scholarly journals Human-Animal Co-Sleeping: An Actigraphy-Based Assessment of Dogs’ Impacts on Women’s Nighttime Movements

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy L. Hoffman ◽  
Matthew Browne ◽  
Bradley P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Diary Data ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Sleeping Arrangements

Humans regularly enter into co-sleeping arrangements with human and non-human partners. Studies of adults who co-sleep report that co-sleeping can impact sleep quality, particularly for women. Although dog owners often choose to bedshare with their dogs, we know relatively little about the nature of these relationships, nor the extent to which co-sleeping might interfere with sleep quality or quantity. In an effort to rectify this, we selected a sample of 12 adult female human (M = 50.8 years) and dog dyads, and monitored their activity using actigraphy. We collected movement data in one-minute epochs for each sleep period for an average of 10 nights per participant. This resulted in 124 nights of data, covering 54,533 observations (M = 7.3 hours per night). In addition, we collected subjective sleep diary data from human participants. We found a significant positive relationship between human and dog movement over sleep periods, with dogs influencing human movement more than humans influenced dog movement. Dog movement accompanied approximately 50% of human movement observations, and dog movement tripled the likelihood of the human transitioning from a non-moving state to a moving state. Nevertheless, humans rarely reported that their dog disrupted their sleep. We encourage the continued exploration of human-animal co-sleeping in all its facets and provide recommendations for future research in this area.

scholarly journals Association between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in medical students

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Brick
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Future Research Directions

The aim of the current study was to determine whether subjective sleep quality was reduced in medical students, and whether demographics and sleep hygiene behaviors were associated with sleep quality. A web-based survey was completed by 314 medical students, containing questions about demographics, sleep habits, exercise habits, caffeine, tobacco and alcohol use, and subjective sleep quality (using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Correlation and regression analyses tested for associations among demographics, sleep hygiene behaviors, and sleep quality. As hypothesized, medical students’ sleep quality was significantly worse than a healthy adult normative sample (t=5.13, p<.001). Poor sleep quality in medical students was predicted by several demographic and sleep hygiene variables, and future research directions are proposed.Brick, C., Seely, D. L., & Palermo, T. M. (2010). Association between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in medical students. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 8(2), 113–121. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15402001003622925

scholarly journals Investigating the Sleep–Pain Relationship in Youth with Sickle Cell Utilizing mHealth Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecelia R Valrie ◽  
Rebecca L Kilpatrick ◽  
Kristen Alston ◽  
Krystal Trout ◽  
Rupa Redding-Lallinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Nighttime Sleep

Abstract Objectives The current study utilized mHealth technologies that were objective (e.g., sleep actigraphy and pulse oximetry) and time-sensitive (e.g., ecological momentary assessments [EMAs]) to characterize sleep in youth with sickle cell disease (SCD) and investigate the relationships between sleep variables and pain. It also investigated the influence of age on sleep and the sleep–pain relationship. Methods Eighty-eight youth with SCD (aged 8–17 years) were recruited from three regional pediatric SCD clinics. Youth completed twice daily EMAs for up to 4 weeks to assess nighttime subjective sleep quality and daily pain. They also wore a sleep actigraph for 2 weeks to assess sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and sleep latency, and a wrist-worn pulse oximeter for two nights to assess whether they had sleep apnea. Multilevel models were calculated predicting daily SCD pain using the sleep variables, age, and the interaction between age and the sleep variables. Results None of the sleep variables were related to one another. Poor subjective sleep quality during the night was related to high pain severity the next day, and high pain was related to poor subjective sleep quality that night. Older age was associated with poorer subjective sleep quality, shorter duration of nighttime sleep, and high sleep latency. Also, findings indicated that as age increased, the strength of the relationship between poor continuous subjective sleep quality and high pain severity increased. Conclusions Future research is needed to examine possible mechanisms connecting subjective sleep quality to high pain.

scholarly journals The serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and the sleep-promoting effects of tryptophan: A randomized placebo-controlled crossover study

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 948-954
Author(s):  
Jens H van Dalfsen ◽  
C Rob Markus
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Allele Group ◽  
S Allele

Background:The low-expressive short (S) allele of a functional polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) within the serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine; 5-HT) transporter gene (SLC6A4) has been associated with a reduced functioning of the brain 5-HT system relative to the long (L) allele. As a consequence, the S-allele is found to predispose individuals to a higher risk of sleep quality reduction and clinical insomnia.Aims:The present study investigated whether subchronic pre-sleep tryptophan administration could compensate for this predisposition by improving sleep in 5-HTTLPR S-allele carriers.Methods:In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design a sample of homozygous 5-HTTLPR S-allele ( n = 47) and L-allele ( n = 51) carriers were assessed for subjective (sleep diary) and objective (actigraphy) sleep during a treatment protocol consisting of 1 week of placebo (1000 mg/day) and 1 week of tryptophan administration (1000 mg/day).Results:The results support the sleep-promoting effects of tryptophan. Tryptophan improved objective sleep efficiency and objective wake after sleep onset irrespective of allelic variation. There was a marginally significant improvement of subjective sleep quality in the 5-HTTLPR S-allele group but not in the L-allele group following tryptophan relative to placebo intake. In contrast, a significantly poorer sleep quality in the S-allele as opposed to the L-allele group in the placebo condition was not observed in the tryptophan condition.Conclusions:Tryptophan augmentation promises to be a valuable treatment strategy for sleep impairments related to genetic deficiencies in 5-HT functioning.

Sleep in Young People with Features of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Claire A. Jenkins ◽  
Katherine N. Thompson ◽  
Christian L. Nicholas ◽  
Andrew M. Chanen
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Wake Patterns

Sleep disturbance is commonly reported in young people with features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Examining sleep quality and sleep-wake patterns in young people with features of BPD is essential to inform the development of sleep-improvement interventions. A scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The objectives were to map the literature regarding sleep in young people with features of BPD, highlight areas for further investigation, and provide methodological recommendations for future research. Seven data sets were included in the review. Young people with features of BPD had poorer objective and subjective sleep quality, disturbed sleep architecture (particularly rapid-eye-movement sleep), an increased vulnerability to delayed sleep phase syndrome, and more nightmares and dream anxiety, compared with healthy individuals. Future research should use both objective and subjective sleep measures, include clinical comparison groups, and focus specifically on young people with BPD.

scholarly journals Neurobiological and Hormonal Mechanisms Regulating Women’s Sleep

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alanna Dorsey ◽  
Luis de Lecea ◽  
Kimberly J. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ovarian Hormones ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Sleep

Sleep is crucial for optimal well-being, and sex differences in sleep quality have significant implications for women’s health. We review the current literature on sex differences in sleep, such as differences in objective and subjective sleep measures and their relationship with aging. We then discuss the convincing evidence for the role of ovarian hormones in regulating female sleep, and survey how these hormones act on a multitude of brain regions and neurochemicals to impact sleep. Lastly, we identify several important areas in need of future research to narrow the knowledge gap and improve the health of women and other understudied populations.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cortisol Changes during the Night and Subjective and Objective Sleep Quality in Healthy Older People

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
Matias M. Pulopulos ◽  
Vanesa Hidalgo ◽  
Sara Puig-Perez ◽  
Teresa Montoliu ◽  
Alicia Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Older People ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the nighttime cortisol release was associated with subjective and objective sleep quality and the discrepancy between them. Forty-five healthy older adults (age range from 56 to 75 years) collected salivary samples immediately before sleep and immediately after awakening on two consecutive nights. Actigraphy was used to assess objective sleep quality and quantity. A sleep diary was used to assess subjective sleep quality. Linear mixed models were performed using subjective and objective sleep quality data from 76 nights to investigate between-subject associations. We observed that larger changes in cortisol levels between sleep onset and awakening, reflecting a healthier circadian rhythm of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, were associated with better subjective sleep quality, but not with objective sleep quality. Moreover, smaller changes in nighttime cortisol were associated with lower subjective sleep quality relative to objective sleep quality. All these results were observed even after controlling for important confounders such as sleep quantity, age, sex, subjective socioeconomic status, stress perception, depression, physical activity, and adherence to the salivary sampling protocol. This study demonstrates that subjective sleep quality in older people may be explained, to some extent, by the activity of the HPA axis.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Self-Compassion and Sleep Quality: An Overview of a Seven-Year German Research Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Butz ◽  
Dagmar Stahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Intervention Effects ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Self Compassion

Poor sleep quality is highly prevalent in modern societies and negatively linked to various health outcomes. While previous research has demonstrated preliminary evidence for self-compassion as a tool for improving sleep quality, this review provides a meta-analysis of respective published and unpublished results of our own research group using German samples. A total of nine studies are included (N = 956 participants), consisting of both correlational and experimental data. Across these studies, there was a medium correlation between self-compassion and subjective sleep quality, r = 0.303, 95% CI (0.244; 0.360). In three experimental studies, a small increase in participants’ self-reported sleep quality emerged, in comparison to control conditions, Hedges’ s g = 0.484, 95% CI (0.148; 0.821). Limitations on study level concern both the small sample sizes and short-term analyses of intervention effects. As a conclusion, this review supports both the correlational and causal relationship between self-compassion and increased subjective sleep quality across diverse operationalizations and samples. Future research should focus on the moderating effects of intervention type, duration of intervention effects, and type of target population.

321 Subjective Sleep and NEO Five Factor Personality Domains in Individuals with Primary Insomnia Compared to Good Sleeper Controls

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A128-A129
Author(s):  
Henry Orff ◽  
Guadalupe Rivera ◽  
Erin Almklov
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Primary Insomnia ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Abstract Introduction Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in adults. Primary Insomnia (PI) can be specified in cases where the insomnia symptoms cannot be overtly attributed to medical, psychiatric, or environmental reasons. Although the underlying predisposing causes of insomnia are unclear, one possible contributing factor may be personality traits. To date no consensus on the relationship between insomnia and personality has been determined, although many studies have found a general association with neuroticism. To better explore these associations, this study compared NEO Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits with measures of subjective sleep in PIs and Good Sleeper (GS) controls. Methods Nine PI and nine GS matched for age, sex, and education were studied. Each participant was administered the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and NEO FFM. Participants also completed a sleep diary for 1-week. ANOVAs compared PI vs GS on ISI, PSQI, NEO FFM, and 7-day averaged data from the sleep diary. Lastly, sleep variables were collapsed across groups and Pearson correlations were run to explore the relationship between sleep and personality. Results PIs (4M/5F, age=39.6+/-10.1, education=16.0+/-1.7) and GSs (4M/5F, age=38.6+/-7, education=15.1+/-1.5) showed significant differences in ISI (p<.001) and PSQI (p<.001) total scores. Additionally, the groups differed on diary measures of total sleep (p=.001), sleep efficiency (SE: p<.001), sleep latency (p=.005), and wake after sleep onset (p<.001). On the NEO FFM only the Agreeableness domain was found to differentiate the two groups (p=.004). Pearson correlations found significant negative relationships for Agreeableness with ISI (r= -.625/p=.006), PSQI (r= -.611/p=.007), and a significant positive relationship with SE from the sleep diary (r=.602/p=.008). Conclusion In a small but well-matched study of PI and GS, significant differences in Agreeableness on the NEO FFM were observed. Lower levels of agreeableness were associated with poorer sleep on the ISI and PSQI, and lower SE on the sleep diaries. Unlike other published reports this study did not find a relationship between insomnia and neuroticism, which may reflect the use of a well-screened Primary Insomnia sample with limited comorbidities. Future research should determine if other insomnia subtypes (e.g., psychophysiological, paradoxical insomnia) are associated with different personality profiles. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Yoga nidra practice shows improvement in sleep in patients with chronic insomnia: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
KARUNA DATTA ◽  
MANJARI TRIPATHI ◽  
MANSI VERMA ◽  
DEEPIKA MASIWAL ◽  
HRUDA NANDA MALLICK
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Chronic Insomnia ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality ◽  
Subjective Sleep ◽  
Yoga Nidra

Background Yoga nidra is practised by sages for sleep. The practice is simple to use and has been clearly laid out, but its role in the treatment of chronic insomnia has not been well studied. Methods In this randomized parallel-design study conducted during 2012–16, we enrolled 41 patients with chronic insomnia to receive conventional intervention of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (n=20) or yoga nidra (n=21). Outcome measures were both subjective using a sleep diary and objective using polysomnography (PSG). Salivary cortisol levels were also measured. PSG was done before the intervention in all patients and repeated only in those who volunteered for the same. Results Both interventions showed an improvement in subjective total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, reduction in total wake duration and enhancement in subjective sleep quality. Objectively, both the interventions improved TST and total wake duration and increased N1% of TST. Yoga nidra showed marked improvement in N2% and N3% in TST. Salivary cortisol reduced statistically significantly after yoga nidra (p=0.041). Conclusion Improvement of N3 sleep, total wake duration and subjective sleep quality occurred following yoga nidra practice. Yoga nidra practice can be used for treatment of chronic insomnia after supervised practice sessions.

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