scholarly journals Association of Body Condition Score with Ultrasound Measurements of Backfat and Longissimus Dorsi Muscle Thickness in Periparturient Holstein Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Nektarios Siachos ◽  
Georgios Oikonomou ◽  
Nikolaos Panousis ◽  
Georgios Banos ◽  
Georgios Arsenos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements

Most cows experience a period of nutrient deficit during the periparturient period. Body condition scoring (BCS) is widely used on farms to assess body nutrient reserves and mobilization. The aims of this study were to: (i) determine the association of BCS with ultrasound measurements of backfat (BFT) and longissimus dorsi muscle thickness (LDT) during the periparturient period of Holstein cows from different herds, accounting for potential sources of variation, such as herd, parity and period relative to calving and (ii) establish reference intervals (RIs) for BFT and LDT per BCS estimate. Two-hundred and fifty-two cows from six commercial farms were used. Body condition scores, BFT and LDT were assessed at seven time-points during the periparturient period. Assessments of BCS estimates as predictors of BFT and LDT and the contribution of BFT and LDT to BCS estimates were performed with the use of linear mixed models. Reference intervals for BFT and LDT per BCS estimate were established with the Reference Value Advisor. One unit of BCS change was associated with 8.2 mm of BFT and 10.9 mm of LDT pre- and postpartum. Range of BFT and LDT in established RIs per BCS was wide with significant overlap. Both subcutaneous fat and, to a lesser degree, skeletal muscle reserves contribute to BCS estimation. Repeated BCS estimations credibly predict energy balance status in periparturient dairy cows. The metabolic state of muscle tissue should be assessed by repeated ultrasound measurements.

EFFECTS OF PRERIGOR CHILLING AND FREEZING AND SUBCUTANEOUS FAT COVER UPON THE HISTOLOGICAL AND SHEAR PROPERTIES OF BOVINE LONGISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. JEREMIAH ◽  
A. H. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Shear Properties ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Textural Parameters

A total of 119 bovine carcasses were utilized in three separate but related experiments to evaluate histological and textural parameters of the longissimus dorsi muscle at 45 min postmortem (unchilled), at 90 min postmortem (45 min cooler chill) and after a 24-h chill in a cooler at 2 °C. Samples were also examined after prerigor (90 min postmortem) freezing at −18 °C and subsequent slow thawing (24 h at 2 °C). The composite results of these experiments provide no evidence that conventional chilling of carcasses, with a subcutaneous fat cover of 4.57–19.56 mm at the eleventh thoracic vertebra, produced detrimental effects (P < 0.05) upon certain histological or textural properties of bovine longissimus dorsi muscle. However, prerigor freezing and subsequent thawing produced substantial (P < 0.05) effects on the susceptibility of fibers to fragmentation and incidence of wavy fibers, but did not produce detrimental effects (P > 0.05) on tenderness under the conditions imposed in the present study. The results from the present study also demonstrated that the issues involved in the transition of muscle to meat are far from resolved, and that additional research will be required to document fully the relevance of carcass chilling and meat handling procedures to meat quality. Key words: Beef, histological properties, shear values, prerigor chilling, prerigor freezing, fat cover

The relationships of collagen and ADAMTS2 expressionlevels with meat quality traits in cattle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. H. Zhang ◽  
H. .Liao ◽  
Y. X. Qi ◽  
Y. Q. Wang ◽  
Y. Z. Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the major macromolecule in skeletal muscle, and collagen is main component of ECM surrounding muscle fiber and adipocyte, which affect meat quality greatly. The remodeling of ECM is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases, such as ADAMTS2, which is essential for the maturation of triple helical collagen fibrils in body. The expression patterns of COL1A1, COL2A1, COL3A1 and ADAMTS2 in longissimus dorsi muscle were explored by qRT-PCR and results indicated that the expression levels of COL1A1, COL3A1 and ADAMTS2 were significantly higher at 3 and 24 month, while significantly lower at 12 and 30 month. The expression of ADAMTS2 and COL1A1 had significant positive relationships with intramuscular fat content, while expression of COL3A1 had significant positive relationship with shearing force and water holding capacity in cattle. The expression levels of collagen and ADAMTS2 were significantly higher in mesenteric fat, mammary fat pad and subcutaneous fat than in longissimus dorsi muscle, biceps femoris and infraspinitus tissues. The expressions levels of COL1A1, COL3A1 and ADAMTS2 were significantly lower in marbling fat than in other fat tissues. This study indicated that the expression of collagen and ADAMTS2 had important effects on postnatal skeletal muscle development and meat quality.

scholarly journals Expression Changes of Caveolin Family Genes in Longissimus Dorsi Muscle and Back Subcutaneous Fat of Two Pig Breeds

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiren Gu ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Xiaohui Chen ◽  
Xuemei Yang ◽  
Xuan Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

Relationship between body condition scores and ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat and m. longissimus dorsi in dairy cows differing in size and type

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schwager-Suter ◽  
C. Stricker ◽  
D. Erdin ◽  
N. Künzi
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Body Condition Scores

AbstractIn the present study body condition scores (BCS), ultrasound fat thickness and ultrasound m. longissimus dorsi thickness as well as body measurements and management factors were recorded repeatedly during lactation in 71 Holstein-Friesians, 71 Jerseys and 71 Holstein-Jersey F1-crosses (first to ninth lactation) on four feeding regimens. BCS were analysed with ultrasound measurements as explanatory variables by mixed models. A compound symmetry structure for the variance components was applied. The models were also tested for an autoregressive error structure [AR(1)]. Ultrasound fat thickness and ultrasound m. longissimus dorsi thickness explained most of the variability in BCS. Coefficients of determination were between 0•84 and 0•85. Management factors such as feeding group and stage of lactation (week of taking measurements) and the breed type ✕ lactation interaction were, although significant, not relevant for the fit. Holsteins tended to have lower scores than F1-crosses and Jerseys and younger cows tended to have higher scores than older cows. Despite small differences between breeds, Edmonson’s BCS proved to be consistent within each breed type; thus BCS can be applied to various dairy breeds.

Association of body condition score with ultrasound backfat and longissimus dorsi muscle depth in different breeds of dairy sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 104019
Author(s):  
S.A. Termatzidou ◽  
N. Siachos ◽  
G.E. Valergakis ◽  
A. Georgakopoulos ◽  
M.N. Patsikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Condition Score

Reliability of ultrasound-measured muscle thickness of the longissimus dorsi muscle in Thoroughbreds

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Abe ◽  
C.F. Kearns ◽  
B. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
T1 And T2

The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of B-mode ultrasound measured muscle thickness of the longissimus dorsi muscle in horses. Thirteen Thoroughbreds (5 colts, 5 fillies and 3 mares) had their muscle thickness measured by B-mode ultrasound at four sites; the longissimus dorsi (LD at 30%, 50% and 70% of back length) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscle on two separate test sessions (T1 and T2). Paired t-tests revealed that there was no systematic bias in any of the muscle thickness measures. There were high intraclass correlation coefficients between the LD muscle thickness at 30, 50 and 70% of back length obtained at the T1 and T2 measurements (range: 0.95-0.98). The ECR muscle thickness was positively correlated to body weight and fat-free mass while LD muscle thickness at 50% and 70% of back length did not correlate to body dimensions. Our results suggest that ultrasound measures of muscle thickness of the LD and ECR muscles are reliable and repeatable when taken with the horse standing in a relaxed and evenly balanced position.

Programming of postnatal phenotype caused by exposure of cultured embryos from Brahman cattle to colony stimulating factor 2 and serum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliab Estrada-Cortés ◽  
Elizabeth A Jannaman ◽  
Jeremy Block ◽  
Thiago Amaral ◽  
Peter J Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract Alterations in the environment of the preimplantation embryo can affect competence to establish pregnancy and phenotype of resultant calves. In this study, the bovine embryo produced in vitro was used to evaluate postnatal programming actions of the embryokine colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) and serum, which is a common additive of culture media. Oocytes were collected by ovum pick up from Brahman donors and fertilized with semen from Brahman bulls. Embryos were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: control, CSF2 10 ng/mL, or serum 1% (v/v). Treatments were added to the culture medium from day 5 to 7 after fertilization. Blastocysts were harvested at day 7 and transferred into crossbred recipients. Postnatal body growth and Longissimus dorsi muscle characteristics of the resultant calves were measured. The percent of cleaved embryos becoming blastocysts was increased by serum and, to a lesser extent, CSF2. Treatment did not affect survival after embryo transfer but gestation length was shortest for pregnancies established with serum-treated embryos. Treatment did not significantly affect postnatal body weight or growth. At 3 mo of age, CSF2 calves had lower fat content in the Longissimus dorsi muscle and less subcutaneous fat over the muscle than vehicle calves. There was a tendency for cross-sectional area of the muscle to be smaller for serum calves than vehicle calves. Results confirm the importance of the preimplantation period as a window to modulate postnatal phenotype of resultant calves. In particular, CSF2 exerted actions during the preimplantation period to program characteristics of accumulation of intramuscular and subcutaneous fat of resultant calves. The use of a low serum concentration in culture medium from day 5 to 7 of development can increase yield of transferrable embryos without causing serious negative consequences for the offspring.

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