Effects of Basketball Shoe Midsole Hardness on Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Perception during Drop Jumping from Different Heights

This study investigated how midsole hardness of basketball footwear affects lower extremity biomechanics and impacts perception in drop vertical jumps. Eighteen male basketball players performed drop vertical jumps from three heights (31 cm, 46 cm, 61 cm) in basketball shoes of different midsole hardness (50, 60 Asker C). Biomechanical variables of the lower extremity and subjective perception were measured. This study found a significant drop height effect on the lower extremity biomechanics (p < 0.05), with greater ground reaction forces, joint kinetics, and prelanding muscle activation levels observed at higher drop heights. Basketball shoes with a softer midsole led to higher forefoot peak force (p = 0.028) amid lower rearfoot peak force (p = 0.046), lower peak flexion moments at the ankle (p = 0.024) and hip joints (p = 0.029), and greater prelanding muscle activation in the rectus femoris (p = 0.042) and tibialis anterior (p = 0.043). It is concluded that changing midsole hardness within a commercially relevant range triggered a different prelanding muscle activation strategy and hence altered the magnitudes of ground reaction forces and joint loadings during landing. Subjectively, participants perceived higher landing impacts with greater drop heights, though the strength of the associations were weak.

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Relationship of Fatigued Run and Rapid Stop to Ground Reaction Forces, Lower Extremity Kinematics, and Muscle Activation

Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy ◽

10.2519/jospt.1994.20.3.132 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 132-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

John A. Nyland ◽

Robert Shapiro ◽

Rebecca L. Stine ◽

Terry S. Horn ◽

Mary Lloyd Ireland

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Relationship Of

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Machine Learning-Based Estimation of Ground Reaction Forces and Knee Joint Kinetics from Inertial Sensors While Performing a Vertical Drop Jump

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21227709 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (22) ◽

pp. 7709

Author(s):

Serena Cerfoglio ◽

Manuela Galli ◽

Marco Tarabini ◽

Filippo Bertozzi ◽

Chiarella Sforza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Machine Learning ◽

Knee Joint ◽

Field Analysis ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Drop Jump ◽

Joint Moments ◽

Data Set ◽

Joint Kinetics ◽

Reaction Forces

Nowadays, the use of wearable inertial-based systems together with machine learning methods opens new pathways to assess athletes’ performance. In this paper, we developed a neural network-based approach for the estimation of the Ground Reaction Forces (GRFs) and the three-dimensional knee joint moments during the first landing phase of the Vertical Drop Jump. Data were simultaneously recorded from three commercial inertial units and an optoelectronic system during the execution of 112 jumps performed by 11 healthy participants. Data were processed and sorted to obtain a time-matched dataset, and a non-linear autoregressive with external input neural network was implemented in Matlab. The network was trained through a train-test split technique, and performance was evaluated in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The network was able to estimate the time course of GRFs and joint moments with a mean RMSE of 0.02 N/kg and 0.04 N·m/kg, respectively. Despite the comparatively restricted data set and slight boundary errors, the results supported the use of the developed method to estimate joint kinetics, opening a new perspective for the development of an in-field analysis method.

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Partitioning ground reaction forces for multi-segment foot joint kinetics

Gait & Posture ◽

10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.03.001 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 111-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Dustin A. Bruening ◽

Kota Z. Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Joint Kinetics ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Foot Joint

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Effects of arch-support orthoses on ground reaction forces and lower extremity kinematics related to running at various inclinations

Journal of Sports Sciences ◽

10.1080/02640414.2020.1754704 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (14) ◽

pp. 1629-1634

Author(s):

Wing-Kai Lam ◽

Lok-Yee Pak ◽

Charis King-Wai Wong ◽

Mohammad Farhan Tan ◽

Sang-Kyoon Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Arch Support

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Characteristics of Autocorrelation Structure of Lower Extremity Functional Laterality in Disturbed and Undisturbed Bipedal Upright Stance

Human Movement ◽

10.1515/humo-2016-0031 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Jacek Stodółka ◽

Weronika Stodółka ◽

Jarosław Gambal ◽

Tom Raunig

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Autocorrelation Function ◽

Human Mobility ◽

Time Frame ◽

Standing Position ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Upright Stance ◽

Functional Laterality ◽

Eyes Open ◽

Reaction Forces

AbstractPurpose. It is posited that functional laterality is influenced by the generation and conduction of neural signals and therefore associated with sensorimotor control. The question arises if symmetry or asymmetry in sensorimotor processing affects the development of symmetric or asymmetric motor programs in the lower extremities. The purpose of the study was to examine the mechanisms of the human mobility moto-control - the process of maintaining body balance in a standing position through an appropriate course of distribution of ground reaction forces in a time frame, in a situation requiring lower extremity movement symmetry. Methods. The autocorrelation function was calculated for ground reaction forces (in the three orthogonal axes) registered during 45 s of bipedal upright stance in two conditions (eyes open and closed). Results. Minor albeit significant deficiencies in postural muscle control were revealed as a function of time, as evidenced in the decay of the autocorrelation function to zero (T

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Acute Effects of Midsole Bending Stiffness on Lower Extremity Biomechanics during Layup Jumps

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10010397 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 397

Author(s):

Zhiqiang Zhu ◽

Weijie Fu ◽

En Shao ◽

Lu Li ◽

Linjie Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Ankle Joint ◽

Jump Height ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Kinetic Chain ◽

Joint Power ◽

Joint Biomechanics ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Lower Extremity Biomechanics ◽

And Control

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the acute effects of shoe midsole stiffness on the joint biomechanics of the lower extremities during specific basketball movements. Methods: Thirty participants wearing stiff midsole shoes (SS) and control shoes (CS) performed layup jumps (LJs) while the kinematics and ground reaction forces were simultaneously collected via the Vicon motion capture system and Kistler force plates. Furthermore, the joint angles, range of motion (ROM), joint power, joint energy, and jump height were calculated. Results: No significant differences were observed between SS and CS conditions for both jump height and the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint biomechanics except that the minimum angular velocity of the MTP joint was significantly lower in SS the condition. However, the ROM in the ankle joint was significantly greater in the SS condition than in the CS condition (p < 0.05). Additionally, the maximum plantarflexion power, energy absorption (EA), and energy generation (EG) in the ankle joint were significantly greater in the SS condition than in the CS condition (p < 0.05). Compared with the CS condition, jump height in the SS condition did not increase. Conclusion: During a single LJ, the longitudinal midsole stiffness did not influence the jump height and MTP joint biomechanical patterns but significantly increased the maximum power, EA, and EG during the push-off phase of the ankle joint. These preliminary results indicate that wearing SS could change the ankle joint mechanical patterns by modulating the lower extremity kinetic chain, and may enhance muscle strength in the ankle.

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Surface effects on ground reaction forces and lower extremity kinematics in running

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-200011000-00016 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 32 (11) ◽

pp. 1919-1926 ◽

Cited By ~ 125

Author(s):

SHARON J. DIXON ◽

ANDREW C. COLLOP ◽

MARK E. BATT

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Surface Effects ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Reaction Forces

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Effects of Various Midsole Densities of Basketball Shoes on Impact Attenuation during Landing Activities

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.21.1.3 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 3-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Songning Zhang ◽

Kurt Clowers ◽

Charles Kohstall ◽

Yeon-Joo Yu

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Impact Force ◽

Shock Attenuation ◽

Kinematic Data ◽

Repeated Measures Analysis ◽

Impact Attenuation ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Lower Extremity Biomechanics ◽

Evidence Of Impact

The purpose of this study was to examine effects of shoe midsole densities and mechanical demands (landing heights) on impact shock attenuation and lower extremity biomechanics during a landing activity. Nine healthy male college athletes performed 5 trials of step-off landing in each of 9 test conditions, i.e., a combination of landings in shoes of 3 midsole densities (soft, normal, hard) from each of 3 landing potential energy (PE) levels (low, median, high). Ground reaction forces (GRF), accelerations (ACC) of the tibia and forehead, and sagittal kinematic data were sampled simultaneously. A 3 × 3 two-way (surface × height) repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on selected kinematic, ACC, and GRF variables; a 3 × 3 × 3 three-way (surface × height × joint) ANOVA was performed on variables related to eccentric muscular work. The GRF results showed that the forefoot peak GRF in the normal and hard midsoles was significantly greater than the soft midsole at the low and median PEs. Rearfoot peak GRF was significantly greater for the hard midsole than for the soft and normal midsoles at the median and high PEs, respectively. The peak head and tibia peak ACC were also attenuated in similar fashion. Kinematic variables did not vary significantly across different midsoles, nor did energy absorbed through lower extremity extensors in response to the increased shoe stiffness. Knee joint extensors were shown to be dominant in attenuating the forefoot impact force across the landing heights. The results showed limited evidence of impact-attenuating benefits of the soft midsole in the basketball shoes.

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