scholarly journals Insecticidal Action of Several Isolates of Entomopathogenic Fungi against The Granary Weevil Sitophilus Granarius

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiridon Mantzoukas ◽  
Ioannis Lagogiannis ◽  
Maria Mpekiri ◽  
Ioannis Pettas ◽  
Panagiotis A. Eliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Insecticidal Action ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

The insecticidal virulence of various entomopathogenic fungal isolates retrieved from soil samples was tested on adults of the granary weevil Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Bioassays were carried out in the laboratory where experimental adults were sprayed with 1 mL of conidial suspension (108 conidia/mL) from each isolate. Mortality was recorded at 7, 14, and 21 days after exposure. Mean mortality, mean lethal time, survival, and hazard effect were estimated for each isolate. Two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), one isolate of Aspergillus insuetus (Bainier) Thom & Church (Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) resulted in the highest mortality (97–100%). The isolates with both the highest hazard effect and the lowest survival rate were Aspergillus sp. and M. anisopliae. Our results indicate that entomopathogenic fungi have the potential to become a very useful tool in reducing chemical applications in storage facilities.

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 2365-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
AYU SAFITRI ◽  
SITI HERLINDA ◽  
ARUM SETIAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Safitri A, Herlinda S, Setiawan A. 2018. Entomopathogenic fungi of soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 2365-2373. Ecosystems of lowlands and highlands in South Sumatra have specific characteristics of soils and vegetations that can affect the availability of entomopathogenic fungi. This study aimed to explore and identify species and to determine inoculum potentials of the entomopathogenic fungi from soils of freshwater swamps, tidal lowlands, peatlands, and highlands. Baiting of entomopathogenic fungi on soil samples used the larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The entomopathogenic fungi species found in this research were Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. The number of the fungal isolates were 30 isolates consisting of nine isolates of B. bassiana and 21 isolates of M. anisopliae.The highest number of isolates was found in the highland ecosystem (11 isolates) and the lowest was found in peatland ecosystem (4 isolates). The highest percentage average of inoculum potentials of the fungi was found in the high land ecosystem (4.04%) and the lowest one was found in freshwater swamps ecosystem (2.11%). Based on the vegetation type, the soil planted with mustard in Talang Patai-Pagaralam (highland ecosystem) had the highest inoculum potentials (9.33%). These fungi will make an important contribution to the biological control for insect pests in lowland to highland ecosystems in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Evaluating the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) and Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) isolates to Arabian rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Khudhair ◽  
M.Z. Khalaf ◽  
H.F. Alrubeai ◽  
A.K. Shbar ◽  
B.S. Hamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Oryctes Agamemnon ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Short Time

Virulence of entomopathogenic fungi <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> and <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> were tested against Arabian Rhinoceros Beetle, <em>Oryctes agamemnon arabicus</em> larvae. Four concentrations (1×10<sup>5</sup>, 1×10<sup>7</sup>, 1×10<sup>9</sup> and 1×10<sup>11</sup> conidia/mL<sup>–1</sup>) of two locally isolated entomopathogenic fungi spore suspensions were used in this study via larval direct spraying. Results revealed that both isolates can cause high mortality rate reaching 100% after 29 days. However, <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> scored higher mortality rate in short time especially at the concentration of 1×10<sup>11</sup> conidia/ mL<sup>–1</sup> with lethal time (LT)<sub>50</sub> 12.75 and LT<sub>90</sub> 20.00; while, <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> caused the higher percentage of malformed adults. Moreover, both isolates affected insect’s life cycle particularly in the pupal stage which was reduced remarkably by almost 50% in comparison with the control treatment.

Virulence of Some Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) to Aulacaspis tubercularis (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)and Icerya seychellarum (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) on Mango Crop

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atef M M Sayed ◽  
Christopher A Dunlap
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Six fungal isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and one isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin were isolated and evaluated for their pathogenicity to Icerya seychellarum (Westwood) and Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead. There is a positive correlation between the concentration of the fungal blastospore concentrations and the percentage of mortality. Bio-efficacy increased significantly after inoculation with increasing concentration of blastospores and elapsed time up to 12 d after inoculation. The mortality of nymphs exposed to fungal isolates at various concentrations varied between 2.5 and 88.8%. Probit analysis of data at 95% confidence limits of LC50 and LT50s showed significant differences in the susceptibility of nymphs of I. seychellarum and A. tubercularis to the tested fungal isolates. The fungal isolates of Egy-6 and Egy-9 were the most effective against I. seychellarum and A. tubercularis, respectively. They had the lowest LC50 (4.20 × 105 and 5.71 × 103 blastospore ml−1) and LT50 (ranged from 4.61 to 9.79 and 4.84 to 8.71 d), respectively. The current study showed that all the fungal isolates yielded moderate mortality rates of nymphs and adult female populations of both the tested insect pests. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bio-efficacy of Beauveria and Metarhizium isolates against members of the Diaspidadae and Monophlebidae family insects. These results establish that the use of these native entomopathogenic fungi isolates of B. bassiana (Egy-3, Egy-4, Egy-6, Egy-7, Egy-9, and Egy-10) and M. anisopliae (Egy-5) could be considered for further development as microbial control agents of the mealybug and scale insects as a potential biological agent for use in an IPM program.

scholarly journals Aspergillus oryzae and Beauveria bassiana as entomopathogenic fungi of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) infesting corn in Lampung, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyun Fitriana ◽  
Radix Suharjo ◽  
I. Gede Swibawa ◽  
Bihikmi Semenguk ◽  
Lita Theresia Pasaribu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract Background Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest causing severe damage to many cultivating plants such as corn worldwide, including Indonesia. This study was performed to obtain and identify entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) of S. litura collected from corn fields in 4 corn producing regions of Lampung, Indonesia, as well as to investigate the damage caused by this pest on corn in Lampung Province. Results Three corn fields in each region were selected for collecting soil samples. Soil samples were collected from 5 corn plant rhizospheres, at each field in six months of survey. Ten larvae of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) were laid on each soil sample as a bait, covered with a filter paper and incubated at room temperature. The emerging fungi from T. molitor cadaver were transferred onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and incubated for 7 days at room temperature. Pathogenicity test was determined against 3rd instar of S. litura larvae. Identification was performed based on the sequence of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region. Observations on the corn damage caused by S. litura were conducted at all corn producing areas in Lampung. Twelve fungal isolates were obtained causing 0–75% of mortality of S. litura. Four fungal isolates (NKPT, SKHJ, SDHJ and RAHJ), which caused mortality more than 20%, were further identified. One isolate (NKPT) was confirmed as Beauveria bassiana and the other 3 isolates (SKHJ, SDHJ and RAHJ) were Aspergillus oryzae. S. litura generally caused slight damages to the corn which was found in every observation year performed during 2010–2019. Medium plant damage was observed in 2010–2012 and 2018–2019, severe damage was found in 2011 and crop failure was recorded in 2018. Conclusions Aspergillus oryzae and B. bassiana were the EPF recorded infecting S. litura in corn in Lampung Province. This was the first report on the isolates of A. oryzae as EPF of S. litura in Indonesia. Slight damages with S. litura were always recorded in every observation year but not for those of medium and severe damages and crop failure.

scholarly journals Efficacy of soil isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against the bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus robini (Acari: Acaridae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Konopická ◽  
Andrea Bohatá ◽  
Jiří Nermuť ◽  
Eva Jozová ◽  
Zdeněk Mráček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Rhizoglyphus Robini ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Bulb Mite

The bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus robini, is a serious pest of garlic, onion and other crops. The mite is usually found in association with dangerous fungal pathogens such as Fusarium spp. Control of this pest has relied upon the use of synthetic acaricides but chemical control of the bulb mite is difficult because it is able to develop resistance quickly. Thus, alternative control methods, e.g. biological control, need to be developed and implemented. The aim of this study was to assess efficacy of selected strains of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) against adult females of R. robini under laboratory conditions. New EPF strains were isolated from soil samples collected in onion and garlic fields in the Czech Republic and Israel using soil elution and cultivation on selective media. Fungal species were determined using macroscopic, microscopic and molecular markers. The efficacy against R. robini females was tested in 17 isolated and 3 reference strains of EPF. Results revealed high variability among species and strains. The highest efficacy against R. robini mites was found in strains of Metarhizium anisopliae isolated from soil samples collected in the Czech Republic which caused mortality up to 99.3%, and a Metarhizium indigoticum strain from Israel causing 98.3% mortality after four days of bioassay. Isaria fumosorosea strains did not caused mortality higher than 40%. The lowest virulence was found in Beauveria spp. strains causing mortality of mites between 5 and 25%. Median lethal time (LT50) and median lethal concentration (LC50) in the three most virulent strains ranged between 2 and 4 days and between 1.01×104 and 2.36×105 spores/ml, respectively. The concentration-response models indicated that the M. indigoticum strain is more lethal than M. anisopliae strains. The present study showed that some strains of entomopathogenic fungi, especially from the genus Metarhizium, could be perspective biocontrol agents against R. robini.

scholarly journals Compatibility and combined efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi and neonicotinoid insecticides against Myzus persicae (Sulzer): An ecofriendly approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Jaydeep Halder ◽  
Sujan Majumder ◽  
A. B. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Test Population ◽  
Lethal Time

Efficacy of different entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) viz., Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium (=Verticillium) lecanii and neonicotinoid insecticides i.e., Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam and Acetamiprid were evaluated alone and their 1:1 combination against Lipaphis erysimi prevalent in vegetable ecosystem. Among the entomopathogenic fungi, B. bassiana was found most promising registering lowest median lethal time (LT50) of 48.17, 48.92 and 48.87 h during the period of 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively, followed by L. lecanii (49.57, 49.45 and 50.46 h), M. anisopliae (51.81, 51.67 and 51.63 h). Amongst the three neonicotinoids, Acetamiprid was found more efficacious than the Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam. Blending of B. bassiana and Acetamiprid at half of their recommended dose took lowest (22.76, 23.48 and 23.06 h during 2018, 2019 and 2020, respectively) lethal time to kill the fifty per cent test population followed by L. lecanii + Acetamiprid (22.58, 22.68, 22.52 h) and M. anisopliae + Acetamiprid (22.61, 23.82, 23.60 h). Combinations of these entomopathogenic fungi and neonicotinoid insecticides had co-toxicity co-efficient values > 1 and lower LT50 values than each of their individual indicating the compatibility amongst them. Co-application of these EPF with sub-lethal concentration of neonicotinoids could not only be a green ecofriendly option against this sucking pest but also able to minimize the chemical insecticides load in the environment.

scholarly journals Controversial impact of experimental soil inoculant containing Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on Sitophilus granarius

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Keszthelyi ◽  
Petra Grünvald ◽  
Ferenc Pál-Fám
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Stored Product Pests ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy ◽  
Soil Inoculant ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe insecticidal efficacy of the experimental bioinoculants (Natur Nova, Natur Agro Hungary Ltd., Hungary) containing Beauveria bassiana (Bals.-Criv). Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae Metschnikoff against stored product pests modelled by granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius L. was evaluated on wheat in laboratory tests. In order to comparability, two applications were also set up: one purely ash-treated grain treatment against wireworms and a soil-injected one. Our results confirmed that some biopesticides can exert unexpected effect on non-target arthropods. However, the examined biopesticides were as empirically effected against the target arthropods regarding wireworms. Nevertheless, the application exempt from ash of the examined bioinoculants Natur Nova containing B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were not suitable for the elimination of the stored product pests modelled by S. granarius. In contrast, the putative plant protection effect of these biopesticides was observed in the course of applying the agents in the recommended environment and pest species as well as when applying them with ash carrier.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Some Soil Fungi to the Content of Deep Cycle Battery and Their Bioremediation Potential

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
S. I. Douglas ◽  
C. U. Wellington ◽  
T. G. Sokari
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
State University ◽  
Candida Sp ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

Aims: The purpose of this study was to isolate and screen soil fungi that are able to tolerate the contents of spent deep cycle battery (inverter), and to test for their bioremediation potential. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Microbiology, Rivers State University, between June 2019 and February 2020. Methodology: Soil samples were collected from a mechanic village while spent inverter batteries were obtained from a waste vendor. The battery was forced open to extract its contents of the battery. Using standard microbiological techniques, fungi were enumerated and characterized. Stock solution of the battery content was prepared by dissolving the inverter battery content in sterile deionized water. This stock solution was used to carry out the screening test on the fungal isolates to ascertain the fungi that can tolerate the contents of the spent battery. Results: Total heterotrophic fungal counts for the polluted and unpolluted soil were 6.0 x 103 cfu/g and 7.5 x 104cfu/g respectively. The fungal isolates identified from the polluted soil samples were members of the genera Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Candida, while, the isolates identified from the unpolluted soil sample includes: Candida sp, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp, Yeast, Fusarium sp and Aspergillus sp. After the screening, total heterotrophic fungal counts for the soil ranged from 1.0 x 102cfu/g to 9.5 x 102cfu/g. Two fungi of the genera: Rhizopus and Mucor had the highest counts during 72 hours of incubation for the screening test. The results obtained from this study indicated that species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Candida were the most inhibited by the contents of the spent battery while Rhizopus and Mucor spp were more tolerant to the contents of the inverter. Rhizopus and Mucor spp were therefore, adopted in the bioremediation of soil contaminated with contents from the battery. It was observed that Rhizopus and Mucor spp in a consortium had the highest percentage of heavy metal removal (or uptake) in the following order: Cadmium (66.66%) > Lead (38.15%) > Zinc (26.83%) > Nickel (20.83). Conclusion: These organisms can be used in the bioremediation of soil polluted with metals from spent deep cycle batteries.

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