scholarly journals Conditions Associated with Marine Lipid-Induced Milk Fat Depression in Sheep Cause Shifts in the In Vitro Ruminal Metabolism of 1-13C Oleic Acid

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Toral ◽  
Gonzalo Hervás ◽  
Vanessa Peiró ◽  
Pilar Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Marine Lipid ◽  
Relative Contribution

Shifts in ruminal oleic acid (OA) metabolism have received little research attention but recent studies have suggested their association with marine lipid-induced milk fat depression (MFD) in ewes and cows. Measurement of specific products of OA within the complex mixture of digesta lipids is however challenging. Therefore, this in vitro trial combined the isotopic labelling technique with the use of rumen inoculum from cannulated sheep fed a diet supplemented or not with 2% of fish oil (which has been demonstrated to cause MFD in dairy ruminants) to characterize the metabolism of OA in response to ruminal alterations associated with MFD. The products of 13C-OA after 24 h of incubation were analysed by gas chromatography-combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). Numerous 13C-labeled 18:1 intermediates and oxygenated FA were detected and no elongation or desaturation of 13OA occurred. Diet supplementation with fish oil (i.e., MFD conditions) resulted in no unique metabolites of 13OA but in relevant changes in the relative contribution of specific metabolic pathways. The inhibition of 18:0 saturation caused by this treatment appeared largely attributable to increased oxygenated FA proportion, in particular the candidate milk fat inhibitor 10-oxo-18:0, and warrants further research on the association between MFD and oxygenated FA. Changes in the concentration of 13C-labeled trans 18:1 intermediates but not in cis 18:1, were also observed.

Effects of replacing starch with three sugars in a concentrate and forage diet on in vitro rumen fermentation, fatty acid composition and related bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173
Author(s):  
X. Q. Sun ◽  
Y. P. Wang ◽  
R. Y. Wei ◽  
B. Chen ◽  
X. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Context Replacing starch with sugar could maintain dietary energy density with reduced risks of rumen acidosis and milk fat depression, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood, and the effects of sugar feeding might vary among sugars. Aims Objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of replacing corn starch in a diet containing 40:60 forage-to-concentrate ratio (control) with 3%, 6% and 9% of sucrose, fructose and lactose on in vitro rumen fermentation, fatty acid (FA) composition and populations of bacteria involved in the production of trans-11 and trans-10 FA. Methods A 3 × 3 + 1 (control) factorial experimental design was used, and the pH, concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia-N, profiles of FA and the relative abundance of four trans-11-producing bacteria and two trans-10 FA-producing bacteria were measured after a 6-h incubation. Key results Replacing dietary corn starch with sucrose, fructose and lactose neither altered the concentration of total VFA after 6-h fermentation, nor decreased the pH, except for substitution with 9% sucrose. Increased butyrate proportions and decreased branched-chain VFA proportions were the common effects in sugar treatments, but the proportions of acetate and propionate varied among sugars. Lactose inclusion in the diet led to a higher pH, greater acetate and butyrate concentrations, and lower propionate concentrations than did sucrose inclusion. Sugar substitution decreased the concentrations of C18:1 trans-4 and most C18:2 isomers, but did not influence the major isomers related to trans-11 and trans-10 biohydrogenation pathways. Abundance of the four measured trans-11 FA-producing bacteria was increased by sugars, with sucrose showing a greater influence than did fructose and lactose. As to trans-10 FA-producing bacteria, only Megasphaera elsdenii populations were decreased by 3% and 6% fructose inclusion compared with the control. Dose-effect varied among sugars and the parameters measured, with sucrose having the most obvious dose effect among the three sugars; however, fructose affected mainly fermentation parameters, while lactose affected mainly C18 FA profiles. Conclusions Replacing corn starch in a high-concentrate diet with up to 9% of sucrose, fructose and lactose differentially affected rumen fermentation and rumen FA metabolism, by influencing the abundance of rumen bacteria involved in rumen FA biohydrogenation. Implications Lactose may be more efficient in increasing milk fat than are sucrose and fructose, and dose effect should be considered in the utilisation of sucrose.

scholarly journals Does supplemental 18:0 alleviate fish oil-induced milk fat depression in dairy ewes?

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 1133-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Toral ◽  
G. Hervás ◽  
D. Carreño ◽  
P. Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Dairy Ewes

scholarly journals Elucidating fish oil-induced milk fat depression in dairy sheep: Milk somatic cell transcriptome analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroa Suárez-Vega ◽  
Pablo G. Toral ◽  
Beatriz Gutiérrez-Gil ◽  
Gonzalo Hervás ◽  
Juan José Arranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Cell Transcriptome

scholarly journals mRNA abundance of genes involved in mammary lipogenesis during fish oil- or trans-10,cis-12 CLA-induced milk fat depression in dairy ewes

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 3182-3192 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.G. Toral ◽  
G. Hervás ◽  
A. Belenguer ◽  
D. Carreño ◽  
P. Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Dairy Ewes

scholarly journals Fish oil-induced milk fat depression and associated downregulation of mammary lipogenic genes in dairy ewes

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 7971-7981 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Carreño ◽  
G. Hervás ◽  
P.G. Toral ◽  
T. Castro-Carrera ◽  
P. Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Lipogenic Genes ◽  
Dairy Ewes

Rapeseed Oil and Sunflower Oil Diets Enhance Platelet In Vitro Aggregation and Thromboxane Production in Healthy Men when Compared with Milk Fat or Habitual Diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (03) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Mutanen ◽  
Riitta Freese ◽  
Liisa M Valsta ◽  
Irma Ahola ◽  
Antti Ahlström
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Aggregation Pattern ◽  
Thromboxane Production ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Platelet Thromboxane

SummaryIn this highly controlled trial, 26 normolipidemic men (average age 28 years, range 18 to 60) were fed a baseline diet high in milk fat (MF) (fat 36% of energy, saturates 19%, monounsaturates 11%, polyunsaturates 4%), followed by a diet high in sunflower oil (SO) (fat 38% of energy, saturates 13%, monounsaturates 10%, polyunsaturates 13%) and another diet high in low erucic-acid rapeseed oil (RO) (fat 38% of energy, saturates 12%, monounsaturates 16%, polyunsaturates 8%). All diets were mixed natural diets with the same cholesterol contents. The baseline milk fat diet was given for 14 days and the oil diets for 24 days in a blind cross-over design. The platelet in vitro aggregation (slope %/min) induced by 1, 2 and 3 pM ADP and collagen (25 pg/ml PRP) was highly significantly (p <0.001) increased after both oil diets when compared with the results from the milk fat diet. The aggregation pattern determined by threshold collagen concentration confirmed increased collagen sensitivity of the platelets after the rapeseed oil diet (p <0.001). The enhancement of platelet aggregation was associated with increased in vitro platelet thromboxane production after the oil diets vs. the milk fat diet (p <0.05 after the sunflower oil diet and p <0.001 after the rapeseed oil diet).

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