scholarly journals Coffee Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) in Kenya—A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2590
Author(s):  
Elijah Gichuru ◽  
Getrude Alwora ◽  
James Gimase ◽  
Cecilia Kathurima
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
The Status

Coffee is one of the most important cash crops and beverages in the world. Production of coffee is limited by many factors, which include insect pests and diseases, among others. One of the most devastating coffee diseases in many coffee-producing countries is Coffee Leaf Rust caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix. Kenya is a coffee-producing country and has conducted studies to understand and manage the disease. Management strategies for the disease include the development and use of fungicide spray programs, cultural control practices, breeding resistant coffee varieties, and biological control agents. This paper reviews the status of the disease and management options applied in Kenya.

scholarly journals A fungus-eat-fungus world: Digitopodium, with particular reference to mycoparasites of the coffee leaf rust, Hemileia vastatrix

IMA Fungus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adans A. Colmán ◽  
Harry C. Evans ◽  
Sara S. Salcedo-Sarmiento ◽  
Uwe Braun ◽  
Kifle Belachew-Bekele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust

AbstractDigitopodium hemileiae was described originally in 1930 as Cladosporium hemileiae; growing as a mycoparasite of the coffee leaf rust (CLR), Hemileia vastatrix, in a sample of diseased leaves of Coffea canephora collected in the Democratic Republic of Congo. No cultures from this material exist. More recently, the type material was re-examined and, based on morphological features, considered to be incorrectly placed in Cladosporium. The new genus Digitopodium was erected to accommodate this species. Interest in fungal antagonists of H. vastarix, as potential biocontrol agents of CLR, led to comprehensive surveys for mycoparasites, both in the African centre of origin of the rust, as well as in its South American exotic range. Among the rust specimens from Ethiopia, one was found to be colonized by a fungus congeneric with, and similar to, D. hemileiae. Pure cultures obtained from the Ethiopian material enabled a molecular study and for its phylogenetic position to be elucidated, based on DNA sequence data from the ITS and LSU regions. Molecular data showed that two members of the recently erected genus Hyalocladosporiella (Herpotrichiellaceae: Chaetothyriales) are congeneric with Digitopodium from Ethiopia and morphologically similar to both D. hemileiae and the two Ethiopian isolates. These isolates were found to be morphologically and genetically identical to H. tectonae, described previously from Brazil. Thus, species of Hyalocladosporiella are re-allocated to Digitopodium here; including D. tectonae, and a novel species, D. canescens, recently found in Brazil growing as a mycoparasite of Puccinia thaliae. The potential use of D. hemileiae and D. tectonae for classical biological control of CLR is discussed.

scholarly journals Stability of Arabica coffee genotype (Coffea arabica L.) against leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix)

2021 ◽  
Vol 748 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Sabam Malau ◽  
Albiner Siagian ◽  
Maria Rumondang Sihotang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Severity

Abstract Coffee is now experiencing a serious threat from fungus Hemileia vastatrix which caused epidemic of rust disease in America, Africa, and Asia. As solution, the use of resistant cultivars is the best way. However, interaction between genotype and environment can change the rank of genotypes that shows instability of these genotypes against leaf rust. Purpose of this research was to study stability of genotypes of Arabica coffee against coffee leaf rust. A field experiment was arranged as factorial randomized complete block design with 2 factors (genotypes and climate zones) with three replication. The observed parameters were branch rust incidence, leaf rust incidence, and leaf rust severity. This research result showed significant genotype x environment interaction in all variables. Length of dry season is the most important factor affecting coffee leaf rust because it had the highest correlation coefficient with leaf rust severity (r = 0.662**). Less length of dry season should be the first criteria for selection of coffee farms. The most desired genotype was G7 which performed low leaf rust severity (7.71%) and had a stable resistance indicated by the same leaf rust severity in all environments and 6 SMg. Due to the significant interaction between genotypes and the environment, the genotype to be planted in a region must be tested in that region first.

Non-host resistance responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to the coffee leaf rust fungus (Hemileia vastatrix)

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 621-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Gil Azinheira ◽  
Maria do Céu Silva ◽  
Pedro Talhinhas ◽  
Clara Medeira ◽  
Isabel Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Model Plant ◽  
Heterologous System ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Model Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana

Leaf rust, caused by Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Broome, is the most destructive fungal disease of coffee. In the absence of a suitable gene validation system in coffee, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. may be used as a heterologous system for the molecular dissection of coffee responses to leaf rust. Histological examination of A. thaliana (Col-0) leaves inoculated with H. vastatrix (race II) showed that by 24 h after inoculation (hai), H. vastatrix uredospores differentiated appressoria and penetrated the stomata, but failed to form haustoria. Arabidopsis thaliana cellular resistance responses included hypersensitive-like response (HR) of stomata guard cells together with accumulation of phenolic compounds and callose deposition in walls of epidermal and mesophyll cells. Results indicate that H. vastatrix infection triggered the induction of a set of defence-related genes peaking at 18 and 42 hai. The non-host HR triggered by H. vastatrix in the model plant A. thaliana makes it usable to infer the function of coffee genes involved in pre-haustorial rust resistance.

Evaluation of Different Botanicals for the Control of Coffee Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix Berkeley and Broome)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
R Mudyiwa ◽  
N Mwatsiya ◽  
B Manenji ◽  
P Chidoko ◽  
C Mahoya
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust

Sensitization to the fungus Hemileia vastatrix (coffee leaf rust)

Allergy ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 684-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Croce Portocarrero ◽  
E. Rosa da Costa Manso ◽  
W. Gambale ◽  
L. Takayama ◽  
C. E. Oliveira Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust

scholarly journals Current status on coffee leaf rust (hemileia vastatrix) in sidama and gedeo zone, southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ano Wariyo ◽  
Habtamu Gebreselassie ◽  
Wondmagegnehu Gerbatsedik ◽  
Kifle Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Coffee Leaf Rust ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Extent Of Damage

Coffee is the most important and second traded commodity next to oil in the world. In Ethiopia, coffee leaf rust caused by Hemileia vastatrix is one of the third most economically important diseases of Coffee Arabica. The current status of coffee leaf rust was intensively assessed and examined in 189 sample coffee farms from six districts across major coffee growing areas of the Southern Ethiopia. At each farm, ten randomly selected trees on a diagonal transect across the farm were assessed for disease incidence and severity. The survey data showed that coffee leaf rust was present in all assessed district varying in magnitude and extent of damage. The highest overall mean of rust incidence (38.6%) and severity (13.80%) was recorded at Dilla zuria while the lowest incidence (10.52%) and severity (1.38%) was at Yergachaffee district. The highest altitude range was obtained at Yergachaffee (1838-2056) while the lowest was at Dilla zuria (1434-1825) district. Overall mean severity and incidence result indicate that, there was statistical (p = 0.058 for severity, p = 0.044 for incidence) and negative correlation between intensity and altitude (severity, r= -0.80 and incidence, r= -0.82). The linear regression equation of severity and incidence obtained from the data was Y= -0.036X+73.16 and Y = -0.074X +158.9 (where Y= percentage CLR severity and incidence, respectively and X= altitude). This regression equation implies that, in higher elevation areas the rust intensity was low as compare to the lower elevation. Finally, the disease was remarkably increasing from time to time in all assessed coffee farms. Therefore, appropriate measurement like farmers’ awareness creation and training on how to control disease as well as appropriate agronomic managements has to be seriously undertaken. In addition, development of coffee leaf rust resistant varieties to southern Ethiopia through resistant breeding has to be set high priority.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON MULBERRY PEST (GLYPHODES PYLOALIS WALKER) AS AN ALTERNATE HOST TO THE PATHOGENS OF SILKWORM (BOMBYX MORI L.) DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplement 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeera Imtiyaz ◽  
K. A. Sahaf ◽  
Shabir A. Bhat ◽  
Shaheen Gul ◽  
Iqra Rafiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Glyphodes Pyloalis ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

In the present study, susceptibility of the mulberry pest G. pyloalis to the pathogens of silkworm, Bombyx mori was ascertained. The survey was carried out at the three locations viz. Mulberry farms of College of Temperate Sericulture, Mirgund and two mulberry farms of Sericulture Development Department, J&K located at Mirgund and Tulsibagh, Srinagar. The plantation is ravaged by different pests and diseases and as many as 11 major and 10 minor insect pests have been reported from Jammu and Kashmir (Sharma and Tara, 1985; Khan et al., 2004). Under temperate conditions, G. pyloalis (Walker) causes severe damage to mulberry crop and is considered as a major pest of mulberry in Jammu and Kashmir (Fotadar et al., 1998). Zeya et al. (2003) reported 20-25 percent damage to mulberry foliage in Kashmir is due to G. Pyloalis during July to October. The survey study showed high infestation of G. Pyloalis during the month of October, 2017 and 2018. The maximum infestation of 73.03% was observed at SDD Tulsi Bagh followed by 45.20% at SDD Mirgund and 32.99% at CoTS Farm. During the study various stages of G. Pyloalis were found infected with the Microsporidian and Nuclear Polyhedral Virus whereas Fungal and bacterial pathogens were not observed during the present study. The mean incidence of Microsporidian and NPV was observed as 4.22% and 5.99% percent respectively during October, 2017. In the present study, susceptibility of the mulberry pest G. Pyloalis to the pathogens of silkworm, Bombyx mori was ascertained so that management strategies are taken accordingly

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