Poly-phenolic branched-chain fatty acids as potential bio-based, odorless, liquid antimicrobial agents

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Helen Ngo ◽  
◽  
Xuetong Fan ◽  
Robert Moreau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Branched-Chain Fatty Acids Promote Listeria monocytogenes Intracellular Infection and Virulence

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 4667-4673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Sun ◽  
Mary X. D. O'Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Listeriolysin O ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

ABSTRACT Anteiso-branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) represent the dominant group of membrane fatty acids and have been established as crucial determinants in resistance against environmental stresses in Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular pathogen. Here, we investigate the role of anteiso-BCFA in L. monocytogenes virulence by using mutants deficient in branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BKD), an enzyme complex involved in the synthesis of BCFA. In tissue culture models of infection, anteiso-BCFA contributed to intracellular growth and survival in macrophages and significantly enhanced plaque formation upon prolonged infection in L2 fibroblasts. The intracellular defects observed could be attributed partially to insufficient listeriolysin O (LLO) production, indicating a requirement for anteiso-BCFA in regulating virulence factor production. In a murine model of infection, the BKD-deficient mutant was highly attenuated, further emphasizing the importance of BKD-mediated metabolism in L. monocytogenes virulence. This study demonstrates an underappreciated role for BCFA in bacterial pathogenesis, which may provide insight into the development and application of antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Plasticity of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Membrane Fatty Acid Composition and Implications for Responses to Antimicrobial Agents

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Kiran B. Tiwari ◽  
Craig Gatto ◽  
Brian J. Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Mueller Hinton Broth ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Staphylococcus aureus demonstrates considerable membrane lipid plasticity in response to different growth environments, which is of potential relevance to response and resistance to various antimicrobial agents. This information is not available for various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci, which are common skin inhabitants, can be significant human pathogens, and are resistant to multiple antibiotics. We determined the total fatty acid compositions of Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus aureus for comparison purposes. Different proportions of branched-chain and straight-chain fatty acids were observed amongst the different species. However, growth in cation-supplemented Mueller–Hinton broth significantly increased the proportion of branched-chain fatty acids, and membrane fluidities as measured by fluorescence anisotropy. Cation-supplemented Mueller–Hinton broth is used for routine determination of antimicrobial susceptibilities. Growth in serum led to significant increases in straight-chain unsaturated fatty acids in the total fatty acid profiles, and decreases in branched-chain fatty acids. This indicates preformed fatty acids can replace biosynthesized fatty acids in the glycerolipids of coagulase-negative staphylococci, and indicates that bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis system II may not be a good target for antimicrobial agents in these organisms. Even though the different species are expected to be exposed to skin antimicrobial fatty acids, they were susceptible to the major skin antimicrobial fatty acid sapienic acid (C16:1Δ6). Certain species were not susceptible to linoleic acid (C18:2Δ9,12), but no obvious relationship to fatty acid composition could be discerned.

scholarly journals Short- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids as Fecal Markers for Microbiota Activity in Vegans and Omnivores

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1808
Author(s):  
Iris Trefflich ◽  
Stefan Dietrich ◽  
Annett Braune ◽  
Klaus Abraham ◽  
Cornelia Weikert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Fecal Ph ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

A vegan diet could impact microbiota composition and bacterial metabolites like short-chain (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA). The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, and fecal pH between vegans and omnivores. In this cross-sectional study (vegans n = 36; omnivores n = 36), microbiota composition, fecal SCFA, BCFA, and ammonia concentrations and pH were analyzed in complete stool samples. A random forest regression (RFR) was used to identify bacteria predicting SCFA/BCFA concentrations in vegans and omnivores. No significant differences in SCFA and BCFA concentrations were observed between vegans and omnivores. Fecal pH (p = 0.005) and ammonia concentration (p = 0.01) were significantly lower in vegans than in omnivores, while fiber intake was higher (p < 0.0001). Shannon diversity was higher in omnivores compared to vegans on species level (p = 0.04) only. In vegans, a cluster of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella copri, Dialister spp., and Eubacterium spp. was predictive for SCFA and BCFA concentrations. In omnivores, Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus spp., and Prevotella copri were predictive. Though SCFA and BCFA did not differ between vegans and omnivores, the results of the RFR suggest that bacterial functionality may be adapted to varying nutrient availability in these diets.

scholarly journals Chicken-eaters and pork-eaters have different gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolites

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Shi ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Fan Zhao ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
Galia Zamaratskaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractThis study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who frequently ate chicken and who frequently ate pork. Twenty male chicken-eaters and 20 male pork-eaters of 18 and 30 years old were recruited to collect feces samples for analyses of gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites. Chicken-eaters had more diverse gut microbiota and higher abundance of Prevotella 9, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Prevotella 2. However, pork-eaters had higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dialister, and Ruminococcus 2. In addition, chicken-eaters had high contents of skatole and indole in feces than pork-eaters, as well as higher contents of total short chain fatty acids, in particular for acetic acid, propionic acid, and branched chain fatty acids. The Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Prevotella 2 and Prevotella 9 was positively correlated with levels of fecal skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids. Thus, intake of chicken diet may increase the risk of skatole- and indole-induced diseases by altering gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Branched chain fatty acids in the flavour of sheep and goat milk and meat: a review

2021 ◽  
pp. 106398
Author(s):  
Peter J. Watkins ◽  
Jerad R. Jaborek ◽  
Fei Teng ◽  
Li Day ◽  
Hardy Z. Castada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Feeding diversified protein sources exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance via increased gut microbial branched-chain fatty acids and mTORC1 signaling in obese mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice S.-Y. Choi ◽  
Noëmie Daniel ◽  
Vanessa P. Houde ◽  
Adia Ouellette ◽  
Bruno Marcotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Mtorc1 Signaling ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Mixed Protein ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

AbstractAnimal models of human diseases are classically fed purified diets that contain casein as the unique protein source. We show that provision of a mixed protein source mirroring that found in the western diet exacerbates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance by potentiating hepatic mTORC1/S6K1 signaling as compared to casein alone. These effects involve alterations in gut microbiota as shown by fecal microbiota transplantation studies. The detrimental impact of the mixed protein source is also linked with early changes in microbial production of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) and elevated plasma and hepatic acylcarnitines, indicative of aberrant mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. We further show that the BCFA, isobutyric and isovaleric acid, increase glucose production and activate mTORC1/S6K1 in hepatocytes. Our findings demonstrate that alteration of dietary protein source exerts a rapid and robust impact on gut microbiota and BCFA with significant consequences for the development of obesity and insulin resistance.

Biased distribution of the branched-chain fatty acids in ceramides of vernix caseosa

Lipids ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirosuke Oku ◽  
Kunio Mimura ◽  
Yumi Tokitsu ◽  
Kyoko Onaga ◽  
Hironori Iwasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vernix Caseosa ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Biased Distribution ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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