scholarly journals Trapping Entomopathogenic Fungi from Vine Terroir Soil Samples with Insect Baits for Controlling Serious Pests

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3539
Author(s):  
Spiridon Mantzoukas ◽  
Ioannis Lagogiannis ◽  
Aristeidis Ntoukas ◽  
Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos ◽  
Demetrios Kouretas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
Soil Distribution

Fungi are eukaryotic microorganisms with many forms and certain demands about the soil they colonize, which reveal the conditions that prevail therein. Although they can often kill pests without damaging plants or humans, they are not widely used as pesticides as they are not easy to handle and require much time before they act. Nevertheless, insects can be used as baits to trap these entomopathogenic fungi, giving information about their distribution within the terroir. The purpose of this study was to investigate the soil distribution of entomopathogenic fungi species in soil samples from two vine soil terroirs. Nine fungi were identified in total, but M. anisopliae and B. bassiana showed the greatest frequency, which was expressed by difference in adult bait mortality among species. These fungi had not been previously documented in vine terroirs.

SINGULARITY FEATURES OF PORE-SIZE SOIL DISTRIBUTION: SINGULARITY STRENGTH ANALYSIS AND ENTROPY SPECTRUM

Fractals ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. CANIEGO ◽  
M. A. MARTÍN ◽  
F. SAN JOSÉ
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Entropy Spectrum ◽  
Singular Measures ◽  
Experimental Measure ◽  
Soil Distribution ◽  
Smooth Density

In this paper, several features of pore-size soil distribution are first analyzed, suggesting that they are closer to those of singular measures than to those of distributions with smooth density. In a second step, the weighted singularity strength of an experimental measure obtained by image analysis of soil samples is evaluated. The results of this analysis show the singular nature of pore-size distribution. Finally, the distribution is characterized by means of a spectrum of entropies computed on distorted measures associated with the original experimental measure.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2365-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYU SAFITRI ◽  
SITI HERLINDA ◽  
ARUM SETIAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Safitri A, Herlinda S, Setiawan A. 2018. Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2365-2373. Ecosystems of lowlands and highlands in South Sumatra have specific characteristics of soils and vegetations that can affect the availability of entomopathogenic fungi. This study aimed to explore and identify species and to determine inoculum potentials of the entomopathogenic fungi from soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands. Baiting of entomopathogenic fungi on soil samples used the larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The entomopathogenic fungi species found in this research were Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. The number of the fungal isolates were 30 isolates consisting of nine isolates of B. bassiana and 21 isolates of M. anisopliae.The highest number of isolates was found in the highland ecosystem (11 isolates) and the lowest was found in peatland ecosystem (4 isolates). The highest percentage average of inoculum potentials of the fungi was found in the high land ecosystem (4.04%) and the lowest one was found in freshwater swamps ecosystem (2.11%). Based on the vegetation type, the soil planted with mustard in Talang Patai-Pagaralam (highland ecosystem) had the highest inoculum potentials (9.33%). These fungi will make an important contribution to the biological control for insect pests in lowland to highland ecosystems in Indonesia.

Comparison of Methods for Isolating Entomopathogenic Fungi from Soil Samples

10.3791/63353 ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais A. Correa ◽  
Fernanda S. Santos ◽  
Mariana G. Camargo ◽  
Simone Quinelato ◽  
Vânia R. E. P. Bittencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Comparison Of Methods

scholarly journals Measurement of Total Free Iron in Soils by H2S Chemisorption and Comparison with the Citrate Bicarbonate Dithionite Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shui-Sheng Fan ◽  
Feng-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Hsin-Ta Hsueh ◽  
Tzu-Hsing Ko
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Free Iron ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Gaseous Reagent ◽  
Cbd Method ◽  
Soil Distribution

Free iron is one of the major analytical items for soil basic properties. It is also an important indicator for understanding the genesis of soil, soil classification, and soil distribution behavior. In this study, an alternative analytical method (chemisorption) based on thermodynamic knowledge was proposed for measurement of total free iron oxides in soils. Several representative soil samples belonging to alfisols, ultisols, inceptisols, and entisols were collected from Taiwan and tested by the chemisorption, and the estimated total free iron oxides were compared with those measured from the traditional citrate bicarbonate dithionite (CBD) method. Experimental results showed that the optimal operating temperature was found to be at 773 K and the carbon monoxide (CO) is the best gaseous reagent to promote the formation of FeS. The estimated total free iron oxides for soil samples determined from the chemisorption in the presence of CO were very close to those from the CBD technique. The result of regression indicates that the estimated total free iron is strongly correlated with the CBD-Fe content (R2=0.999) in the presence of CO.

scholarly journals Aspergillus oryzae and Beauveria bassiana as entomopathogenic fungi of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) infesting corn in Lampung, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyun Fitriana ◽  
Radix Suharjo ◽  
I. Gede Swibawa ◽  
Bihikmi Semenguk ◽  
Lita Theresia Pasaribu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest causing severe damage to many cultivating plants such as corn worldwide, including Indonesia. This study was performed to obtain and identify entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) of S. litura collected from corn fields in 4 corn producing regions of Lampung, Indonesia, as well as to investigate the damage caused by this pest on corn in Lampung Province. Results Three corn fields in each region were selected for collecting soil samples. Soil samples were collected from 5 corn plant rhizospheres, at each field in six months of survey. Ten larvae of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) were laid on each soil sample as a bait, covered with a filter paper and incubated at room temperature. The emerging fungi from T. molitor cadaver were transferred onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and incubated for 7 days at room temperature. Pathogenicity test was determined against 3rd instar of S. litura larvae. Identification was performed based on the sequence of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region. Observations on the corn damage caused by S. litura were conducted at all corn producing areas in Lampung. Twelve fungal isolates were obtained causing 0–75% of mortality of S. litura. Four fungal isolates (NKPT, SKHJ, SDHJ and RAHJ), which caused mortality more than 20%, were further identified. One isolate (NKPT) was confirmed as Beauveria bassiana and the other 3 isolates (SKHJ, SDHJ and RAHJ) were Aspergillus oryzae. S. litura generally caused slight damages to the corn which was found in every observation year performed during 2010–2019. Medium plant damage was observed in 2010–2012 and 2018–2019, severe damage was found in 2011 and crop failure was recorded in 2018. Conclusions Aspergillus oryzae and B. bassiana were the EPF recorded infecting S. litura in corn in Lampung Province. This was the first report on the isolates of A. oryzae as EPF of S. litura in Indonesia. Slight damages with S. litura were always recorded in every observation year but not for those of medium and severe damages and crop failure.

scholarly journals Efficacy of soil isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against the bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus robini (Acari: Acaridae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Konopická ◽  
Andrea Bohatá ◽  
Jiří Nermuť ◽  
Eva Jozová ◽  
Zdeněk Mráček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Rhizoglyphus Robini ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Bulb Mite

The bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus robini, is a serious pest of garlic, onion and other crops. The mite is usually found in association with dangerous fungal pathogens such as Fusarium spp. Control of this pest has relied upon the use of synthetic acaricides but chemical control of the bulb mite is difficult because it is able to develop resistance quickly. Thus, alternative control methods, e.g. biological control, need to be developed and implemented. The aim of this study was to assess efficacy of selected strains of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) against adult females of R. robini under laboratory conditions. New EPF strains were isolated from soil samples collected in onion and garlic fields in the Czech Republic and Israel using soil elution and cultivation on selective media. Fungal species were determined using macroscopic, microscopic and molecular markers. The efficacy against R. robini females was tested in 17 isolated and 3 reference strains of EPF. Results revealed high variability among species and strains. The highest efficacy against R. robini mites was found in strains of Metarhizium anisopliae isolated from soil samples collected in the Czech Republic which caused mortality up to 99.3%, and a Metarhizium indigoticum strain from Israel causing 98.3% mortality after four days of bioassay. Isaria fumosorosea strains did not caused mortality higher than 40%. The lowest virulence was found in Beauveria spp. strains causing mortality of mites between 5 and 25%. Median lethal time (LT50) and median lethal concentration (LC50) in the three most virulent strains ranged between 2 and 4 days and between 1.01×104 and 2.36×105 spores/ml, respectively. The concentration-response models indicated that the M. indigoticum strain is more lethal than M. anisopliae strains. The present study showed that some strains of entomopathogenic fungi, especially from the genus Metarhizium, could be perspective biocontrol agents against R. robini.

scholarly journals Testing of soil distribution, viability, and infectivity of azygospores of the entomopathogenic fungus Entomophaga maimaiga

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Mara Tabaković-Tošić ◽  
Sanja Jovanović ◽  
Marija Milosavljević
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Moth Population ◽  
Entomophaga Maimaiga ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soil Distribution ◽  
The Given ◽  
Health Deterioration ◽  
A New Species

Entomophaga maimaiga is one of the best-known gypsy moth pathogens with increasing importance in the biological control aimed at reducing the population of this defoliator. The territory of the Republic of Serbia is a very favorable gypsy moth habitat, and the problems caused by its larvae during the periods of outbreaks are so great that they can lead to forest defoliation and forest health deterioration. In the Republic of Serbia, E. maimaiga was first recorded in 2011 (as a new species in the microflora of Serbia) during the gypsy moth outbreak (2009-2014), which was the last to date. In 2011, numerous dead caterpillars were found on and around trees in oak and beech stands of the Belgrade and Valjevo regions in Serbia. Subsequent laboratory analyses revealed that they contained azygospores and conidia of this fungus. The assisted introduction of E. maimaiga was carried out in Compartments 28 and 30 of the FMU Avala on Mt. Avala in 2011. It led to an epizootic in the following year and stopped the outbreak of the gypsy moth in the area. Since it has been seven years since the outbreak, we tested the viability and infectivity of E. maimaiga azygospores obtained from the soil samples from Avala Mountain where its assisted introduction was carried out. We used larvae from the laboratory gypsy moth population and applied the bioassay method. The results show that azygospores are present in the given soil samples, they are viable and their infectivity is conserved. It can be concluded that in the case of an outbreak of gypsy moth populations in the future, they will exhibit their entomopathogenic effect

scholarly journals Insecticidal Action of Several Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungi against The Granary Weevil Sitophilus Granarius

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiridon Mantzoukas ◽  
Ioannis Lagogiannis ◽  
Maria Mpekiri ◽  
Ioannis Pettas ◽  
Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Insecticidal Action ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

The insecticidal virulence of various entomopathogenic fungal isolates retrieved from soil samples was tested on adults of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Bioassays were carried out in the laboratory where experimental adults were sprayed with 1 mL of conidial suspension (108 conidia/mL) from each isolate. Mortality was recorded at 7, 14, and 21 days after exposure. Mean mortality, mean lethal time, survival, and hazard effect were estimated for each isolate. Two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), one isolate of Aspergillus insuetus (Bainier) Thom & Church (Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) resulted in the highest mortality (97–100%). The isolates with both the highest hazard effect and the lowest survival rate were Aspergillus sp. and M. anisopliae. Our results indicate that entomopathogenic fungi have the potential to become a very useful tool in reducing chemical applications in storage facilities.

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