scholarly journals Implementation of a Pig Toilet in a Nursery Pen with a Straw-Littered Lying Area

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Michelle Tillmanns ◽  
Kees Scheepens ◽  
Marieke Stolte ◽  
Swetlana Herbrandt ◽  
Nicole Kemper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
System A ◽  
Pig Farm

In this study, a pig toilet was installed on an organic pig farm, which enabled pigs to use a lying area littered with straw and keep it clean. The pig toilet was separated into a defaecation area and a urination area and nursery pigs were trained to use the urination area by means of a rewarding system. A total of 24 piglets were weaned at 6–7 weeks of age and housed in the experimental system for four-week periods. Per trial, a group of four pigs was formed, and videos were recorded on two days per week (08:00 to 18:00). Direct observation was carried out in the first and last week of each trial. In total, 1500 eliminations were video-analysed. An individual pig had an average of 7.1 ± 1.4 defaecations and 4.8 ± 0.8 urinations per day. In total, 96.4% of all urinations and 97.4% of all defaecations were performed in the pig toilet. However, most urinations took place in the defaecation area as well (90.4%). Even if the training to spatially separate defecation and urination behaviour was not successful, we showed that a pig toilet offers the possibility to create littered lying areas, possibly increasing animal welfare.

Antifibrinolytic Action of the Anticoagulant Split Product of Fibrinogen

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B Nanninga ◽  
M. M Guest
Keyword(s):  
Experimental System ◽  
New Method ◽  
System A ◽  
Fibrinogenolytic Activity

SummaryThe purified anticoagulant split product of fibrinogen has antifibrinolytic and anti-fibrinogenolytic activity. This was investigated by lysis times of fibrin and by the rate of disappearance of fibrinogen in plasma and in a purified system. A new method was used to measure fibrinogenolytic activity. In the experimental system which we have used no indication of additional breakdown of the anticoagulant split product in the presence of fibrinolysin was obtained.

scholarly journals Development of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) for tropical brackishwater species in Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, west coast of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Balasubramanian ◽  
Shailesh S. Mhaskar ◽  
Krishna Sukumaran ◽  
A. Panigrahi ◽  
Kurmaraguru Vasagam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental System ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
System A ◽  
Etroplus Suratensis ◽  
Penaeus Indicus ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
And Control

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), farming of species from different trophic levels and with complimentary ecosystem function, is regarded as a suitable approach to develop a sustainable aquaculture system. In order to establish an IMTA system, a study was carried out in Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India for selected tropical brackish-water species. Two equal sized pens (250 m2) were constructed for IMTA and control respectively in each land based system and open water cages were set in the estuary. Different combinations of fed species (Chanos chanos, Etroplus suratensis, Mugil cephalus, Penaeus indicus) and an extractive crop (Crassostrea madrasensis) were stocked in IMTA experimental system whereas monoculture of P. indicus served as control. Water quality characteristics were found to be within the admissible limits. Soil organic carbon was found to be lesser in the IMTA system compared to control. The productivity of IMTA system was higher than control: 3250 kg h-1 vs 2000 kg ha-1. Further, income and benefit-cost ratio was found to be higher in IMTA pens. The present study concludes that IMTA is a possible option for system diversification as well as species diversification without compromising economic profitability of culture.

scholarly journals PSX-34 Ruminating and lying behavior of dairy goats in confinement or grazing

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
Luana P Ribeiro ◽  
Sanae Ischii ◽  
Shirron LeShure ◽  
Terry A Gipson
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Management System ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
System A ◽  
Key Indicator

Abstract Behavior is a key indicator of animal welfare and wellbeing. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of management system [confinement (C) or grazing (G)] on the behaviors of rumination time (RT) and lying/standing (L/S) in dairy goats. Forty Alpine goats (57.7±5.7 kg) in late lactation were randomly assigned to one of four groups. A replicated switchback design was used with Groups A and C the Confinement-Grazing-Confinement (CGC) sequence and Groups B and D the Grazing-Confinement-Grazing (GCG) sequence. Each group spent 1 wk in each management system. A 40% forage diet was offered free-choice in both systems, with some growing forage available for goats in G as well. Goats were fitted with two tri-axial accelerometers, one in an elastic, nose-band halter and the other attached to the hind leg. Data from tri-axial accelerometers were processed using SAS with prediction equations for RT and L/S. A mixed model analysis was conducted with RT or L/S as the dependent variable, and replicate (1, 2), sequence (CGC, GCG), management system (confinement, grazing), and interactions as independent variables, and animal as random. Rumination time and L/S were not affected (P > 0.10) by sequence or replicate. Goats in G had greater (P < 0.01) RT than those in C (12.7 vs 10.2 min/h; SEM=0.509). Regardless of management system, goats had lower RT in the second week than in the first or third week of the experiment (12.2, 10.2, and 11.9 min/h in wk 1, 2, and 3, respectively; SEM=0.574). Daily L/S behavior was not affected (P > 0.10) by management. Lying time was 726 min/d in C and 699 min/d in G (SEM=16.7). Standing time was 714 min/d in C and 741 min/d in G (SEM=16.7). These results indicate that management system affects rumination time but not lying/standing behavior in dairy goats.

Isolation Ratio and Particle Performance Measurement of a SMIF System

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Benjamin Liu ◽  
Seong-Ho Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Isolation ◽  
System A ◽  
Interface System ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Test Atmosphere ◽  
Measured Particle

This paper discusses the performance evaluation of a SMIF (Standard Mechanical Interface) system. A two-chamber experimental system is used with one chamber providing the test atmosphere of the cleanroom and the other providing the test atmosphere of the minienvironment. The cleanroom atmospher can be varied by adjusting the amount of particles injected into the chamber. Particle concentration ranges from 1,000/ft-3 to 10 million/ft3 can be created in the chamber to simulate different cleanroom conditions. The atmosphere of the second chamber is maintained at Class I or better equivalent by means of a self-powered ultra-low penetration air (ULPA) filter blower unit. By means of this system, the ability of the SMIF system to isolate the contaminants in the cleanroom atmosphere from the minienvironment atmosphere was measured. In addition, the particles added to the wafer during wafer cassette handling by the SMIF-Arm were also measured by a wafer scanner. The results indicate that the SMIF system tested is capable of providing extremely high isolation ratios in terms of its ability to isolate the cleanroom atmosphere from the atmosphere of the minienvironment. Isolation ratios in excess of 1 million to 1 or better have been measured. The measured particle per wafer per pass (PWP) numbers were generally around 0.02 or less for most wafers, with the average at 0.0118.

Hardware Experiments of Autonomous Space Robot – A Demonstration of Truss Structure Assembly –

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Senda ◽  
◽  
Yoshisada Murotsu ◽  
Akira Mitsuya ◽  
Hirokazu Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental System ◽  
Space Robot ◽  
Truss Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Air Bearings ◽  
Vision Sensor ◽  
Space Robots ◽  
Automatic Construction ◽  
System A ◽  
Structure Assembly

This paper addresses an experimental system simulating a free-flying space robot, which has been constructed to study autonomous space robots. The experimental system consists of a space robot model, a frictionless table system, a computer system, and a vision sensor system. The robot model composed of two manipulators and a satellite vehicle can move freely on a two-dimensional planar table without friction by using air-bearings. The robot model has successfully performed the automatic truss structure construction including many jobs, e.g., manipulator berthing, component manipulation, arm trajectory control avoiding collision, assembly considering contact with the environment, etc. The experiment demonstrates the possibility of the automatic construction and the usefulness of space robots.

Dynamic response of pre-stressed orthotropic circular membrane under impact load

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 4010-4022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Li ◽  
Zhou-Lian Zheng ◽  
Cao He ◽  
Cao-Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Circular Membrane ◽  
Virtual Displacement ◽  
System A ◽  
Displacement Speed

In this paper, the governing equations of motion of pre-stressed orthotropic circular membrane under impact load are derived in polar coordinates based on the principle of virtual displacement and solved by the Krylov–Bogoliubov–Mitropolsky perturbation method. The analytical solutions of the displacement, speed, acceleration and frequency of circular membrane with fixed edges are obtained. Then the dynamic response of membrane is experimentally studied by using a new pneumatic experimental system. A comparison between the experimental and theoretical results validates the theoretical model and the vibration principles of membrane under different conditions. The results also indicate the relationship between dynamic response of membrane and various parameters related to radius, elastic modulus, pretention force, and load. This study provides a theoretical model to calculate the dynamic response of pre-stressed orthotropic circular membrane under impact load. In addition, a new pneumatic experimental system to study the dynamic response of pre-stressed membrane is developed as well.

Human Behavior Characteristics Analysis in Teleoperation System

2013 ◽  
Vol 373-375 ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Yu Jie Cui ◽  
Jian Ning Hua
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Inverted Pendulum ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
System A ◽  
Teleoperation System ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Behavior Characteristics

This paper is concerned with the analysis of human behavior in teleoperation system. A teleoperation experimental system is developed in this paper. The stability of the inverted pendulum is controled by joystick. The Laminar Phase and power spectrum is adopted to analyse human behavior characteristics. The experiment results show that human is adaptive to the disturbance in the teleoperation system.

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