scholarly journals Foliar Thidiazuron Promotes the Growth of Axillary Buds in Strawberry

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Yali Li ◽  
Jiangtao Hu ◽  
Jie Xiao ◽  
Ge Guo ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Auxin Synthesis ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud Growth ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) can be easily propagated with daughter plants or through crown division, which are developed from the axillary bud at the axils of leaves. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different cytokinins, auxins, and their combinations on the axillary bud growth in strawberry. Four cytokinins (6-benzyladenine, kinetin, zeatin, and thidiazuron (TDZ)) and three auxins (indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, and naphthaleneacetic acid) at a concentration of 50 mg·L−1 were sprayed on the leaves three times in 10-day intervals. The expression levels of cytokinin, auxin, and meristem-related genes in the crowns were also investigated. The results showed that TDZ was the most effective hormone for the axillary bud growth, and also promoted plant growth. However, chlorophyll, soluble sugar, and starch contents in the leaves were lower after TDZ. TDZ activated the cytokinin signal transduction pathway, while repressing the auxin synthesis genes. Several meristem-related transcription factors were upregulated, which might be essential for the growth of the axillary buds. These results suggested that TDZ can improve the cultivation of strawberry, while further research is needed to explain the effect on phytochemistry.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and physiological analyses of rice seedlings under different nitrogen supplies provide insight into the regulation involved in axillary bud outgrowth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongna Wang ◽  
Junjie Qian ◽  
Zhongming Fang ◽  
Jihua Tang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud Outgrowth

Abstract Background: N is an important macronutrient required for plant development and significantly influences axillary bud outgrowth, which affects tillering and grain yields of rice. However, how different N concentrations affect axillary bud growth at the molecular and transcriptional levels remains unclear. Results: In this study, morphological changes in the axillary bud growth of rice seedlings under different N concentrations ranging from low to high levels were systematically observed. To investigate the expression of N-induced genes involved in axillary bud growth, we used RNA-seq technology to generate mRNA transcriptomic data from two tissue types, basal parts and axillary buds, of plants grown under six different N concentrations. In total, 10,221 and 12,180 DEGs induced by LN or HN supplies were identified in the basal parts and axillary buds, respectively, via comparisons to expression levels under NN level. Analysis of the coexpression modules from the DEGs of the basal parts and axillary buds revealed an abundance of related biological processes underlying the axillary bud growth of plants under N treatments. Among these processes, the activity of cell division and expansion was positively correlated with the growth rate of axillary buds of plants grown under different N supplies. Additionally, TFs and phytohormones were shown to play crucial roles in determining the axillary bud growth of plants grown under different N concentrations. Further validation of OsGS1;2 and OsGS2 , the rice mutants of which presented altered tiller numbers, validated our transcriptomic data. Conclusion: These results indicate that different N concentrations affect the axillary bud growth rate, and our study revealed comprehensive expression profiles of genes that respond to different N concentrations, providing an important resource for future studies attempting to determine how axillary bud growth is controlled by different N supplies.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and physiological analyses of rice seedlings under different nitrogen supplies provide insight into the regulation involved in axillary bud outgrowth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongna Wang ◽  
Junjie Qian ◽  
Zhongming Fang ◽  
Jihua Tang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud Outgrowth

Abstract Background: N is an important macronutrient required for plant development and significantly influences axillary bud outgrowth, which affects tillering and grain yields of rice. However, how different N concentrations affect axillary bud growth at the molecular and transcriptional levels remains unclear. Results: In this study, morphological changes in the axillary bud growth of rice seedlings under different N concentrations ranging from low to high levels were systematically observed. To investigate the expression of N-induced genes involved in axillary bud growth, we used RNA-seq technology to generate mRNA transcriptomic data from two tissue types, basal parts and axillary buds, of plants grown under six different N concentrations. In total, 10,221 and 12,180 DEGs induced by LN or HN supplies were identified in the basal parts and axillary buds, respectively, via comparisons to expression levels under NN level. Analysis of the coexpression modules from the DEGs of the basal parts and axillary buds revealed an abundance of related biological processes underlying the axillary bud growth of plants under N treatments. Among these processes, the activity of cell division and expansion was positively correlated with the growth rate of axillary buds of plants grown under different N supplies. Additionally, TFs and phytohormones were shown to play crucial roles in determining the axillary bud growth of plants grown under different N concentrations. Further validation of OsGS1;2 and OsGS2 , the rice mutants of which presented altered tiller numbers, validated our transcriptomic data. Conclusion: These results indicate that different N concentrations affect the axillary bud growth rate, and our study revealed comprehensive expression profiles of genes that respond to different N concentrations, providing an important resource for future studies attempting to determine how axillary bud growth is controlled by different N supplies.

The Effects of Soybean (Glycine max) Interference on the Canopy Architecture of Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie E. Regnier ◽  
Edward W. Stoller
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
Axillary Bud Growth

Common cocklebur, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf were grown with soybeans in the field to determine how soybean interference affects weed canopy architecture. Common cocklebur had more leaves within the soybean canopy than jimsonweed or velvetleaf. At the end of the season, common cocklebur leaf area was distributed evenly below and above the top of the soybean canopy, while nearly all the jimsonweed and velvetleaf leaf area was above the soybean canopy. Common cocklebur exhibited more shade tolerance than jimsonweed or velvetleaf by also maintaining leaves in the shade within the soybean canopy. Differences among these weeds in leaf distribution within the soybean canopy were not related to differences in abscission of the lower leaves but to a differential response of lower axillary buds to soybean shading. Growth from lower axillary buds in jimsonweed and velvetleaf was strongly inhibited by soybean interference, but interference had little effect on lower axillary bud growth in common cocklebur. Axillary bud growth in the lower canopies of both common cocklebur and soybeans, and their similarity in height, caused these plants to compete for the same aboveground niche. However, common cocklebur had more extensive axillary growth along the lower stem than soybeans, which may allow it to compete for resources in this niche more aggressively than soybeans. Velvetleaf and jimsonweed did not share the same aboveground niche with soybeans due to the placement of their leaves above rather than within the soybean canopy. The lower branching characteristics and apparent shade tolerance of common cocklebur may be important factors in the superior competitive ability with soybeans compared to jimsonweed and velvetleaf.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and physiological analyses of rice seedlings under different nitrogen supplies provide insight into the regulation involved in axillary bud outgrowth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongna Wang ◽  
Junjie Qian ◽  
Zhongming Fang ◽  
Jihua Tang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud Outgrowth

Abstract Background: N is an important macronutrient required for plant development and significantly influences axillary bud outgrowth, which affects tillering and grain yields of rice. However, how different N concentrations affect axillary bud growth at the molecular and transcriptional levels remains unclear. Results: In this study, morphological changes in the axillary bud growth of rice seedlings under different N concentrations ranging from low to high levels were systematically observed. To investigate the expression of N-induced genes involved in axillary bud growth, we used RNA-seq technology to generate mRNA transcriptomic data from two tissue types, basal parts and axillary buds, of plants grown under six different N concentrations. In total, 10,221 and 12,180 DEGs induced by LN or HN supplies were identified in the basal parts and axillary buds, respectively, via comparisons to expression levels under NN level. Analysis of the coexpression modules from the DEGs of the basal parts and axillary buds revealed an abundance of related biological processes underlying the axillary bud growth of plants under N treatments. Among these processes, the activity of cell division and expansion was positively correlated with the growth rate of axillary buds of plants grown under different N supplies. Additionally, TFs and phytohormones were shown to play crucial roles in determining the axillary bud growth of plants grown under different N concentrations. Further validation of OsGS1;2 and OsGS2 , the rice mutants of which presented altered tiller numbers, validated our transcriptomic data. Conclusion: These results indicate that different N concentrations affect the axillary bud growth rate, and our study revealed comprehensive expression profiles of genes that respond to different N concentrations, providing an important resource for future studies attempting to determine how axillary bud growth is controlled by different N supplies.

scholarly journals Hypaphorine from the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Pisolithus tinctorius Counteracts Activities of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Ethylene but Not Synthetic Auxins in Eucalypt Seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Anicet Ditengou ◽  
Frédéric Lapeyrie
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Auxin Synthesis ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Very little is known about the molecules regulating the interaction between plants and ectomycorrhizal fungi during root colonization. The role of fungal auxin in ectomycorrhiza has repeatedly been suggested and questioned, suggesting that, if fungal auxin controls some steps of colonized root development, its activity might be tightly controlled in time and in space by plant and/or fungal regulatory mechanisms. We demonstrate that fungal hypaphorine, the betaine of tryptophan, counteracts the activity of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on eucalypt tap root elongation but does not affect the activity of the IAA analogs 2,4-D ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid) or NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid). These data suggest that IAA and hypaphorine interact during the very early steps of the IAA perception or signal transduction pathway. Furthermore, while seedling treatment with 1-amincocyclopro-pane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), the precursor of ethylene, results in formation of a hypocotyl apical hook, hypaphorine application as well as root colonization by Pisolithus tinctorius, a hypaphorine-accumulating ectomycorrhizal fungus, stimulated hook opening. Hypaphorine counteraction with ACC is likely a consequence of hypaphorine interaction with IAA. In most plant-microbe interactions studied, the interactions result in increased auxin synthesis or auxin accumulation in plant tissues. The P. tinctorius / eucalypt interaction is intriguing because in this interaction the microbe down-regulates the auxin activity in the host plant. Hypaphorine might be the first specific IAA antagonist identified.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and physiological analyses of rice seedlings under different nitrogen supplies provide insight into the regulation involved in axillary bud outgrowth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongna Wang ◽  
Junjie Qian ◽  
Zhongming Fang ◽  
Jihua Tang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud Outgrowth

Abstract Background: N is an important macronutrient required for plant development and significantly influences axillary bud outgrowth, which affects tillering and grain yields of rice. However, how different N concentrations affect axillary bud growth at the molecular and transcriptional levels remains unclear. Results: In this study, morphological changes in the axillary bud growth of rice seedlings under different N concentrations ranging from low to high levels were systematically observed. To investigate the expression of N-induced genes involved in axillary bud growth, we used RNA-seq technology to generate mRNA transcriptomic data from two tissue types, basal parts and axillary buds, of plants grown under six different N concentrations. In total, 10,221 and 12,180 DEGs induced by LN or HN supplies were identified in the basal parts and axillary buds, respectively, via comparisons to expression levels under NN level. Analysis of the coexpression modules from the DEGs of the basal parts and axillary buds revealed an abundance of related biological processes underlying the axillary bud growth of plants under N treatments. Among these processes, the activity of cell division and expansion was positively correlated with the growth rate of axillary buds of plants grown under different N supplies. Additionally, TFs and phytohormones were shown to play crucial roles in determining the axillary bud growth of plants grown under different N concentrations. Further validation of OsGS1;2 and OsGS2 , the rice mutants of which presented altered tiller numbers, validated our transcriptomic data. Conclusion: These results indicate that different N concentrations affect the axillary bud growth rate, and our study revealed comprehensive expression profiles of genes that respond to different N concentrations, providing an important resource for future studies attempting to determine how axillary bud growth is controlled by different N supplies.

Sucrose Mobilisation in Sugarcane Stalk Induced by Heterotrophic Axillary Bud Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. O’Neill ◽  
Matthew P. Purnell ◽  
David J. Anderson ◽  
Lars K. Nielsen ◽  
Stevens M. Brumbley
Keyword(s):  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Sugarcane Stalk ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Axillary Bud Growth ◽  
Sucrose Mobilisation

scholarly journals Nitrogen Nutrition Promotes Rhizome Bud Outgrowth via Regulation of Cytokinin Biosynthesis Genes and an Oryza longistaminata Ortholog of FINE CULM 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyohei Shibasaki ◽  
Arika Takebayashi ◽  
Nobue Makita ◽  
Mikiko Kojima ◽  
Yumiko Takebayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Cytokinin Biosynthesis ◽  
Rhizome Growth ◽  
Oryza Longistaminata ◽  
Rhizome Bud ◽  
Axillary Bud Growth

Oryza longistaminata, a wild rice, can propagate vegetatively via rhizome formation and, thereby, expand its territory through horizontal growth of branched rhizomes. The structural features of rhizomes are similar to those of aerial stems; however, the physiological roles of the two organs are different. Nitrogen nutrition is presumed to be linked to the vegetative propagation activity of rhizomes, but the regulation of rhizome growth in response to nitrogen nutrition and the underlying biological processes have not been well characterized. In this study, we analyzed rhizome axillary bud growth in response to nitrogen nutrition and examined the involvement of cytokinin-mediated regulation in the promotion of bud outgrowth in O. longistaminata. Our results showed that nitrogen nutrition sufficiency promoted rhizome bud outgrowth to form secondary rhizomes. In early stages of the response to nitrogen application, glutamine accumulated rapidly, two cytokinin biosynthesis genes, isopentenyltransferase, and CYP735A, were up-regulated with accompanying cytokinin accumulation, and expression of an ortholog of FINE CULM1, a negative regulator of axillary bud outgrowth, was severely repressed in rhizomes. These results suggest that, despite differences in physiological roles of these organs, the nitrogen-dependent outgrowth of rhizome axillary buds in O. longistaminata is regulated by a mechanism similar to that of shoot axillary buds in O. sativa. Our findings provide a clue for understanding how branched rhizome growth is regulated to enhance nutrient acquisition strategies.

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