scholarly journals Three Manual Noncommercial Methods to Prepare Equine Platelet-Rich Plasma

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Lorenzo G. T. M. Segabinazzi ◽  
Giorgia Podico ◽  
Michael F. Rosser ◽  
Som G. Nanjappa ◽  
Marco A. Alvarenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Upright Position ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Platelet Concentration ◽  
Manual Methods ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Over Time

In light of PRP’s increasing popularity in veterinary practice, this study aimed to compare three manual methods to prepare and cool equine PRP. The blood of 18 clinically healthy mares was collected via venipuncture in a blood transfusion bag (method 1), blood tubes (method 2), and a syringe (method 3). In method 1, samples were double centrifuged; method 2 involved one centrifugation, and in method 3 the syringe was kept in an upright position to sediment for 4 h. After processing with three methods, PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were extracted and assessed for red (RBC) and white blood cell counts (WBC), platelet counts, and viability. In a subset of mares (n = 6), samples were processed with the three methods, and PRP was evaluated at 6 and 24 h postcooling at 5 °C. Method 1 resulted in the highest and method 3 in the lowest platelet concentration (p < 0.05), and the latter also had greater contamination with WBC than the others (p < 0.001). Platelet viability was similar across treatments (p > 0.05). Cooling for 24 h did not affect platelet counts in all methods (p > 0.05); however, platelet viability was reduced after cooling PRP produced by method 3 (p = 0.04), and agglutination increased over time in all methods (p < 0.001). The three methods increased (1.8–5.6-fold) platelet concentration in PRP compared to whole blood without compromising platelet viability. In conclusion, all three methods concentrated platelets and while cooling affected their viability. It remains unknown whether the different methods and cooling would affect PRP’s clinical efficacy.

scholarly journals Obesity, White Blood Cell Counts, and Platelet Counts among Police Officers**

Obesity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2846-2854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luenda E. Charles ◽  
Desta Fekedulegn ◽  
Terika McCall ◽  
Cecil M. Burchfiel ◽  
Michael E. Andrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts

GMA161 Treatment of Refractory ITP: Efficacy of Fcγ-RIII Blockade.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1074-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Bussel ◽  
Vivek Patel ◽  
Cynthia Dunbar ◽  
Stephen Lemery ◽  
Krista Tibbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Repeated Dosing ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Moderate Nausea ◽  
Refractory Itp

Abstract Background: GMA161 is a humanized version of a monoclonal anti-Fcγ-RIII antibody, 3G8, that was in clinical trial in the second half of the 1980s. Infusion of 25 mg of 3G8 (0.25–0.5mg/kg) resulted in transient but dramatic responses in approximately 50% of refractory ITP patients who did not respond to IVIG. It was unclear why certain patients did not respond. Since 3G8 is a mouse monoclonal antibody, it could not be reinfused because of the development of HAMA. Furthermore, there was marked neutropenia and depletion of NK cells (the CD16-expressing leukocytes) and there were significant fever-chill-vomiting reactions that were triggered by the antibody-Fcγ-RIII interaction. Preventing the reactions required a cocktail of methylprednisolone, diphenhydramine, acetaminophen and metaclopramide. GMA161, in addition to being humanized, has the Fc portion denuded of carbohydrates to reduce the binding of its Fc portion to Fc receptors. Methods: The first cohort of 4 patients with chronic ITP (table) and platelet counts &lt; 30,000/ul each received a single infusion of 0.1 mg/kg of GMA161 over 30 minutes. Results: Two of the 4 patients responded with peak platelet counts of 108,000/ul (from 27,000/ul) and 45,000/ul (from 11,000/ul) [figure 1]. Both had had ITP for &gt; 20 years, failed splenectomy and also failed multiple previous therapies including rituximab, cyclophosphamide, steroids, danazol, and IVIg among others. The responses to GMA161 were short-lived, lasting between 7 and 10 days and, as shown in figure 1, the platelet counts peaked at slightly different times. Figure 2 illustrates the dramatic decrease in the WBC count occurring immediately after infusion but then rapidly returning to baseline; this decrease was apparent in all types of white cells, not just neutrophils. The first patient had marked chills, fever, and vomiting 2 hours after infusion; this was reminscent of reactions to 3G8. She received IV methylprednisolone with resolution. The second patient had mild-moderate nausea. The third and fourth patients received acetaminophen, diphenhydramine and ondansetron premedication and had no adverse events. Conclusions: The findings are exciting because this cohort received the starting (lowest) dose of GMA161, 0.1mg/kg, and yet had reasonable activity. The toxicity was minimal with appropriate premedication. In the next cohort, better responses may be anticipated since they will be receiving 0.3 mg/kg. The hope would be that repeated dosing might have a more lasting effect, in at least a subset of patients. GMA161: Cohort #1 Patient ID Age (yrs) Sex Splenectomy Duration of Disease (ITP) Months Major Bleeding Major Diagnoses Previous Treatments #1 29 Female Yes 90 No Anemia 7 #2 32 Female Yes No #3 70 Male Yes 300 No Diabetes 4 #4 59 Female Yes 120 Yes (ICH) Stroke/Asthma 6 Figure 1: Platelet counts of Responders to GMA 161 treatment Figure 1:. Platelet counts of Responders to GMA 161 treatment Figure 2: Mean White Blood Cell Counts of patients treated with GMA 161 Figure 2:. Mean White Blood Cell Counts of patients treated with GMA 161

scholarly journals Hematological parameters and prevalence of anemia in white and British Indian vegetarians and nonvegetarians in the UK Biobank

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Y N Tong ◽  
Timothy J Key ◽  
Kezia Gaitskell ◽  
Timothy J Green ◽  
Wenji Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
The Uk

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere may be differences in hematological parameters between meat-eaters and vegetarians.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to perform cross-sectional analyses of hematological parameters by diet group in a large cohort in the United Kingdom.MethodsA complete blood count was carried out in all UK Biobank participants at recruitment (2006–2010). We examined hemoglobin, red and white blood cell counts, and platelet counts and volume in regular meat eaters (>3 times/wk of red/processed meat consumption, n = 212,831), low meat eaters (n = 213,092), poultry eaters (n = 4815), fish eaters (n = 10,042), vegetarians (n = 6548), and vegans (n = 398) of white ethnicity and meat eaters (n = 3875) and vegetarians (n = 1362) of British Indian ethnicity.ResultsIn both white and British Indian populations, compared with regular meat eaters (or meat eaters in Indians), the other diet groups had up to 3.7% lower age-adjusted hemoglobin concentrations (difference not significant in white vegan women) and were generally more likely to have anemia (e.g., 8.7% of regular meat eaters compared with 12.8% of vegetarians in white premenopausal women; P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). In the white population, compared with regular meat eaters, all other diet groups had lower age- and sex-adjusted total white cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils (P-heterogeneity < 0.001 for all), but basophil counts were similar across diet groups; in British Indians, there was no significant difference in any of the white blood cell counts by diet group. Compared with white regular meat eaters, the low meat eaters, poultry eaters, fish eaters, and vegans had significantly lower platelet counts and higher platelet volume, whereas vegetarians had higher counts and lower volume. Compared with British Indian meat eaters, vegetarians had higher platelet count and lower volume.ConclusionsIn the UK Biobank, people with low or no red meat intake generally had lower hemoglobin concentrations and were slightly more likely to be anemic. The lower white blood cell counts observed in low and non-meat eaters, and differences in mean platelet counts and volume between diet groups, warrant further investigation. This observational study was registered at http://www.isrctn.com/ as ISRCTN10125697.

Transfer of homologous thoracic duct lymphocytes to irradiated rats

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (5) ◽  
pp. 824-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Anderson ◽  
D. M. Whitelaw
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Total Body

Lymphocytes from the thoracic duct of rats were injected intraperitoneally into homologous rats previously exposed to 900 rads of total body radiation. Repeated white blood cell counts, platelet counts and polychromatophilia and reticulocyte counts provided no evidence that the transplanted cells were able to repopulate the bone marrow.

An Alternative Elastase-mediated Degradation of Fibrinogen and Fibrin Observed in a Patient with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis and Pneumonia

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (02) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji lijima ◽  
Fumiyo Murakami ◽  
Yasushi Horie ◽  
Katsumi Nakamura ◽  
Shiro Ikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis ◽  
Pmn Elastase ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Pmn Élastase

SummaryA 74-year-old female developed pneumonia following herpes simplex encephalitis. Her white blood cell counts reached 28,400/μl, about 90% of which consisted of granulocytes. The polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase/α1-arantitrypsin complex levels increased and reached the maximum of 5,019 ng/ml, indicating the release of a large amount of elastase derived from the granulocytes. The mechanism of PMN elastase release was most likely to be granulocyte destruction associated with phagocytosis. The cleavage of fibrinogen and fibrin by PMN elastase, independent of plasmin, was indicated by the presence of the fragments in immunoprecipitated plasma from the patient corresponding to elastase-induced FDP D and DD fragments and the absence of fragments corresponding to plasmin-induced FDP D and DD fragments on SDS-PAGE. These findings suggested that the large amount of PMN elastase released from the excessive numbers of granulocytes in this patient with herpes simplex encephalitis and pneumonia, induced the cleavage of fibrinogen and fibrin without the participation of plasmin.

Mediational g-formula for time-varying treatment and repeated-measured multiple mediators: Application to atorvastatin’s effect on cardiovascular disease via cholesterol lowering and anti-inflammatory actions in elderly type 2 diabetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 096228022110259
Author(s):  
Shintaro Yamamuro ◽  
Tomohiro Shinozaki ◽  
Satoshi Iimuro ◽  
Yutaka Matsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Inflammatory Action

Modern causal mediation theory has formalized several types of indirect and direct effects of treatment on outcomes regarding specific mediator variables. We reviewed and unified distinct approaches to estimate the “interventional” direct and indirect effects for multiple mediators and time-varying variables. This study was motivated by a clinical trial of elderly type-2 diabetic patients in which atorvastatin was widely prescribed to control patients’ cholesterol levels to reduce diabetic complications, including cardiovascular disease. Among atorvastatin’s preventive side-effects (pleiotropic effects), we focus on its anti-inflammatory action as measured by white blood cell counts. Hence, we estimate atorvastatin’s interventional indirect effects through cholesterol lowering and through anti-inflammatory action, and interventional direct effect bypassing these two actions. In our analysis, total effect (six-year cardiovascular disease risk difference) estimated by standard plug-in g-formula of −3.65% (95% confidence interval: −10.29%, 4.38%) is decomposed into indirect effect via low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.90% [−1.91%, −0.07%]), via white blood cell counts (−0.03% [−0.22%, 0.11%]), and direct effect (−2.84% [−9.71%, 5.41%]) by the proposed parametric mediational g-formula. The SAS program and its evaluation via simulated datasets are provided in the Supplemental materials.

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