scholarly journals Changes in Serum Thiol-Disulphide Homeostasis in Sheep with Gastrointestinal Nematodes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2856
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Moreira dos Santos Schmidt ◽  
Daniele Floriano Fachiolli ◽  
Raphaela Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Fabiana Alves Almeida ◽  
Cristiano Magalhães Pariz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Livestock System

This work aimed to evaluate the thiol-disulphide homeostasis in serum of lambs naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes presenting different levels of parasite load indirectly indicated by faecal worm egg counts (EPG). Furthermore, the possible changes in the thiol-disulphide dynamic after different procedures to reduce the parasitic charge, such as the integrated crop-livestock system or anthelmintic treatment, were assessed. The results were compared with a panel of various oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The lambs were divided into three groups: animals highly infected (EPG higher than 5000) and packed cell volume (PCV) lower than 24% (G1); animals highly infected (EPG higher than 5000) and normal PCV (>24%) (G2); and animals presenting EPG lower than 5000 and normal PCV (>24%) (G3). The highly infected lambs (G1 and G2) showed lower total thiol (TT) and native thiol (SH) (p ≤ 0.01) than those from G3. After treatment, TT and SH increased significantly in all groups (p ≤ 0.01), and the disulphide (SS)/TT and SS/SH ratios decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in G1 and G2. These results show that the thiol-disulphide balance was impaired in lambs infected by gastrointestinal nematodes and that it could be potentially used as a biomarker to monitor this disease.

scholarly journals Parasite load and genotype are associated with clinical outcome of piroplasm infected equines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Tirosh-Levy ◽  
Amir Stienman ◽  
Hadas Levy ◽  
Yotam Katz ◽  
Margarita Shtilman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Genotype A ◽  
Clinical Cases

Abstract Background: Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a highly endemic protozoan disease of horses worldwide. While most horses in endemic areas are subclinically infected, the mechanisms leading to clinical outcome are vastly unknown. Moreover, since clinical signs of disease are not specific, and the prevalence in endemic areas is high, it is difficult to determine if EP is the cause of disease. To identify possible mechanisms leading to the clinical outcome in an endemic area, we compared parasite loads and genotypes in clinically and subclinically infected horses.Methods: Blood was collected from horses with clinical signs consistent with EP, and from apparently healthy horses from various locations. Packed cell volume (PCV) and total solids (TS) were measured from each sample. Quantitative and diagnostic PCR were used to quantify and classify EP infection in clinical and subclinical horses.Results: For both parasites, clinical cases were associated with low mean packed cell volume (PCV) and high mean parasite load (P<0.001), enabling to determine a cutoff value between clinically and subclinically infected horses. Theileria equi of subclinical horses classified into three different 18S rRNA genotypes: D (=23), A (n=12) and C (n=5), while all clinical cases classified as genotype A. The sequences of T. equi equi merozoite antigen-1 (ema-1) gene were fairly conserved and all classified as genotype A. The ema-2 sequences were analyzed with all currently published sequences and were mostly classified into one genotype (A) among the three resolved genotypes. Babesia caballi rhoptry associated protein-1 (rap-1) was classified into sub-genotypes A1 (n=14) and A2 (n=5) with no association to clinical outcome. Classification of the 18S rRNA gene (sub-genotypes B1 and B2) was in agreement with the rap-1 classification.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that quantification of parasite loads of infected horses may be used to distinguish between clinical and subclinical cases. Additionally, we identified T. equi 18S rRNA genotype A to be associated with clinical disease. This finding emphasizes the importance of in-depth genetic characterization of T. equi genotypes to identify possible markers for virulence.

scholarly journals Control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes using the combination of Duddingtonia flagrans and Levamisole Hydrochloride 5%

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽  
Thais Ferreira Feitosa ◽  
Fabio Ribeiro Braga ◽  
Vanessa Diniz Vieira ◽  
Samuel Cavalcante de Lucena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the action of D. flagrans pellets in association with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% for controlling sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in the northeastern Brazil. Three groups of six sheep each were formed: group 1 received 3 g of the pellets (0.6 g of D. flagrans mycelium) for each 10 kg b.w., twice a week for six months, and deworming with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% when EPG ≥ 1500; group 2 received a dosage of Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% when EPG ≥ 1500; and group 3 received 3 g of pellets without fungi for each 10 kg b.w., twice a week for six months. EPG counts, larval cultures, packed cell volume (PCV) and weighing were performed every 15 days; monthly, samples of grass from each paddock were collected. The mean EPG of the groups began to statistically differ from day 30 (p < 0.05). Group 1 required less deworming with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% and showed superiority of PCV values throughout the experiment (p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in L3 recovery in the group 1 paddock from day 30 onwards. The use of D. flagrans pellets in association with Levamisole Hydrochloride 5% was effective for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes.

scholarly journals 177 Use of diatomaceous earth and copper oxide wire particles to control gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 72-72
Author(s):  
Olivia Jones ◽  
Joan M Burke ◽  
James E Miller ◽  
Charles Rosenkrans
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Anthelmintic resistance urges alternatives to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Copper oxide wire particles (COWP) are more efficacious when used with dewormers and little is known on efficacy of diatomaceous earth (DE) to control GIN. The objective was to examine the effects of DE and COWP on GIN control. Katahdin lambs (n = 32; ~150 d of age; 25.0 ± 1.8 kg) were randomly assigned to receive: 1) 2% dietary DE, 2) 1g COWP, 3) both 2% DE and 1g COWP, and 4) neither DE or COWP. Feces and blood were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 to determine fecal egg counts (FEC) and blood packed cell volume (PCV). Feces were cultured to determine GIN genera. FEC were log transformed; data were analyzed as a 2 x 2 factorial using proc mixed with day as repeated (SAS). There was a mixed GIN population including 58% Haemonchus contortus and 30% Trichostrongylus spp. FEC tended to be lower by d 28 in DE (175 eggs/g) than no DE (753 eggs/g) fed lambs (P = 0.09), but in general, were relatively low and no other differences among treatments detected. PCV tended to be higher in COWP than no COWP lambs by d 28 (P = 0.10), and no other differences detected. In conclusion, during a low GIN challenge, there may have been a small effect of DE on FEC but no advantage was observed in combination treatment.

scholarly journals Indole Glucosinolates Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effect on Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells through Modulation of Inflammatory Markers and miRNAs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayah Z. Salem ◽  
Dalia Medhat ◽  
Shadia A. Fathy ◽  
Mohamed R. Mohamed ◽  
Zakaria El-Khayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Background: Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is the major link between inflammation and cancer. Natural agents that inhibit this pathway are essential in attenuating inflammation induced by cancer and/or induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. A high intake of Brassicaceae vegetables is linked to modulating essential pathways related to chronic diseases. In the present study, we investigated the anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effect of glucosinolates indoles; indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and 3,3-diindolylmethane (DIM) on the inflammatory biomarkers and miRNAs controlling the NF-κB pathway. Methods and Results: inoculation of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in female albino mice resulted in a marked increase in packed cell volume and a significant increase in the level of several cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers (NF-κB IL-6, IL-1b, TNF-α, and NO). A significant elevation in the inflammatory-medicated miRNAs (miR-31 and miR-21) was also detected. Treatment with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) significantly reduces packed cell volume and the viable cell count. However, it was accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of inflammatory markers and the expression of miR-31 and miR-21. Although treatment with indoles significantly reduced the packed cell volume and the viable cell count, their most prominent effect was the marked reduction of all inflammatory biomarkers compared to both EAC untreated group and the EAC group treated with 5-FU. Moreover, their anti-inflammatory effect was modulated by a significant decrease in miR-31 and miR-21. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that I3C and DIM have a strong anti-inflammatory effect, implying that their use as a co-treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs could effectively improve the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapies.

scholarly journals The use of targeted selective treatments on controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in different sheep categories under grazing system

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-476
Author(s):  
Carlo A.T. Marques ◽  
Luana A. Saraiva ◽  
Jacira N.C. Torreão ◽  
Tairon P.D. Silva ◽  
Leílson R. Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
And Performance

ABSTRACT: Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes can impair both the animal health and performance. Thereby, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of targeted selective treatments as the FAMACHA© system and faecal egg count on controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in different sheep categories under grazing system. Thirty Santa Inês sheep, six in each category (six weaning, six weaned lambs, six non-pregnant ewes, six pregnant ewes and six lactating ewes were used. Sheep were weighed, and blood and faecal samples were collected on day 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 for determination of faecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein (PPT) and the mucosa colour by FAMACHA© system in the morning (1) and afternoon (2). The faecal egg count was higher (p=0.0039) in weaning and weaned lambs compared to the non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating ewes. Also, FEC differed between ewes with higher counts in lactating ewes. The observation of eye mucosae showed a frequency of 100% of FAMACHA© scores ranged of 2.45 to 2.91 in the morning, differing (p=0.0494) among the categories, where weaned lambs showed better score. The animal categories and period interaction had a significant (p=0.0148) effect on FAMACHA© score 1 with better score in weaned lambs compared to the pregnant ewes at day 0, 15 and 75. In addition, weaned lambs were presented better FAMACHA© score compared with weaning lambs and lactating ewes at day 45 than weaning lambs at day 60 and 75. Packed cell volume in the morning and in the afternoon was influenced by days of collection with lower percentage at 30 days of experiment. The FAMACHA© system seems to be a suitable method to detect parasite infections. However, use of all available methods increases the accuracy of the diagnosis and promotes better control of gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing sheep.

Plasma thiol/disulphide homeostasis changes in patients with restless legs syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertan Kucuksayan ◽  
Serkan Ozben ◽  
Selma Topaloglu Tuac ◽  
Mesrure Koseoglu ◽  
Ozcan Erel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Total Thiol ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract Objectives Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological condition. Oxidative stress plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Thiol-disulphide homeostasis (TDH) is a new biomarker of oxidative stress. We studied plasma TDH to determine whether TDH could be used as a new biomarker for RLS and evaluated correlations between TDH and various disease severity rating scales. Methods A total of 25 RLS patients and 25 healthy controls were included into the study. TDH status was determined using an automated spectrophotometric analysis method and correlations were analyzed between the TDH status and various disease rating scales in the RLS patients. Results Plasma total (401 ± 27 μmol/L) and native thiol (354 ± 30 μmol/L) levels were significantly lower, but disulphide level (24 ± 6 μmol/L) was significantly (<0.0001) higher in the RLS patients compared to the controls (455 ± 36, 424 ± 37, 15 ± 5 μmol/L, respectively). The disulphide/native thiol and disulphide/total thiol ratios increased, in contrast, native thiol/total thiol ratio decreased significantly in the RLS patients compared to the healthy controls (<0.0001). The disulphide levels correlated positively with age and various rating scores of the RLS patients. International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) rating score and age correlated negatively with the total and native thiol levels. Conclusions Our findings indicate increased oxidative stress in the RLS patients reflected by decreased native and total thiol, and increased disulphide levels and positive correlations between the disulphide levels and various rating scores. We suggest dynamic TDH status to be used as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and follow-up of the RLS patients.

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