Puerarin for OVX-Induced Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Murine Model: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Yang ◽  
Haishi Zheng ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Dingjun Hao ◽  
Baorong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Searching Strategy

Aims/Background: Ovariectomy (OVX)-induced murine model is widely used for postmenopausal osteoporosis study. Our current study was conducted to systematically review and essentially quantified the bone mass enhancing effect of puerarin on treating OVX-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis in murine model. Methods: Literatures from PUBMED, EMBASE, and CNKI were involved in our searching strategy by limited the inception date to January 9th, 2019. Moreover, the enhancing effect of puerarin on bone mass compared to OVX-induced rats is evaluated by four independent reviewers. Finally, all the data were extracted, quantified and analyzed via RevMan, besides that in our current review study, we assessed the methodological quality for each involved study. Results: Based on the searching strategy, eight randomization studies were finally included in current meta-analysis and systematic review. According to the data analysis by RevMan, puerarin could improve bone mineral density (BMD); (eight studies, n=203; weighted mean difference, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.03-0.07; P<0.0001) using a random-effects model. There is no significant difference between puerarin and estrogen (seven studies, n=184; weighted mean difference, 0.00; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.00; P=0.30). Conclusions: Puerarin showed upregulating effects on bone mass in OVX-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis in murine model. More studies of the effect of puerarin on bone density in OVX animals are needed.

scholarly journals Effect of Naringin Treatment on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhu Zhu ◽  
Wenjing Xie ◽  
Yanyan Li ◽  
Zaiou Zhu ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Ovx Rats

Background. Osteoporosis is a major disease that affects the quality of life of middle-aged and old people, so it is very important to find efficient and safe drugs to treat osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of naringin on postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods. Chinese biomedical databases, CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, and Wan Fang were searched for articles from inception to March 2020. Two independent researchers screened articles according to inclusion criteria. RevMan 5.3 was used for data analysis. Results. Ten studies were included in the systematic review. The bone mineral density (BMD) significantly increased after naringin treatment (weighted mean difference, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03–0.09; P  < 0.01). There was no significant increase in BMD after estrogen treatment compared with naringin (weighted mean difference, 0.00; 95% CI, −0.00 to 0.01; P  = 0.06). The trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) (weighted mean difference, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.85–2.34; P  < 0.01) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (weighted mean difference, 6.65; 95% CI, 6.55–6.74; P  < 0.01) significantly increased after using naringin. Conclusions. Naringin had been shown to promote bone formation in OVX rats. However, the mechanism of naringin needs more research to confirm.

scholarly journals Effect of Earthworm on Wound Healing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Zhen Ruan ◽  
Rongchao Zhang ◽  
Xuejing Wang ◽  
Ruihui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Healing Rate ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Weighted Mean

Background: Earthworm, also called dilong (Chinese language), has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Recently, some scientists believe that earthworm extracts (EE) can promote wound healing. However, its effectiveness remains controversial. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of EE on wound healing based on the healing rate.Methods: We comprehensively reviewed literature that mentioned EE for wound healing in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, and WanFang database that have been published until January 2021. We computed weighted mean difference (WMD) for analysis with RevMan 5.3 software in animal and human models groups. Two researchers independently selected studies and evaluated the risk of bias with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The quality of the evidence was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. This study is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020168400).Results: From 2,486 articles, we selected 16 studies for analysis. EE treatment was associated with improvements in wound healing performance based on wound healing rate (mouse model: weighted mean difference (WMD) = 3.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.34–4.77, p &lt; 0.00001; rat model: WMD = 17.29, 95% CI: 5.75–28.82, p = 0.003; rabbit model: WMD = 19.29, 95% CI: 9.95–28.64, p &lt; 0.0001). Clinical studies also confirmed that EE could reduce healing time in hospital (WMD = −8.94, 95% CI: −17.75 to −0.14, p = 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated the efficacy of EE on wound healing process. As a corollary, EE can be a useful natural product for wound healing drug development.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=168400, identifier CRD42020168400.

scholarly journals Impact of balloon guide catheter on technical and clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Brinjikji ◽  
Robert M Starke ◽  
M Hassan Murad ◽  
David Fiorella ◽  
Vitor M Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Procedure Time ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Number Of Passes

Background and purposeFlow arrest with balloon guide catheters (BGCs) is becoming increasingly recognized as critical to optimizing patient outcomes for mechanical thrombectomy. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature for studies that compared angiographic and clinical outcomes for patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy with and without BGCs.Materials and methodsIn April 2017 a literature search on BGC and mechanical thrombectomy for stroke was performed. All studies included patients treated with and without BGCs using modern techniques (ie, stent retrievers). Using random effects meta-analysis, we evaluated the following outcomes: first-pass recanalization, Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 3 recanalization, TICI 2b/3 recanalization, favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2), mortality, and mean number of passes and procedure time.ResultsFive non-randomized studies of 2022 patients were included (1083 BGC group and 939 non-BGC group). Compared with the non-BGC group, patients treated with BGCs had higher odds of first-pass recanalization (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.55), TICI 3 (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.17), TICI 2b/3 (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.97), and mRS 0–2 (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.52 to 2.22). BGC-treated patients also had lower odds of mortality (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.73) compared with non-BGC patients. The mean number of passes was significantly lower for BGC-treated patients (weighted mean difference −0.34, 95% CI−0.47 to −0.22). Mean procedure time was also significantly shorter for BGC-treated patients (weighted mean difference −7.7 min, 95% CI−9.0to −6.4).ConclusionsNon-randomized studies suggest that BGC use during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke is associated with superior clinical and angiographic outcomes. Further randomized trials are needed to confirm the results of this study.

On-clamp versus off-clamp robotic partial nephrectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Antonelli ◽  
Alessandro Veccia ◽  
Simone Francavilla ◽  
Riccardo Bertolo ◽  
Pierluigi Bove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Robotic Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The debate on the pros and cons of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy performed with (on-clamp) or without (off-clamp) renal artery clamping is ongoing. The aim of this meta-analysis is to summarize the available evidence on the comparative studies assessing the outcomes of these two approaches. Material and methods: A systematic review of the literature on PubMed, ScienceDirect®, and Embase® was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Statement (PRISMA). Only comparative and case-control studies were submitted to full-text assessment and meta-analysis. RevMan 5.3 software was used. Results: From the initial retrieval of 1937 studies, 15 fulfilling inclusion criteria were selected and provided 2075 patients for analysis (702 off-clamp, 1373 on-clamp). Baseline tumor’s features showed a significant difference in size (weighted mean difference: –0.58 cm; 95% confidence interval: [–1.06, –0.10]; p = 0.02) and R.E.N.A.L. score (weighted mean difference: –0.53; 95% confidence interval: [–0.81, –0.25]; p = 0.0002), but not in the exophytic property, the location, and the PADUA score. Pooled analysis revealed shorter operative time (p = 0.02) and higher estimated blood loss (p = 0.0002) for the off-clamp group. Overall complication and transfusion rates were similar, while higher major complication rate was observed in the on-clamp approach (5.6% vs 1.9%, p = 0.03). No differences in oncological outcomes were found. Finally, functional outcomes (assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate at early postoperative, 3 month, 6 month, and last available follow-up) were not statistically different. Conclusion: This meta-analysis shows that off-clamp robot-assisted partial nephrectomy is reserved to smaller renal masses. Under such conditions, no differences with the on-clamp approach emerged.

scholarly journals The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Sarkhosh-Khorasani ◽  
Zohreh Sadat Sangsefidi ◽  
Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Abstract Background The literature showed that Grape Products Containing Polyphenols (GPCP) had anti-oxidant activity. However, the effects of GPCP on different biomarkers of oxidative stress are still controversial. In this regard, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of Grape Products Containing Polyphenols (GPCP) intake on oxidative stress markers. Methods PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar data bases were searched up to August 20, 2020. A random-effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied for data analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted over 17 eligible RCTs with a total of 633 participants. The study registration number is CRD42019116696. Results A significant increase was observed in Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) (weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.524 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 2.21). Intake of GPCP enhanced Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) (WMD = 0.450 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.66), TAC (WMD = 2.829 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.13, 5.52), and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) (WMD = 0.524 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.62) among healthy participants. Higher GPCP doses increased SOD (WMD = 0.539 U/mgHb, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.82) and ORAC (WMD = 0.377 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.67), whereas longer intervention periods enhanced ORAC (WMD = 0.543 μmol/L, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.64). Conclusion GPCP intake may partly improve status of oxidative stress, but further well-designed trials are required to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Impact of extended lymphadenectomy on morbidity, mortality, recurrence and 5-year survival after gastrectomy for cancer: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Angélica Silva Lustosa ◽  
Humberto Saconato ◽  
Álvaro Nagib Atallah ◽  
Gaspar de Jesus Lopes Filho ◽  
Delcio Matos
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Recurrent Disease ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
D3 Lymphadenectomy ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Statistical Heterogeneity

PURPOSE: To compare morbidity, mortality, recurrence and 5-year survival between D1 and D2 or D3 for treatment of gastric cancer. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. Metaview in RevMan 4.2.8 for analysis; statistical heterogeneity by Cochran's Q test (P<0.1) and I² test (P>50%). Estimates of effect were calculated using random effects model. RESULTS: D2 or D3 was associated with higher in-hospital mortality, with RR = 2.13, p=0.0004, 95% CI, 1.40 to 3.25, I²=0%, P=0.63; overall morbidity showed higher incidence in D2 or D3, RR = 1.98, p<0.00001, 95% CI, 1.64 to 2.38, I² = 33.9%, P=0.20; operating time showed longer duration in D2 or D3, weighted mean difference of 1.05, p<0.00001, 95% CI, 0.71 to 1.38, I² = 78.7%, P=0.03, with significant statistical heterogeneity; reoperation showed higher rate in D2 or D3, with RR = 2.33, p<0.0001, 95% CI, 1.58 to 3.44, I² = 0%, P=0.99; hospital stay showed longer duration in the D2 or D3, with weighted mean difference of 4.72, p<0.00001, 95% CI, 3.80 to 5.65, I² = 89.9%, P<0.00001; recurrence was analyzed showed lower rate in D2 or D3, with RR = 0.89, p=0.02, 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.98, I² = 71.0%, P = 0.03, with significant statistical heterogeneity; mortality with recurrent disease showed higher incidence in D1, with RR = 0.88, p=0.04, 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.99, I² =51.8%, P=0.10; 5-year survival showed no significant difference, with RR = 1.05, p=0.40, 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.19, I² = 49.1% and P=0.12. CONCLUSIONS: D2 or D3 lymphadenectomy procedure is followed by higher overall morbidity and higher in-hospital mortality; D2 or D3 lymphadenectomy shows lower incidence of recurrence and lower mortality with recurrent disease, when analysed altogether with statistical heterogeneity; D2 or D3 lymphadenectomy has no significant impact on 5-year survival.

scholarly journals Melatonin and Cardioprotection in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Domínguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Pedro Abreu-González ◽  
Néstor Báez-Ferrer ◽  
Russel J. Reiter ◽  
Pablo Avanzas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Mean Differences

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury represents a critical problem associated with interventional approaches for coronary reperfusion. Pharmacological cardioprotective interventions are advocated to ameliorate IR injury. Melatonin is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent with a wide range of therapeutic properties that may contribute to its cardioprotective effects. No systematic review or meta-analysis has compared melatonin vs. placebo as a cardioprotective agent in humans. The present study, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis, was carried out to assess melatonin's efficacy as a cardioprotective treatment. We performed a systematic review of the available literature. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified and information was extracted using predefined data extraction forms. The primary outcomes were (a) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and (b) blood troponin levels in patients who underwent myocardial revascularization and were randomized to melatonin or placebo. The inverse-variance random-effects method was used to pool the estimates. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences were calculated. A total of 283 records were screened and seven RCTs met all the inclusion criteria. After the pooled analysis, the results on LVEF were consistent across all studies, and a significant heterogeneity was found in the results on troponin levels. The melatonin-treated patients had on average higher LVEF than the placebo-treated individuals with a weighted mean difference = 3.1% (95% CI 0.6–5.5, p = 0.01). Five works compared the levels of troponin after melatonin or placebo treatment. The melatonin-treated patients had lower levels of troponin with a standardized mean difference = −1.76 (95% CI −2.85 to −0.67, p = 0.002). The findings of this meta-analysis revealed that melatonin administration in humans as a cardioprotective agent attenuated heart dysfunction with a favorable effect on the LVEF.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of sST2 in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyi Zhang ◽  
Chengyang Xu ◽  
Rui Zhao ◽  
Zhipeng Cao
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Standard Mean Difference

Biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), cardiac troponin (cTn), and CK-MB contribute significantly to the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent studies have demonstrated that suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is associated with CVD, but a meta-analysis of ST2 levels in different CVDs has yet to be conducted. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate soluble ST2 (sST2) levels in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and heart failure (HF). A total of 1,425 studies were searched across four databases, of which 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) values of all 16 studies were ≥7. The meta-analysis results indicated that the sST2 level was not correlated with IHD (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.00 to 1.16, p = 0.05) or MI (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.17, 95% CI = −0.22 to 0.55, p = 0.40) but was significantly associated with HF (WMD = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.38, p = 0.02; I2 = 99%, p &lt; 0.00001). sST2 levels did not differ significantly between patients with IHD or MI and healthy individuals; however, we believe that ST2 could be used as an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker of HF.

scholarly journals Protein Intake Greater than the RDA Differentially Influences Whole-Body Lean Mass Responses to Purposeful Catabolic and Anabolic Stressors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L Hudson ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Robert E Bergia III ◽  
Wayne W Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Body Lean Mass ◽  
Apparently Healthy

ABSTRACT Under stressful conditions such as energy restriction (ER) and physical activity, the RDA for protein of 0.8 g · kg−1 · d−1 may no longer be an appropriate recommendation. Under catabolic or anabolic conditions, higher protein intakes are proposed to attenuate the loss or increase the gain of whole-body lean mass, respectively. No known published meta-analysis compares protein intakes greater than the RDA with intakes at the RDA. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of protein intakes greater than the RDA, compared with at the RDA, on changes in whole-body lean mass. Three researchers independently screened 1520 articles published through August 2018 using the PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases, with additional articles identified in published systematic review articles. Randomized, controlled, parallel studies ≥6 wk long with apparently healthy adults (≥19 y) were eligible for inclusion. Data from 18 studies resulting in 22 comparisons of lean mass changes were included in the final overall analysis. Among all comparisons, protein intakes greater than the RDA benefitted changes in lean mass relative to consuming the RDA [weighted mean difference (95% CI): 0.32 (0.01, 0.64) kg, n = 22 comparisons]. In the subgroup analyses, protein intakes greater than the RDA attenuated lean mass loss after ER [0.36 (0.06, 0.67) kg, n = 14], increased lean mass after resistance training (RT) [0.77 (0.23, 1.31) kg, n = 3], but did not differentially affect changes in lean mass [0.08 (−0.59, 0.75) kg, n = 7] under nonstressed conditions (no ER + no RT). Protein intakes greater than the RDA beneficially influenced changes in lean mass when adults were purposefully stressed by the catabolic stressor of dietary ER with and without the anabolic stressor of RT. The RDA for protein is adequate to support lean mass in adults during nonstressed states. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero as CRD 42018106532.

scholarly journals Comparison of total and activity energy expenditure estimates from physical activity questionnaires and doubly labelled water: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sharifzadeh ◽  
Minoo Bagheri ◽  
John R. Speakman ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Activity Questionnaires ◽  
Activity Energy

Abstract Physical activity questionnaires (PAQ) could be suitable tools in free-living people for measures of physical activity, total and activity energy expenditure (TEE and AEE). This meta-analysis was performed to determine valid PAQ for estimating TEE and AEE using doubly labelled water (DLW). We identified data from relevant studies by searching Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus databases. This revealed thirty-eight studies that had validated PAQ with DLW and reported the mean differences between PAQ and DLW measures of TEE (TEEDLW − TEEPAQ) and AEE (AEEDLW − AEEPAQ). We assessed seventy-eight PAQ consisting of fifty-nine PAQ that assessed TEE and thirty-five PAQ that examined AEE. There was no significant difference between TEEPAQ and TEEDLW with a weighted mean difference of –243·3 and a range of –841·4 to 354·6 kJ/d, and a significant weighted mean difference of AEEDLW – AEE PAQ 414·6 and a range of 78·7–750·5. To determine whether any PAQ was a valid tool for estimating TEE and AEE, we carried out a subgroup analysis by type of PAQ. Only Active-Q, administered in two seasons, and 3-d PA diaries were correlated with TEE by DLW at the population level; however, these two PAQ did not demonstrate an acceptable limit of agreement at individual level. For AEE, no PAQ was correlated with DLW either at the population or at the individual levels. Active-Q and 3-d PA diaries were identified as the only valid PAQ for TEE estimation. Further well-designed studies are needed to verify this result and identify additional valid PAQ.

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