due to its high specific surface area and to its good surface properties as compared to the other 2 tested porous materials. The influence of the nonirrigation with the nutrient solution of the biofilter is also investigated. It has been found that nonirrigation of biofilter causes the biofilter performance to decrease significantly (e.g., 45% decrease in 1 week) even with the humidification of the gas phase prior to its introduction into the biofilter.

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