scholarly journals Plasticity of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Membrane Fatty Acid Composition and Implications for Responses to Antimicrobial Agents

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Kiran B. Tiwari ◽  
Craig Gatto ◽  
Brian J. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Staphylococcus aureus demonstrates considerable membrane lipid plasticity in response to different growth environments, which is of potential relevance to response and resistance to various antimicrobial agents. This information is not available for various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci, which are common skin inhabitants, can be significant human pathogens, and are resistant to multiple antibiotics. We determined the total fatty acid compositions of Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus for comparison purposes. Different proportions of branched-chain and straight-chain fatty acids were observed amongst the different species. However, growth in cation-supplemented Mueller–Hinton broth significantly increased the proportion of branched-chain fatty acids, and membrane fluidities as measured by fluorescence anisotropy. Cation-supplemented Mueller–Hinton broth is used for routine determination of antimicrobial susceptibilities. Growth in serum led to significant increases in straight-chain unsaturated fatty acids in the total fatty acid profiles, and decreases in branched-chain fatty acids. This indicates preformed fatty acids can replace biosynthesized fatty acids in the glycerolipids of coagulase-negative staphylococci, and indicates that bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis system II may not be a good target for antimicrobial agents in these organisms. Even though the different species are expected to be exposed to skin antimicrobial fatty acids, they were susceptible to the major skin antimicrobial fatty acid sapienic acid (C16:1Δ6). Certain species were not susceptible to linoleic acid (C18:2Δ9,12), but no obvious relationship to fatty acid composition could be discerned.

Relationship of primer specificity of fatty acid de novo synthetase to fatty acid composition in 10 species of bacteria and yeasts

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshi Kaneda ◽  
E. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Fatty acid compositions of lipids from six bacteria and four yeasts were determined. Fatty acid de novo synthetases were investigated with respect to chain length specificity towards acyl-CoA primers of various chain lengths.Four species of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Corynebacterium cyclohexanicum, Micrococcus luteus, and Pseudomonas maltophilia) possess branched-chain fatty acids of the iso and anteiso series as the major acids. De novo synthetases from these organisms exhibited specificity towards the chain length of the primer in the order butyrl-CoA > propionyl-CoA [Formula: see text] acetyl-CoA. The remainder, two bacteria and all four yeasts, have the straight-chain type of fatty acids only and fall into two groups: (1) Eschericia coli B, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which utilize the primers in the order acetyl-CoA > propionyl-CoA [Formula: see text] butyryl-CoA; and (2) Candida sake, Candida tropicalis, and Rhodolorula glutinis, which show the order propionyl-CoA > acetyl-CoA [Formula: see text] butyryl-CoA.L-α-Keto-β-methylvalerate, a precursor of the branched-chain primers, can be used as a source of primer for fatty acid synthesis by the organisms with branched-chain acids but not by those with the straight-chain type.The results indicate that organisms having straight-chain fatty acids lack the branched-chain equivalents for two reasons: first, their enzymes are not active toward primers with more than three carbons, and second, they lack a system of supplying suitable branched-chain primers.It appears that activities of de novo synthetases from the organisms having straight-chain fatty acids generally have much higher activities than those from the organisms possessing branched-chain fatty acids.

Fatty acid composition and primer specificity of de novo fatty acid synthetase in Bacillus globispores, Bacillus insolitus, and Bacillus psychrophilus

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1634-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshi Kaneda ◽  
Eleanor J. Smith ◽  
Devarray N. Naik
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The fatty acid compositions of three psychrophilic species of Bacillus were determined by gas–liquid chromatography. The proportions of straight-chain fatty acids, branched-chain fatty acids, and unsaturated fatty acids were found to be 13.3, 86.7, and 26.1 % of the total cellular fatty acids for Bacillus globispores, 36.6, 63.4, and 25.1 % for Bacillus insolitus, and 6.9, 93.1, and 18.4% for Bacillus psychrophilus, respectively. In all three organisms the de novo fatty acid synthetase specificity towards acyl-CoA primers was butyryl-CoA > propionyl-CoA [Formula: see text] acetyl-CoA. This shows that B. insolitus, which has an unusually large proportion of straight-chain fatty acids for Bacillus, does not possess a different de novo fatty acid synthetase than the other two organisms. Therefore, the greater proportion of straight-chain fatty acids in B. insolitus may be explained by a large supply of straight-chain primer.

scholarly journals Effect of Rearing System on the Straight and Branched Fatty Acids of Goat Milk and Meat of Suckling Kids

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Guillermo Ripoll ◽  
María Jesús Alcalde ◽  
Anastasio Argüello ◽  
María de Guía Córdoba ◽  
Begoña Panea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Goat meat is considered healthy because it has fewer calories and fat than meat from other traditional meat species. It is also rich in branched chain fatty acids that have health advantages when consumed. We studied the effects of maternal milk and milk replacers fed to suckling kids of four breeds on the straight and branched fatty acid compositions of their muscle. In addition, the proximal and fatty acid compositions of colostrum and milk were studied. Goat colostrum had more protein and fat and less lactose than milk. Goat milk is an important source of healthy fatty acids such as C18:1 c9 and C18:2 n–6. Suckling kid meat was also an important source of C18:1c9. Dairy goat breeds had higher percentages of trans monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and most of the C18:1 isomers but lower amounts of total MUFAs than meat breeds. However, these dairy kids had meat with a lower percentage of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) than meat kids. The meat of kids fed natural milk had higher amounts of CLA and branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and lower amounts of n–6 fatty acids than kids fed milk replacers. Both milk and meat are a source of linoleic, α-linolenic, docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic fatty acids, which are essential fatty acids and healthy long-chain fatty acids.

scholarly journals The Peroxisomal Acyl-CoA Thioesterase Pte1p fromSaccharomyces cerevisiaeIs Required for Efficient Degradation of Short Straight Chain and Branched Chain Fatty Acids

2006 ◽  
Vol 281 (17) ◽  
pp. 11729-11735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu Maeda ◽  
Syndie Delessert ◽  
Seiko Hasegawa ◽  
Yoshiaki Seto ◽  
Sophie Zuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Biosynthesis of Branched-chain Fatty Acid inBacilli: FabD (malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase) Is Not Essential forIn VitroBiosynthesis of Branched-chain Fatty Acids

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2106-2114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirosuke OKU ◽  
Naoya FUTAMORI ◽  
Kenichi MASUDA ◽  
Yumiko SHIMABUKURO ◽  
Tomoyo OMINE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Variation of Branched-Chain Fatty Acids Marks the Normal Physiological Range for Growth in Listeria monocytogenes

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 2809-2813 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Nichols ◽  
Kirsty A. Presser ◽  
June Olley ◽  
Tom Ross ◽  
Tom A. McMeekin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Physiological Range ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT The fatty acid composition of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A was determined by close-interval sampling over the entire biokinetic temperature range. There was a high degree of variation in the percentage of branched-chain fatty acids at any given temperature. The percentage of branched C17 components increased with growth temperature in a linear manner. However, the percentages of iso-C15:0 (i15:0) and anteiso-C15:0 (a15:0) were well described by third-order and second-order polynomial curves, respectively. There were specific temperature regions where the proportion of branched-chain fatty acids deviated significantly from the trend established over the entire growth range. In the region from 12 to 13°C there were significant deviations in the percentages of both i15:0 and a15:0 together with a suggested deviation in a17:0, resulting in a significant change in the total branched-chain fatty acids. In the 31 to 33°C region the percentage of total branched-chain components exhibited a significant deviation. The observed perturbations in fatty acid composition occurred near the estimated boundaries of the normal physiological range for growth.

scholarly journals Branched-Chain Fatty Acids Promote Listeria monocytogenes Intracellular Infection and Virulence

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 4667-4673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Sun ◽  
Mary X. D. O'Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Listeriolysin O ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT Anteiso-branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) represent the dominant group of membrane fatty acids and have been established as crucial determinants in resistance against environmental stresses in Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular pathogen. Here, we investigate the role of anteiso-BCFA in L. monocytogenes virulence by using mutants deficient in branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BKD), an enzyme complex involved in the synthesis of BCFA. In tissue culture models of infection, anteiso-BCFA contributed to intracellular growth and survival in macrophages and significantly enhanced plaque formation upon prolonged infection in L2 fibroblasts. The intracellular defects observed could be attributed partially to insufficient listeriolysin O (LLO) production, indicating a requirement for anteiso-BCFA in regulating virulence factor production. In a murine model of infection, the BKD-deficient mutant was highly attenuated, further emphasizing the importance of BKD-mediated metabolism in L. monocytogenes virulence. This study demonstrates an underappreciated role for BCFA in bacterial pathogenesis, which may provide insight into the development and application of antimicrobial agents.

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