scholarly journals Comparison of Bovine Mammary Involution and Intramammary Infections Following Intramammary Treatment with Casein Hydrolysate and Other Conventional Treatments at Dry-Off

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2360
Author(s):  
Justine E. Britten ◽  
Kerry A. Rood ◽  
David J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Bovine Lactoferrin ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Mammary Involution ◽  
And Control

Alternatives to routine antibiotic treatment of dairy cattle during the dry period before their next calving are of interest. This was a preliminary study of whether intramammary infusion of casein hydrolysate, administered alone or combined with standard dry treatment, accelerated the rate of mammary involution early in the dry period. Four treatments were studied in a split udder design. One udder half was assigned a treatment, and the contralateral half was administered dry cow treatment + internal teat sealant as a control. Treatments were casein hydrolysate, casein hydrolysate + dry cow treatment, casein hydrolysate + teat sealant and casein hydrolysate + dry cow treatment + teat sealant. Cows (n = 16) were blocked by a number of intramammary infections per udder half (0 or 1+) and randomized to treatments. Milk production was not different between control or treated udder halves post-calving. A generalized linear mixed model tested for differences between the treatment groups in the concentration of mammary involution indicators in milk: somatic cell count, bovine lactoferrin and bovine serum albumin. At 7 days, dry udder halves treated with casein hydrolysate had higher milk concentrations of lactoferrin than those treated with casein hydrolysate + dry cow treatment, casein hydrolysate + teat sealant and control. At 10 days dry, bovine serum albumin was higher in udder halves treated with casein hydrolysate than in those treated with casein hydrolysate + dry cow treatment, casein hydrolysate + dry cow treatment + teat sealant and control. Post-calving, casein hydrolysate-treated udder halves produced 51% of total milk, unchanged from before dry-off. There were seven total intramammary infections entering the dry period, all caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Cure rates (3/7, 43%) were not different among all treatments and control, partly because of the small sample size. Intramammary infusion of casein hydrolysate at the end of lactation may be an alternative or possible adjunct to antibiotic dry cow therapy.

scholarly journals Self-assembled bovine serum albumin nanoparticles as pesticide delivery vectors for controlling trunk-boring pests

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyu Su ◽  
Shanshan Liu ◽  
Shenghan Cao ◽  
Shuyan Yin ◽  
Chenggang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Trunk-boring pests (TBPs) are an important type of forest pest, TBPs not only feed on the branches and trunks of trees, but also spread quarantine diseases in forests. However, because the larvae of TBPs live inside the trunk and are well concealed, prevention and control are difficult. The lack of effective control methods leads to the death of many trees in forests. In this study, a novel nanopesticide featuring high bioactivity and slow-release properties was developed to control TBPs. Thiacloprid (THI), which is commonly used to control Coleoptera species, was used as a model pesticide. Results The oleophobic properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were exploited to encapsulate the hydrophobic pesticide THI by self-assembly, and the size of the obtained nanoparticles, THI@BSA·NPs, was approximately 23 nm. The loading efficiency reached 70.4%, and THI@BSA·NPs could be released continuously for over 15 days, with the cumulative release reaching 93.5%. The fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled nanoparticles were evenly distributed in the digestive tract and body surface of a typical TBPs, M. alternatus, and the stomach and contact toxicities increased by 33.7% and 25.9%, respectively, compared with those of free THI. Furthermore, the results showed that the transport efficiency of THI@BSA·NPs was highest at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, and the THI@BSA·NPs content in the trunk, from to lower to higher layers, was 8.8, 8.2, 7.6, and 5.8 μg/g. At the same time, THI@BSA·NPs also exhibited high transport efficiency in dead trees. Conclusion The transport efficiency and toxicity of the active ingredients are the key factors for the control of TBPs. This work provided idea for the application of biological delivery system encapsulated hydrophobic pesticides. The novel self-assembled THI@BSA·NPs have promising potential for sustainable control of TBPs.

scholarly journals Self-Assembled Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles as Pesticide Delivery Vectors for Controlling Trunk-Boring Pests

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenyu Su ◽  
Shanshan Liu ◽  
Shenghan Cao ◽  
Shuyan Yin ◽  
Chenggang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
And Control

Abstract Trunk-boring pests (TBPs) are an important type of forest pest, TBPs not only feed on the branches and trunks of trees, but also spread quarantine diseases in forests. However, because the larvae of TBPs live inside the trunk and are well concealed, prevention and control are difficult. The lack of effective control methods leads to the death of many trees in forests. In this study, a novel nanopesticide featuring high bioactivity and slow-release properties was developed to control TBPs. Thiacloprid (THI), which is commonly used to control Coleoptera species, was used as a model pesticide. The oleophobic properties of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were exploited to encapsulate the hydrophobic pesticide THI by self-assembly, and the size of the obtained nanoparticles, THI@BSA·NPs, was approximately 23 nm. The loading efficiency reached 70.4%, and THI@BSA·NPs could be released continuously for over 15 d, with the cumulative release reaching 93.5%. The fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled nanoparticles were evenly distributed in the digestive tract and body surface of a typical TBP, M. alternatus , and the stomach and contact toxicities increased by 33.7% and 25.9%,respectively, compared with those of free THI. Furthermore, the results showed that the transport efficiency of THI@BSA·NPs was highest at a concentration of 50 μg/mL, and the THI@BSA·NPs content in the trunk, from to lower to higher layers, was 8.8, 8.2, 7.6, and 5.8 μg/g. At the same time, THI@BSA·NPs also exhibited high transport efficiency in dead trees. The results suggested that these novel self-assembled THI@BSA·NPs have promising potential for sustainable control of TBPs.

95 SHEEP ZYGOTES CULTURED WITH HYALURONAN, BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN, OR SERUM AND THEIR EFFECTS ON PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL EMBRYO PRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
A. B. T. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Fetal Bovine Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blastocyst Formation ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
And Control ◽  
Lambing Rate

Mammalian pre-implantation embryos are sensitive to their environment and numerous publications suggest that post-fertilization culture is the most critical period affecting embryo quality and subsequent embryo development. This study was conducted to examine the viability, twining, sex ratio and birthweight (BW) after transfer of fresh and vitrified in vitro-produced sheep embryos derived from oocytes cultured in a semi- or defined medium supplemented with fatty-acid–free bovine serum albumin (BSA) with or without hyaluronan (HA) versus fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a control. A total of 649 oocytes were matured in TCM-199 containing 2 mM glutamine, 4 mg mL–1 BSA, 100 μM cysteamine, 0.3 mM sodium pyruvate, 1 μg mL–1 oestradiol-17β and fertilized with fresh semen prepared with SOF, enriched with 20% oestrus sheep serum. Presumptive zygotes were cultured for 48 h in SOF supplemented with 1% BME-essential and 1% MEM-nonessential amino acids, 1 mM glutamine and 8 mg mL–1 BSA. On the 3rd day of culture, presumptive zygotes were divided randomly into 3 groups: (1) BSA+HA, medium supplemented with 8 mg mL–1 BSA and 6 mg mL–1 HA, (2) BSA, medium supplemented with 8 mg mL–1 BSA only, or (3) control, medium supplemented with 5% charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum (FBS). On the 5th day of culture, media were replaced accordingly in all groups. Embryos that reached the expanded blastocyst stage by 6 or 7 days/group were recorded and transferred as fresh or vitrified. The cleavage rate, blastocyst formation, pregnancies (PR) at 40, 60 and 80 days, lambing, twinning, sex ratio and BW were all recorded. Among all groups, no significant differences were observed in cleavage and blastocyst rates. The proportion of zygotes that developed to blastocysts at 6 days was significantly higher after culture with BSA+HA vs BSA and control (67/92, 72.8%), (46/118, 39.0%) and (29/72, 40.3%), respectively. Compared with the control group, vitrified BSA blastocysts were associated with increased (P < 0.05) PRs after 60 and 80 days and lambing rates. In comparison, there were no significant differences in pregnancy and lambing rate after transfer of fresh blastocysts. There was a positive correlation between age of embryo at transfer and higher BW. The mean BWs were higher after transfer of 7-day vs 6-day embryos (3.95 and 3.37 kg), respectively. However, there were no significant differences in twining and sex ratio after transfer fresh/or vitrified treated embryos versus control group. In conclusion, the results indicate that sheep zygotes cultured with BSA+HA had an increased development to blastocysts at 6 days, but the rate of blastocyst formation was not increased, PR and lambing rate were comparable with the BSA and control groups. In addition, transfer of vitrified embryos produced in the presence of BSA significantly increased the PR at 60, 80 days and lambing rate versus control group.

Improvement of an artificial test substrate technique for evaluation of em immunocytochemical labeling

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 762-763
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Artificial Substrate ◽  
Chemical Fixation ◽  
As If

We recently described an artificial substrate system which could be used to optimize labeling parameters in EM immunocytochemistry (ICC). The system utilizes blocks of glutaraldehyde polymerized bovine serum albumin (BSA) into which an antigen is incorporated by a soaking procedure. The resulting antigen impregnated blocks can then be fixed and embedded as if they are pieces of tissue and the effects of fixation, embedding and other parameters on the ability of incorporated antigen to be immunocyto-chemically labeled can then be assessed. In developing this system further, we discovered that the BSA substrate can also be dried and then sectioned for immunolabeling with or without prior chemical fixation and without exposing the antigen to embedding reagents. The effects of fixation and embedding protocols can thus be evaluated separately.

Stability of Prostacyclin in Human Plasma and Whole Blood: Studies on the Protective Effect of Albumin

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (03) ◽  
pp. 645-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Orchard ◽  
C Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Krebs Solution ◽  
Antiaggregatory Activity ◽  
Free Plasma

SummaryThe biological half-life of prostacyclin in Krebs solution, human cell-free plasma or whole blood was measured by bracket assay on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. At 37°C, pH 7.4, plasma and blood reduced the rate of loss of antiaggregatory activity compared with Krebs solution. The protective effect of plasma was greater than that of whole blood. This effect could be partially mimicked by the addition of human or bovine serum albumin to the Krebs solution. The stabilisation afforded by human serum albumin was dependent on the fatty acid content of the albumin, although this was less important for bovine serum albumin.

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL IN THE PERIPHERAL PLASMA OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL IN VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES AND OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND OVARIECTOMIZED FOWLS

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Senior
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Chicken Ovary

ABSTRACT A radioimmunoassay was developed to measure the levels of oestrone and oestradiol in 0.5–1.0 ml of domestic fowl peripheral plasma. The oestrogens were extracted with diethyl ether, chromatographed on columns of Sephadex LH-20 and assayed with an antiserum prepared against oestradiol-17β-succinyl-bovine serum albumin using a 17 h incubation at 4°C. The specificity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy of the assays were satisfactory. Oestrogen concentrations were determined in the plasma of birds in various reproductive states. In laying hens the ranges of oestrone and oestradiol were 12–190 pg/ml and 29–327 pg/ml respectively. Levels in immature birds, in adult cockerels and in an ovariectomized hen were barely detectable. The mean concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol in the plasma of four non-laying hens (55 pg/ml and 72 pg/ml respectively) and one partially ovariectomized hen (71 pg/ml and 134 pg/ml respectively) were well within the range for laying hens. It is evident that the large, yolk-filled follicles are not the only source of oestrogens in the chicken ovary.

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