scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Chiung-Mei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Abnormal Accumulation ◽  
Progressive Neurodegeneration ◽  
Antioxidative Treatment

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is caused by progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons with abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in substantia nigra (SN). Studies have suggested the potential involvement of dopamine, iron, calcium, mitochondria and neuroinflammation in contributing to overwhelmed oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in PD. Function studies on PD-causative mutations of SNCA, PRKN, PINK1, DJ-1, LRRK2, FBXO7 and ATP13A2 further indicate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, it is reasonable that molecules involved in oxidative stress, such as DJ-1, coenzyme Q10, uric acid, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosin, homocysteine, retinoic acid/carotenes, vitamin E, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, xanthine oxidase and products of lipid peroxidation, could be candidate biomarkers for PD. Applications of antioxidants to modulate oxidative stress could be a strategy in treating PD. Although a number of antioxidants, such as creatine, vitamin E, coenzyme Q10, pioglitazone, melatonin and desferrioxamine, have been tested in clinical trials, none of them have demonstrated conclusive evidence to ameliorate the neurodegeneration in PD patients. Difficulties in clinical studies may be caused by the long-standing progression of neurodegeneration, lack of biomarkers for premotor stage of PD and inadequate drug delivery across blood–brain barrier. Solutions for these challenges will be warranted for future studies with novel antioxidative treatment in PD patients.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Epigenetic Mechanism in Manganese Induced Neurotoxicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Tarale ◽  
Tapan Chakrabarti ◽  
Saravanadevi Sivanesan ◽  
Pravin Naoghare ◽  
Amit Bafana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Dna Hypomethylation ◽  
Manganese Neurotoxicity

Manganese is a vital nutrient and is maintained at an optimal level (2.5–5 mg/day) in human body. Chronic exposure to manganese is associated with neurotoxicity and correlated with the development of various neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. Oxidative stress mediated apoptotic cell death has been well established mechanism in manganese induced toxicity. Oxidative stress has a potential to alter the epigenetic mechanism of gene regulation. Epigenetic insight of manganese neurotoxicity in context of its correlation with the development of parkinsonism is poorly understood. Parkinson’s disease is characterized by theα-synuclein aggregation in the form of Lewy bodies in neuronal cells. Recent findings illustrate that manganese can cause overexpression ofα-synuclein.α-Synuclein acts epigenetically via interaction with histone proteins in regulating apoptosis.α-Synuclein also causes global DNA hypomethylation through sequestration of DNA methyltransferase in cytoplasm. An individual genetic difference may also have an influence on epigenetic susceptibility to manganese neurotoxicity and the development of Parkinson’s disease. This review presents the current state of findings in relation to role of epigenetic mechanism in manganese induced neurotoxicity, with a special emphasis on the development of Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals The Possible Role of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 on Locomotor Activity and Oxidative Stress in a Rotenone-Induced Zebrafish Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie ◽  
Emanuela Paduraru ◽  
Madalina-Andreea Robea ◽  
Ioana-Miruna Balmus ◽  
Roxana Jijie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group

Background. As every organ within the body, the brain is also extremely susceptible to a plethora of noxious agents that change its chemistry. One component frequently found in current products against harmful species to crops is rotenone whose effect under prolonged exposure has been demonstrated to cause neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. The latest reports have indeed revealed that rotenone promotes Parkinson’s in humans, but studies aiming to show congruent effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio) are lacking. Material and Methods. In this context, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate how chronic administration of rotenone for 3 weeks impairs the locomotor activity and sociability and induces oxidative stress in zebrafish. Results. There were no statistically significant differences following the analysis of their social interaction and locomotor tests ( p > 0.05 ). However, several exceptions have been noted in the control, rotenone, and probiotics groups when we compared their locomotor activity during the pretreatment and treatment interval ( p < 0.05 ). We further assessed the role of rotenone in disturbing the detoxifying system as represented by three enzymes known as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Despite the fact that there were no statistically significant changes within SOD and GPx levels between the control group and rotenone, probiotics, and rotenone + probiotics ( p > 0.05 ), relevant changes have been observed between the analyzed groups ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.005 , respectively). On the other hand, significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) have been observed for MDA when we analyzed the data between the control group and the other three groups. Conclusions. Our results suggest that rotenone can be successfully used to trigger Parkinson’s disease-related symptomatology in zebrafish.

Flavonoids, the Family of Plant-derived Antioxidants making inroads into Novel Therapeutic Design against IR-induced Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan Behl ◽  
Gagandeep Kaur ◽  
Aayush Sehgal ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Sukhbir Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Background: Ionizing radiation from telluric sources is unceasingly an unprotected pitfall to humans. Thus, the foremost contributors to human exposure are global and medical radiations. Various pieces of evidences assembled during preceding years reveal the pertinent role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in the progression of neurodegenerative insults such as Parkinson’s disease, which have been contributing to increased proliferation and generation of reactive oxygen species. Objective: This review delineates the role of ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease and proposes novel therapeutic interventions of flavonoid family offering effective management and slowing down the progression of Parkinson’s disease. Method: Published papers were searched via MEDLINE, PubMed, etc. published to date for in-depth database collection. Results: The potential of oxidative damage may harm the non-targeted cells. It can also modulate the functions of central nervous system, such as protein misfolding, mitochondria dysfunction, increased levels of oxidized lipids, and dopaminergic cell death, which accelerates the progression of Parkinson’s disease at the molecular, cellular, or tissue levels. In Parkinson’s disease, reactive oxygen species exacerbate the production of nitric oxides and superoxides by activated microglia, rendering death of dopaminergic neuronal cell through different mechanisms. Conclusion: Rising interest has extensively engrossed on the clinical trial designs based on the plant derived family of antioxidants. They are known to exert multifarious impact either way in neuroprotection via directly suppressing ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production or indirectly increasing the dopamine levels and activating the glial cells.

Peripheral markers of oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease. the role of L-DOPA

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 428-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Martignoni ◽  
F Blandini ◽  
L Godi ◽  
S Desideri ◽  
C Pacchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Peripheral Markers

scholarly journals Lipid-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahira Farooqui ◽  
Akhlaq A. Farooqui
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Progressive Neurodegeneration

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder of unknown etiology. PD is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, depletion of dopamine in the striatum, abnormal mitochondrial and proteasomal functions, and accumulation ofα-synuclein that may be closely associated with pathological and clinical abnormalities. Increasing evidence indicates that both oxidative stress and inflammation may play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of PD. Oxidative stress is characterized by increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depletion of glutathione. Lipid mediators for oxidative stress include 4-hydroxynonenal, isoprostanes, isofurans, isoketals, neuroprostanes, and neurofurans. Neuroinflammation is characterized by activated microglial cells that generate proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-αand IL-1β. Proinflammatory lipid mediators include prostaglandins and platelet activating factor, together with cytokines may play a prominent role in mediating the progressive neurodegeneration in PD.

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