Effects of replacing starch with three sugars in a concentrate and forage diet on in vitro rumen fermentation, fatty acid composition and related bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173
Author(s):  
X. Q. Sun ◽  
Y. P. Wang ◽  
R. Y. Wei ◽  
B. Chen ◽  
X. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Context Replacing starch with sugar could maintain dietary energy density with reduced risks of rumen acidosis and milk fat depression, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood, and the effects of sugar feeding might vary among sugars. Aims Objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of replacing corn starch in a diet containing 40:60 forage-to-concentrate ratio (control) with 3%, 6% and 9% of sucrose, fructose and lactose on in vitro rumen fermentation, fatty acid (FA) composition and populations of bacteria involved in the production of trans-11 and trans-10 FA. Methods A 3 × 3 + 1 (control) factorial experimental design was used, and the pH, concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia-N, profiles of FA and the relative abundance of four trans-11-producing bacteria and two trans-10 FA-producing bacteria were measured after a 6-h incubation. Key results Replacing dietary corn starch with sucrose, fructose and lactose neither altered the concentration of total VFA after 6-h fermentation, nor decreased the pH, except for substitution with 9% sucrose. Increased butyrate proportions and decreased branched-chain VFA proportions were the common effects in sugar treatments, but the proportions of acetate and propionate varied among sugars. Lactose inclusion in the diet led to a higher pH, greater acetate and butyrate concentrations, and lower propionate concentrations than did sucrose inclusion. Sugar substitution decreased the concentrations of C18:1 trans-4 and most C18:2 isomers, but did not influence the major isomers related to trans-11 and trans-10 biohydrogenation pathways. Abundance of the four measured trans-11 FA-producing bacteria was increased by sugars, with sucrose showing a greater influence than did fructose and lactose. As to trans-10 FA-producing bacteria, only Megasphaera elsdenii populations were decreased by 3% and 6% fructose inclusion compared with the control. Dose-effect varied among sugars and the parameters measured, with sucrose having the most obvious dose effect among the three sugars; however, fructose affected mainly fermentation parameters, while lactose affected mainly C18 FA profiles. Conclusions Replacing corn starch in a high-concentrate diet with up to 9% of sucrose, fructose and lactose differentially affected rumen fermentation and rumen FA metabolism, by influencing the abundance of rumen bacteria involved in rumen FA biohydrogenation. Implications Lactose may be more efficient in increasing milk fat than are sucrose and fructose, and dose effect should be considered in the utilisation of sucrose.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yichong Wang ◽  
Sijiong Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

Effect of 9,10-Anthraquinone on rumen methane production as studied in vitro and in vivo

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 122-122
Author(s):  
V. Fievez ◽  
B. Vlaeminck ◽  
W. Steinberg ◽  
I. Immig ◽  
D. Demeyer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

In vitro supplementation of 0.05% [on a substrate basis (wt/wt)] - but not of 0.01% - of 9,10-Anthraquinone (AQ) inhibited rumen methanogenesis, reduced total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations and molar proportions of acetate (Acet), increased proportions of propionate (Prop) and butyrate (But) and resulted sometimes in H2 accumulation (Garcia-Lopez et al., 1996). In vivo administration of high amounts of AQ [5% on a substrate basis (wt/wt)] to lambs depressed CH4 and increased H2 concentrations in ruminal gases during the complete 19 days of administration, whereas original concentrations were re-installed within 6 days after the removal of AQ from the diet (Kung et al., 1996). In this experiment we aimed to study the dose effect of AQ on in vitro rumen fermentation and modifications to rumen fermentation when administering 0.05% of AQ in vivo.

scholarly journals Inoculum for In Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Composition of Volatile Fatty Acids

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Senshu ◽  
K. Nakamura ◽  
A. Sawa ◽  
H. Miura ◽  
T. Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

scholarly journals PROTEIN FRACTIONATION AND UTILIZATION OF SOYBEAN AND REDBEAN AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT DRYING TEMPERATURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Anuraga Jayanegara ◽  
Yesi Chwenta Sari ◽  
Roni Ridwan ◽  
Didid Diapari ◽  
Erika Budiarti Laconi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of different drying temperature on chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility of soybean and redbean. Soybean and redbean were dried in an oven set at four different drying temperatures, i.e. 50, 60, 70 and 80 oC for 24 h in three replicates. Dried samples were then milled and used further for chemical composition determination (proximate analysis, Van Soest analysis and protein fraction) and in vitro rumen fermentation assay. Parameters measured in the in vitro assay were gas production, digestibility, pH, ammonia and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Data obtained were analyzed by using analysis of variance and a posthoc test namely Duncan’s multiple range test. Results revealed that neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP) content increased at higher drying temperature (70 or 80 oC) for both soybean and redbean (P<0.05) but at different magnitude. As with NDICP, higher temperature led to a higher acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) both in soybean and redbean (P<0.05). Higher temperature decreased gas production rate (GPR) of both beans (P<0.05). Drying of soybean at 70 or 80 oC decreased crude protein digestibility (CPD) of soybean than dried at 50 or 60 oC (P<0.05). Higher drying temperature resulted in a lower NH3 concentration (P<0.05). It can be concluded that drying temperature at 50 or 60 oC is safe to maintain nutritional quality of soybean and redbean.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profile and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics of maize silage augmented with canola silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-220
Author(s):  
L. A. Mejía Uribe ◽  
I. A. Domínguez Vara ◽  
F. Hernández Ruipérez ◽  
A. A. Rayas Amor ◽  
E. Morales Almaráz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective was to investigate the effect of replacing maize silage (MS) with canola silage (CS) on the chemical composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of total mixed rations (TMR) containing these silages, and on in vitro rumen fermentation and methane production from them. The canola (Brassica napus var. Monty) was cultivated on a small-scale agricultural farm and harvested at 148 days after sowing. Maize silage in a TMR was replaced with 0%, 15%, 25%, and 35% CS to make the rations CS0, CS15, CS25, and CS35, respectively. Proximate analyses of the rations were evaluated in a completely randomized design. The results showed that linolenic acid increased linearly with the level of CS, primarily at the expense of linoleic acid. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was similar among treatments. However, in vitro neutral detergent fibre digestibility (IVNDF) decreased linearly (P <0.05) when the CS proportion increased in the TMR. The lowest ammonia nitrogen content (P <0.05) was observed in CS35. The soluble fraction (A) increased (P <0.05) when the CS increased in the TMR from 0% to 35%. In vitro methane (CH4) production was lowest with CS25 and CS35, decreasing 34% and 23.9%, respectively, compared with CS0. Linolenic acid had a negative correlation with IVNDF (r = -0.94; P <0.05). The IVDMD and methane production were positively correlated (r = 0.60) (P <0.05). In conclusion, 25% and 35% augmentation of MS with CS in a TMR was an important source of linolenic acid (C18:3) and decreased in vitro methane production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ensiled soy sauce by-product combined with several additives as an animal feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 940-946
Author(s):  
Sadarman Sadarman ◽  
Muhammad Ridla ◽  
Nahrowi Nahrowi ◽  
Roni Ridwan ◽  
Anuraga Jayanegara
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Aim: The present experiment aimed to evaluate the use of different additives, i.e., lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant, tannin extract, and propionic acid, on the chemical composition, fermentative characteristics, and in vitro ruminal fermentation of soy sauce by-product (SSB) silage. Materials and Methods: SSB was subjected to seven silage additive treatments: Fresh SSB, ensiled SSB, ensiled SSB+LAB, ensiled SSB+2% acacia tannin, ensiled SSB+2% chestnut tannin, ensiled SSB+0.5% propionic acid, and ensiled SSB+1% acacia tannin+1% chestnut tannin+0.5% propionic acid. Ensiling was performed for 30 days in three replicates, and each replicate was made in duplicate. The samples were evaluated for their chemical composition and silage fermentation characteristics and were tested in an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Results: In general, the nutrient compositions did not differ among the tested SSBs in response to the different additives used. The addition of tannins, either acacia or chestnut, and propionic acid significantly decreased the pH of the ensiled SSB (p<0.05). The addition of several additives (except LAB) decreased the ammonia concentration in SSB silage (p<0.05). The total volatile fatty acids in the in vitro rumen fermentation profile of the ensiled SSB were not significantly altered by the various additives applied. The addition of some additives, i.e., ensiled SSB+LAB and ensiled SSB+2% acacia tannin, reduced the digestibility values of the SSB (p<0.05). Different silage additives did not significantly affect methane production, although the addition of acacia tannins tended to result in the lowest methane production among treatments. Conclusion: The use of additives, particularly 2% acacia tannins, can reduce proteolysis in SSB silage.

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