scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of the Inspired Oxygen Fraction on Blood Oxygenation during Inhalant Anaesthesia in Horses: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2245
Author(s):  
Ioannis Savvas ◽  
Kiriaki Pavlidou ◽  
Christina Braun ◽  
Stijn Schauvliege ◽  
Francesco Staffieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Inhalation Anaesthesia ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

In anaesthetized horses, pronounced ventilation/perfusion mismatching often occurs. Several authors have investigated the effect of lower inspired oxygen fractions (FiO2) to reduce formation of absorption atelectasis. This systematic review compared the effects of low (<0.6) and high (>0.8) FiO2 on the arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), the alveolar-to-arterial oxygen tension difference (P(A-a)O2), and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio in horses during inhalation anaesthesia. Using the Systematic Review Protocol for Animal Intervention Studies, four experimental and one clinical investigations were deemed suitable for inclusion. A meta-analysis was performed on the four experimental studies. The PaO2 was significantly lower (p = 0.0007, mean difference −23.54 kPa, 95% CI −37.18, −9.90) with a lower FiO2. However, the P(A-a)O2 was also significantly lower (p < 0.00001, mean difference −20.80 kPa, 95% CI −26.28, −15.32) when using a low FiO2. For the PaO2/FiO2 ratio, only one study fitted the inclusion criteria, so no meta-analysis was performed. It is concluded that, while only a limited number of studies are available, the use of a higher FiO2 in horses during inhalation anaesthesia will result in higher levels of PaO2, but also a larger P(A-a)O2 difference. Further studies are needed to increase the level of evidence on this subject.

Extrapulmonary factors influencing the ratio of arterial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen concentration in burn patients

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 492-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. JEEVENDRA MARTYN ◽  
NAOKI AIKAWA ◽  
ROGER S. WILSON ◽  
STANISLAW K. SZYFELBEIN ◽  
JOHN F. BURKE
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

scholarly journals Alveolar-Arterial Oxygen Tension Difference: A Critical Look

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Torda
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oxygen Fraction ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

By rearranging the terms of the pulmonary shunt equation the physiological factors affecting alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference can be examined. The effect of the inspired oxygen fraction and haemoglobin concentration are illustrated. It is demonstrated that there is an important cardiac output dependent term which has considerable effect. Therefore the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference cannot be used as a reliable measure of pulmonary function. This is illustrated with data from two case histories.

scholarly journals The Effect of Halothane-Nitrous Oxide Anaesthesia and Spontaneous Ventilation on Arterial Blood Oxygenation and Physiological Deadspace

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
M. Morgan ◽  
J. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Oxide Anaesthesia

Arterial blood, inspired and expired gas samples were taken from seven patients anaesthetized with halothane (1–2 per cent) and nitrous oxide in oxygen and who breathed spontaneously. Over a two hour period, the average arterial oxygen tension was 75 mm Hg and carbon dioxide tension 49 mm Hg. No significant deterioration of either blood gas value occurred during the two hours. The dead-space/tidal volume ratio and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference did not alter significantly during the period of the study.

OXYGEN THERAPY IN THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1087
Author(s):  
Jerold F. Lucey ◽  
Marvin Cornblath ◽  
Stanley N. Graven ◽  
Sheldon B. Korones ◽  
L. Stanley James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Retrolental Fibroplasia ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

The following recommendations will appear in the revision of the manual, Standards and Recommendations for Hospital Care of Newborn Infants, scheduled for publication early in 1971. Because the Committee felt a sense of urgency to provide these recommendations to pediatricians, family physicians, and other health professionals caring for newborn infants, they are being published prior to appearance of the manual. The statement has had extensive review by a large number of experts not on the Committee, and their comments and suggestions have been followed in the preparation of the final draft. It was also reviewed and approved by the Committee on Drugs of the Academy at their meeting in San Francisco October 24, 1970. When a newborn infant needs extra oxygen, it must be administered with great care because there is a causal relationship between a higher than normal oxygen tension in arterial blood (60 to 100 mm Hg) and retrolental fibroplasia (retinopathy of prematurity). When the normal O2 tension is exceeded, there is an increased risk of retrolental fibroplasia. The upper limit of arterial oxygen tension and its duration which are safe for these infants is not known. It is probable that even concentrations of 40% of inspired oxygen (formerly considered safe) could be dangerous for some infants. An inspired oxygen concentration of 40% may be insufficient for infants with cardiorespiratory disease to raise the oxygen tension of arterial blood to a normal level. In such instances, an inspired oxygen concentration of 60%, 80%, or higher may be necessary.

Prediction of inspired oxygen fraction for targeted arterial oxygen tension following open heart surgery in non-smoking and smoking patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Bou-Khalil ◽  
Salah Zeineldine ◽  
Robert Chatburn ◽  
Chakib Ayyoub ◽  
Farouk Elkhatib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Open Heart ◽  
Oxygen Fraction ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of MLC901 (NeuroAiD IITM) for Acute Ischemic Brain Injury in Animal Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2110392
Author(s):  
I. G. M. Aswin R. Ranuh ◽  
Gadis Meinar Sari ◽  
Budi Utomo ◽  
Nur Setiawan Suroto ◽  
Asra Al Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Infarction Volume

Introduction. Moleac (MLC) 901 is a traditional Chinese medication approved by the Sino Food and Drug Administration in 2001 for treating stroke. This study aims to analyze the efficacy of MLC901 in animal stroke models after medial cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Methods. Literature selection was performed according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) 2015. Inclusion criteria for the experimental studies were the use of animal models, publication in English between 1990 and 2020, information regarding the intervention technique used, and outcomes regarding the efficacy of MLC901 administration. Results. MLC901 administration resulted in significantly less infarction volume by a mean difference of 17.17 compared to the control group (p < .00001). The MLC901 group resulted in significant improvement in 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells expression by a mean difference of 662.79 (p < .00001) and neurological function, which was indicated by a mean difference in the Bederson Neurological Outcome Score of 1.40 (p < .00001). Conclusions. MLC901 administration in an animal stroke model resulted in a better reduction in infarction volume and improvement in BrdU expression and neurologic function. These data could help in further determining the efficacy of MLC901 for acute ischemic brain injury in humans.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Melatonin against Severe Burn-Induced Distant Organ Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Experimental Studies

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Dewan Md. Sumsuzzman ◽  
Jeonghyun Choi ◽  
Zeeshan Ahmad Khan ◽  
Yonggeun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Burn ◽  
Distant Organ

Extensive burns result in a local wound response and distant-organ injury (DOI) caused by oxidative-stress and inflammation. Melatonin (MT) shows promise in alleviating oxidative-stress and inflammation, but its role in thermal injury is largely unexplored. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were designed to assess the effects of MT on oxidative-stress and inflammatory markers against severe burn-induced DOI. Mean difference (MD)/standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using fixed-effect/random-effects models. Eighteen experimental studies met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the control group, MT significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (SMD, −1.03; 95% CI, −1.30, −0.76, p < 0.00001) and 4-hydroxynonenal (MD, −1.06; 95% CI, −1.57, −0.56, p < 0.0001). Additionally, MT increased the levels of glutathione (SMD, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.27, 2.61, p < 0.00001) and superoxide-dismutase (SMD, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.08, 1.45, p = 0.03). Finally, MT significantly decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (SMD, −1.34; 95% CI, −1.92 to −0.77; p < 0.00001) and C-reactive protein (MD, −12.67; 95% CI, −16.72 to −8.62; p < 0.00001). Meta-analysis indicates that severe burn followed by immediate MT (10 mg/kg) intervention shows significant beneficial effects after 24-h against DOI by regulating oxidative-stress and the inflammatory response.

The Effects of Hypoxia on Myocardial Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption: Negative Role of Beta Adrenoreceptors

1971 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Vance ◽  
J. R. Parratt ◽  
I. McA. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Inspired Oxygen

1. Myocardial blood flow was measured by using a 133xenon clearance technique in closed-chest dogs anaesthetized with trichlorethylene. A gradual decrease in the inspired oxygen tension resulted in an increase in myocardial blood flow only when the Pa,o2 fell to between 30 and 35 mmHg. 2. When hypoxia was rapidly induced and sustained for a mean period of 18.3 min, myocardial blood flow markedly increased (from a mean of 118 ± 5 to 162±6 ml 100 g−1 min−1). There was a critical mean arterial oxygen tension (35 mmHg) above which increases in myocardial blood flow did not occur. This corresponded to a mean coronary sinus Po2 of 18 mmHg or an oxygen content of 50 ml/100 ml. These flow increases were not dependent on changes in arterial or coronary sinus pH or carbon dioxide tension, nor were they dependent on changes in perfusion pressure or heart rate. 3. Despite the fact that oxygen availability was substantially decreased, myocardial oxygen consumption was maintained throughout the period of hypoxia by means of increased oxygen extraction. 4. Towards the end of the hypoxic period, Pa,co2 rose significantly from 40 ± 1 to 48 ± 1.5 mmHg. There was no significant change in the non-respiratory component of acid-base balance. 5. During prolonged hypoxia (more than 30 min) myocardial blood flow remained consistently elevated, but oxygen consumption tended to fall progressively and this was associated with an increasingly severe metabolic acidosis. The haemodynamic and oxygen consumption changes returned to normal within a short time (15 min) after the resumption of a normal inspired oxygen concentration, as did the frequently observed electrocardiographic disturbances. 6. The responses to hypoxia were unaffected by a combination of atropine and propranolol. There was no evidence either that hypoxia-induced coronary vasodilatation was mediated through vascular β-adrenoreceptors or that propranolol interfered with the self-regulating control of myocardial blood flow. It has been recognized for some time that hypoxia is capable of producing considerable increases in blood flow in the myocardium (Hilton & Eichholtz, 1925; Eckenhoff, Haf kenschiel, Landmesser & Harmel, 1947; Berne, Blackmon & Gardner, 1957; Feinberg, Gerola & Katz, 1958; Aukland, Kiil, Kjekshus & Semb, 1967). Little is known, however, about the exact relationship between arterial oxygen tension and myocardial blood flow. Further, although several factors associated with hypoxia are known to influence myocardial blood flow, the relative importance of each is uncertain; such factors include a direct effect of hypoxia on coronary vascular smooth muscle and indirect effects relating to changes in perfusion pressure, heart rate, extravascular support and associated metabolic disturbances. Likewise, the influence of neurogenic factors on myocardial vascular tone during hypoxia has not been systematically examined.

Puerarin for OVX-Induced Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Murine Model: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Yang ◽  
Haishi Zheng ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Dingjun Hao ◽  
Baorong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Searching Strategy

Aims/Background: Ovariectomy (OVX)-induced murine model is widely used for postmenopausal osteoporosis study. Our current study was conducted to systematically review and essentially quantified the bone mass enhancing effect of puerarin on treating OVX-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis in murine model. Methods: Literatures from PUBMED, EMBASE, and CNKI were involved in our searching strategy by limited the inception date to January 9th, 2019. Moreover, the enhancing effect of puerarin on bone mass compared to OVX-induced rats is evaluated by four independent reviewers. Finally, all the data were extracted, quantified and analyzed via RevMan, besides that in our current review study, we assessed the methodological quality for each involved study. Results: Based on the searching strategy, eight randomization studies were finally included in current meta-analysis and systematic review. According to the data analysis by RevMan, puerarin could improve bone mineral density (BMD); (eight studies, n=203; weighted mean difference, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.03-0.07; P<0.0001) using a random-effects model. There is no significant difference between puerarin and estrogen (seven studies, n=184; weighted mean difference, 0.00; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.00; P=0.30). Conclusions: Puerarin showed upregulating effects on bone mass in OVX-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis in murine model. More studies of the effect of puerarin on bone density in OVX animals are needed.

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