scholarly journals Investigation of Ytterbium Incorporation in Lithium Niobate for Active Waveguide Devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2189
Author(s):  
Christian E. Rüter ◽  
Dominik Brüske ◽  
Sergiy Suntsov ◽  
Detlef Kip
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Solubility Limit ◽  
Waveguide Devices ◽  
Diffusion Parameters ◽  
Diffusion Characteristics ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Active Waveguide ◽  
Spectroscopy Optical

In this work, we report on an investigation of the ytterbium diffusion characteristics in lithium niobate. Ytterbium-doped substrates were prepared by in-diffusion of thin metallic layers coated onto x- and z-cut congruent substrates at different temperatures. The ytterbium profiles were investigated in detail by means of secondary neutral mass spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and optical spectroscopy. Diffusion from an infinite source was used to determine the solubility limit of ytterbium in lithium niobate as a function of temperature. The derived diffusion parameters are of importance for the development of active waveguide devices in ytterbium-doped lithium niobate.

scholarly journals Migration from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) polymer: swelling effect of food simulants compared to real foods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Guazzotti ◽  
Annika Ebert ◽  
Anita Gruner ◽  
Frank Welle
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Polymer Swelling ◽  
Food Simulants ◽  
Diffusion Parameters ◽  
Compliance Testing ◽  
Diffusion Migration ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

AbstractMaterials and articles made of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) intended for contact with food must comply with the requirements of the European Plastic Regulation (EU) 10/2011, which lays down the food simulants and the time/temperature conditions to be applied for migration testing. Previous studies indicated that high concentrations of ethanol at temperatures above ambient may lead to swelling of ABS polymers resulting in increased migration. In this study migration kinetic data for a set of model substances at different temperatures were obtained using both food simulants stipulated in EU regulations and real food (milk, cream and olive oil). At the same time, the extent of polymer swelling was gravimetrically characterized after contact with simulants and different foods tested at several conditions to cover the majority of foreseeable applications of ABS. The obtained results confirmed that the use of high concentrations of ethanol–water, especially at high temperatures, causes the swelling of ABS polymers and results in significantly higher migration values compared to the tested foods as well as Tenax®. None of the real foods studied cause significant swelling of ABS. The widely used simulant 95% (v/v) aqueous ethanol proves not be suitable for compliance testing of ABS under the recommended conditions of Regulation (EU) 10/2011. Swelling of the polymer results in artificially higher diffusion coefficients or lower activation energies of diffusion. Migration prediction using polymer-specific diffusion parameters should therefore be considered to avoid over-conservative risk assessment for food contact materials and articles made of ABS.

scholarly journals High-efficient coupler for thin-film lithium niobate waveguide devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 5397
Author(s):  
Changran Hu ◽  
An Pan ◽  
Tingan Li ◽  
Xuanhao Wang ◽  
Yuheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Waveguide Devices ◽  
High Efficient

Analysis on Diffusion Parameters of Rolling Mill Bearing Alloy-Interface

2010 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Bin Li ◽  
Qing Xue Huang ◽  
Jian Mei Wang ◽  
Qin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Rolling Mill ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Reaction Process ◽  
Diffusion Parameters ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Bearing Alloy

In this paper, the diffusion quantity of different temperatures and unit time have been investigated basing on experimental results and theoretical analysis. The diffusing parameters of molten tin in the reaction process is investigated according to diffusing formula. The results within the range of 260～350°C indicates that the diffusing activation energy is increased with the time until the reaction ceases and it is decreased with the increasing of the temperature and substrate vacancy, but the average diffusing constant of tin increased with the temperature.

Acousto-optical modulation of thin film lithium niobate waveguide devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutong Cai ◽  
Ashraf Mahmoud ◽  
Msi Khan ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoud ◽  
Tamal Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Optical Modulation ◽  
Waveguide Devices

The Annealing Behavior of cryoECAP Processed Pure Aluminum under High Magnetic Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 391-396
Author(s):  
Xie Hua Li ◽  
Yi Heng Cao ◽  
Li Zi He ◽  
Ya Ping Guo ◽  
Jian Zhong Cui
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
High Magnetic Field ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Microscopy Observation ◽  
Annealing Behavior ◽  
Different Temperatures

The property and microstructure of pure Al prepared by the cryogenic ECAP after annealing at different temperatures and times with and without the application of 12T high magnetic field were investigated by hardness test and optical microscopy observation. The results show that with the application of high magnetic field, the hardness of cryo-ECAPed pure Al is lower than that of material annealing without high magnetic field. The high magnetic field accelerates crystallization of cryo-ECAPed pure Al during annealing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document