scholarly journals Plant Desiccation Tolerance and its Regulation in the Foliage of Resurrection “Flowering-Plant” Species

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Blomstedt ◽  
Cara Griffiths ◽  
Donald Gaff ◽  
John Hamill ◽  
Alan Neale
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Resurrection Plants ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Craterostigma Plantagineum ◽  
Plant Foliage ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

The majority of flowering-plant species can survive complete air-dryness in their seed and/or pollen. Relatively few species (‘resurrection plants’) express this desiccation tolerance in their foliage. Knowledge of the regulation of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plant foliage is reviewed. Elucidation of the regulatory mechanism in resurrection grasses may lead to identification of genes that can improve stress tolerance and yield of major crop species. Well-hydrated leaves of resurrection plants are desiccation-sensitive and the leaves become desiccation tolerant as they are drying. Such drought-induction of desiccation tolerance involves changes in gene-expression causing extensive changes in the complement of proteins and the transition to a highly-stable quiescent state lasting months to years. These changes in gene-expression are regulated by several interacting phytohormones, of which drought-induced abscisic acid (ABA) is particularly important in some species. Treatment with only ABA induces desiccation tolerance in vegetative tissue of Borya constricta Churchill. and Craterostigma plantagineum Hochstetter. but not in the resurrection grass Sporobolus stapfianus Gandoger. Suppression of drought-induced senescence is also important for survival of drying. Further research is needed on the triggering of the induction of desiccation tolerance, on the transition between phases of protein synthesis and on the role of the phytohormone, strigolactone and other potential xylem-messengers during drying and rehydration.

scholarly journals Epimutations are associated with CHROMOMETHYLASE 3-induced de novo DNA methylation

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jered M Wendte ◽  
Yinwen Zhang ◽  
Lexiang Ji ◽  
Xiuling Shi ◽  
Rashmi R Hazarika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Gene Body ◽  
Gene Body Methylation ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

In many plant species, a subset of transcribed genes are characterized by strictly CG-context DNA methylation, referred to as gene body methylation (gbM). The mechanisms that establish gbM are unclear, yet flowering plant species naturally without gbM lack the DNA methyltransferase, CMT3, which maintains CHG (H = A, C, or T) and not CG methylation at constitutive heterochromatin. Here, we identify the mechanistic basis for gbM establishment by expressing CMT3 in a species naturally lacking CMT3. CMT3 expression reconstituted gbM through a progression of de novo CHG methylation on expressed genes, followed by the accumulation of CG methylation that could be inherited even following loss of the CMT3 transgene. Thus, gbM likely originates from the simultaneous targeting of loci by pathways that promote euchromatin and heterochromatin, which primes genes for the formation of stably inherited epimutations in the form of CG DNA methylation.

scholarly journals Toevoegings tot die blomplantlys van die Bergkwagga Nasionale Park

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Check List ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Additions to the check list of flowering plants of the Mountain Zebra National Park. Thirteen additional flowering plant species are reported from the Mountain Zebra National Park, increasing the total reported to 371 species.

scholarly journals Pollinator‐mediated interactions between cultivated papaya and co‐flowering plant species

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 587-597
Author(s):  
Raúl Badillo‐Montaño ◽  
Armando Aguirre ◽  
Miguel A. Munguía‐Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

scholarly journals Floral preferences of a neotropical stingless bee, Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier (Apidae: Meliponina) in an urban forest fragment

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (2a) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Antonini ◽  
R. G. Costa ◽  
R. P. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Melipona Quadrifasciata ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Flowering Plant Species ◽  
Bee Abundance

Species of plants used by Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier for pollen and nectar gathering in an urban forest fragment were recorded in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Melipona quadrifasciata visited 22 out of 103 flowering plant species. The plant species belonged mainly to Myrtaceae, Asteraceae, and Convolvulaceae (64% of the visits). Melipona quadrifasciata tended to collect pollen or nectar each time, except for Myrtaceae species, from which both pollen and nectar were collected. Bee abundance at flowers did not significantly correlate to food availability (expressed by flowering plant richness). We found a relatively high similarity (50%) between plant species used by M. quadrifasciata, which was also found in studies carried out in São Paulo State. However, low similarity (17%) was found between the results of this study and those of another done in Bahia State, Brazil.

Effective mutualism between sequentially flowering plant species

Nature ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 281 (5733) ◽  
pp. 670-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas M. Waser ◽  
Leslie A. Real
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

scholarly journals The Digital Herbarium: Solutions for Data Collection and Identification of Indonesian Plant Diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Endro Setiawan ◽  
Dedy Darnaedi ◽  
Ismail Rachman ◽  
Teguh Triono ◽  
Campbell O. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Plant Data ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Indonesia is one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. It is estimated to be the home of 9.5% flowering plant species, making it the seventh country with the highest biodiversity. Plant data collection is necessary to ascertain the level of plant biodiversity, as such data help in conservation efforts and long-term management. One of the methods applied is the collection of plants, with the purpose to acquire as much data about its biological resources. The collected specimen are then gathered and processed into a herbarium to be used as an information source in managing biological resources. Unfortunately, there are some difficulties related to the making and management of a herbarium. Digital herbarium are one of the potential solutions to the limitations of the traditional herbarium. It is a collection of plant pictures, replete with every step of productivity (leaf, flower, fruit) and the main characteristics of the plant species. It is an effective method for the identification and collection of plant biodiversity in Indonesia. About 2149 plants have been gathered from Borneo, Seram, Waigeo, Flores and Sulawesi which consisted of 152 family, 512 genus, and 1,832 species, with a total of 30391 pictures of plant parts. From the experiment conducted on 672 specimens, it achieved 98.8 % accuracy on the family level and 80.1 % accuracy on the genus level, while the species level reached 78.8%. The results showed that digital herbarium can be used to conduct identification and data collection of plant biodiversity. Furthermore, this method is simple, cheap and relatively easier to conduct. The output is a catalog of plant species in specific areas, which provides better understanding about plant identification and biodiversity, enhances conservation practices, and provides better long-term protection for Indonesian plant biodiversity.

scholarly journals A multi-gene region targeted capture approach to detect plant DNA in environmental samples: A case study from coastal environments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Foster ◽  
Kor-jent Van Dijk ◽  
Edward Biffin ◽  
Jennifer Young ◽  
Vicki Ann Thomson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Gene Region ◽  
Chloroplast Gene ◽  
Dna Mixtures ◽  
Targeted Capture ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Metabarcoding of plant DNA recovered from environmental samples, termed environmental DNA (eDNA), has been used to detect invasive species, track biodiversity changes and reconstruct past ecosystems. The P6 loop of the trnL intron is the most widely utilized gene region for metabarcoding plants due to the short fragment length and subsequent ease of recovery from degraded DNA, which is characteristic of environmental samples. However, the taxonomic resolution for this gene region is limited, often precluding species level identification. Additionally, targeting gene regions using universal primers can bias results as some taxa will amplify more effectively than others. To increase the ability of DNA metabarcoding to better resolve flowering plant species (angiosperms) within environmental samples, and reduce bias in amplification, we developed a multi-gene targeted capture method that simultaneously targets 20 chloroplast gene regions in a single assay across all flowering plant species. Using this approach, we effectively recovered multiple chloroplast gene regions for three species within artificial DNA mixtures down to 0.001 ng/uL of DNA. We tested the detection level of this approach, successfully recovering target genes for 10 flowering plant species. Finally, we applied this approach to sediment samples containing unknown compositions of environmental DNA and confidently detected plant species that were later verified with observation data. Targeting multiple chloroplast gene regions in environmental samples enabled species-level information to be recovered from complex DNA mixtures. Thus, the method developed here, confers an improved level of data on community composition, which can be used to better understand flowering plant assemblages in environmental samples.

scholarly journals Floristic diversity of Umari Dham sacred grove in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Yogita Solanki ◽  
Amit Kotiya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Sacred Grove ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Flowering Plant Species ◽  
The City

The Umari Dham is a sacred grove situated at the Jamwa Ramgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jaipur District of Rajasthan, India. It’s a beautiful arbour near the city of Jaipur. Umari Dham sacred grove has a temple, which has been visited by worshippers for approximately 450 years. During present field investigation, attempts were made to categorize the floral diversity of this sacred grove, and around 215 flowering plant species belonging to 159 genera under 52 families have been recorded according to Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (APG III) classification. This grove serves as a vital pool for preservation of threatened, endemic and medicinal plant species.

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