scholarly journals How N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation Affects Redox Regulation, Especially at Mitohormesis and Sarcohormesis Level: Current Perspective

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Aslı Devrim-Lanpir ◽  
Lee Hill ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Exercise frequently alters the metabolic processes of oxidative metabolism in athletes, including exposure to extreme reactive oxygen species impairing exercise performance. Therefore, both researchers and athletes have been consistently investigating the possible strategies to improve metabolic adaptations to exercise-induced oxidative stress. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been applied as a therapeutic agent in treating many diseases in humans due to its precursory role in the production of hepatic glutathione, a natural antioxidant. Several studies have investigated NAC’s possible therapeutic role in oxidative metabolism and adaptive response to exercise in the athletic population. However, still conflicting questions regarding NAC supplementation need to be clarified. This narrative review aims to re-evaluate the metabolic effects of NAC on exercise-induced oxidative stress and adaptive response developed by athletes against the exercise, especially mitohormetic and sarcohormetic response.

Cellular Response To Exercise Induced Oxidative Stress And The Effect Of Diet Composition In Trained Athletes

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S445
Author(s):  
Madlyn I. Frisard ◽  
Anthony E. Civitarese ◽  
Steven R. Smith ◽  
Eric Ravussin ◽  
D Enette Larson-Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Cellular Response To Exercise Induced Oxidative Stress And The Effect Of Diet Composition In Trained Athletes

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S445
Author(s):  
Madlyn I. Frisard ◽  
Anthony E. Civitarese ◽  
Steven R. Smith ◽  
Eric Ravussin ◽  
D Enette Larson-Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

Gender comparisons of exercise-induced oxidative stress: influence of antioxidant supplementation

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan H. Goldfarb ◽  
Michael J. McKenzie ◽  
Richard J. Bloomer
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Vitamin E ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of gender and antioxidant supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Twenty-five men and 23 women ran for 30 min at 80% VO2 max, once before and once after 2 weeks of supplementation, and again after a 1-week wash-out period. Subjects were randomly assigned to either placebo (P), antioxidant (A: 400 IU vitamin E + 1 g vitamin C), or a fruit and vegetable powder (FV) treatment. Blood was obtained at rest and immediately after exercise. Before supplementation, women had higher resting reduced glutathione, total glutathione, and plasma vitamin E compared with men. With both A and FV supplementations, plasma vitamin E gender differences disappeared. Protein carbonyls, oxidized glutathione, and malondialdehyde all increased similarly for both genders in response to exercise. Both A and FV attenuated the reduced glutathione decrease and the oxidized glutathione and protein carbonyls increase compared with P, with no gender differences. 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine was lower with treatment A compared with FV and P only for men. Plasma vitamin C increased 39% (A) and 21% (FV) compared with P. These data indicate that women have higher resting antioxidant levels than men. Markers of oxidative stress increased similarly in both genders in response to exercise of similar intensity and duration. Two weeks of antioxidant supplementation can attenuate exercise-induced oxidative stress equally in both genders.

A pediatric perspective on inflammation and oxidative stress in response to exercise

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W. Timmons ◽  
Sandeep Raha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Exercise Science ◽  
Childhood Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Stress ◽  
Stress Studies ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Dr. Oded Bar-Or was a giant in the area of pediatric exercise science and made numerous contributions to the health of children around the world. He also had a significant impact on a relatively new area of pediatric exercise science — pediatric exercise immunology. Under his supervision, some aspects of the immunobiology of exercise have been unravelled from a pediatric perspective. In general, healthy children experience less inflammatory stress in response to standardized exercise, while demonstrating an exercise-induced elevation in the anabolic cytokine IL-8. Mechanisms for the maturity- and age-dependent changes in cytokine responses to exercise are unknown, but may involve oxidative stress. Studies of oxidative stress and exercise in children are scant, but preliminary data suggests that, like the inflammatory cytokine response to exercise, children may experience less oxidative stress in response to intense exercise. We propose that the links between exercise, inflammatory and oxidative stress, and growth factors will be important to understand in the context of how exercise contributes to optimal growth and development during childhood. This understanding will be particularly relevant for childhood diseases that restrict growth.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tryfonas Tofas ◽  
Dimitrios Draganidis ◽  
Chariklia K. Deli ◽  
Kalliopi Georgakouli ◽  
Ioannis G. Fatouros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Physical Conditioning ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Training And Detraining

Although low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are beneficial for the organism ensuring normal cell and vascular function, the overproduction of ROS and increased oxidative stress levels play a significant role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This paper aims at providing a thorough review of the available literature investigating the effects of acute and chronic exercise training and detraining on redox regulation, in the context of CVDs. An acute bout of either cardiovascular or resistance exercise training induces a transient oxidative stress and inflammatory response accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity and enhanced oxidative damage. There is evidence showing that these responses to exercise are proportional to exercise intensity and inversely related to an individual’s physical conditioning status. However, when chronically performed, both types of exercise amplify the antioxidant defense mechanism, reduce oxidative stress and preserve redox status. On the other hand, detraining results in maladaptations within a time-frame that depends on the exercise training intensity and mode, as high-intensity training is superior to low-intensity and resistance training is superior to cardiovascular training in preserving exercise-induced adaptations during detraining periods. Collectively, these findings suggest that exercise training, either cardiovascular or resistance or even a combination of them, is a promising, safe and efficient tool in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.

Antioxidants attenuate the plasma cytokine response to exercise in humans

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1025-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros Vassilakopoulos ◽  
Maria-Helena Karatza ◽  
Paraskevi Katsaounou ◽  
Androniki Kollintza ◽  
Spyros Zakynthinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Bicycle Exercise ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plasma Cytokines ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Exercise In Humans

Exercise increases plasma TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, yet the stimuli and sources of TNF-α and IL-1β remain largely unknown. We tested the role of oxidative stress and the potential contribution of monocytes in this cytokine (especially IL-1β) response in previously untrained individuals. Six healthy nonathletes performed two 45-min bicycle exercise sessions at 70% ofV˙o 2 max before and after a combination of antioxidants (vitamins E, A, and C for 60 days; allopurinol for 15 days; and N-acetylcysteine for 3 days). Blood was drawn at baseline, end-exercise, and 30 and 120 min postexercise. Plasma cytokines were determined by ELISA and monocyte intracellular cytokine level by flow cytometry. Before antioxidants, TNF-α increased by 60%, IL-1β by threefold, and IL-6 by sixfold secondary to exercise ( P < 0.05). After antioxidants, plasma IL-1β became undetectable, the TNF-α response to exercise was abolished, and the IL-6 response was significantly blunted ( P < 0.05). Exercise did not increase the percentage of monocytes producing the cytokines or their mean fluorescence intensity. We conclude that in untrained humans oxidative stress is a major stimulus for exercise-induced cytokine production and that monocytes play no role in this process.

Antioxidant Response to Exercise-induced Oxidative Stress and Protection by Vitamin E

1992 ◽  
Vol 669 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MEYDANI ◽  
W. EVANS ◽  
G. HANDELMAN ◽  
R. A. FIELDING ◽  
S. N. MEYDANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Response To Exercise

scholarly journals Suppression of the GLUT4 adaptive response to exercise in fructose-fed rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (3) ◽  
pp. E275-E283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeraj Goyaram ◽  
Tertius A. Kohn ◽  
Edward O. Ojuka
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 ◽  
Glut4 Expression ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Accessibility Pattern ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
H3 Acetylation ◽  
The Impact

Exercise-induced increase in skeletal muscle GLUT4 expression is associated with hyperacetylation of histone H3 within a 350-bp DNA region surrounding the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) element on the Glut4 promoter and increased binding of MEF2A. Previous studies have hypothesized that the increase in MEF2A binding is a result of improved accessibility of this DNA segment. Here, we investigated the impact of fructose consumption on exercise-induced GLUT4 adaptive response and directly measured the accessibility of the above segment to nucleases. Male Wistar rats ( n = 30) were fed standard chow or chow + 10% fructose or maltodextrin drinks ad libitum for 13 days. In the last 6 days five animals per group performed 3 × 17-min bouts of intermittent swimming daily and five remained untrained. Triceps muscles were harvested and used to measure 1) GLUT4, pAMPK, and HDAC5 contents by Western blot, 2) accessibility of the DNA segment from intact nuclei using nuclease accessibility assays, 3) acetylation level of histone H3 and bound MEF2A by ChIP assays, and 4) glycogen content. Swim training increased GLUT4 content by ∼66% ( P < 0.05) but fructose and maltodextrin feeding suppressed the adaptation. Accessibility of the DNA region to MNase and DNase I was significantly increased by swimming (∼2.75- and 5.75-fold, respectively) but was also suppressed in trained rats that consumed fructose or maltodextrin. Histone H3 acetylation and MEF2A binding paralleled the accessibility pattern. These findings indicate that both fructose and maltodextrin modulate the GLUT4 adaptive response to exercise by mechanisms involving chromatin remodeling at the Glut4 promoter.

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