scholarly journals Operational USLE-Based Modelling of Soil Erosion in Czech Republic, Austria, and Bavaria—Differences in Model Adaptation, Parametrization, and Data Availability

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3647
Author(s):  
Peter Fiener ◽  
Tomáš Dostál ◽  
Josef Krása ◽  
Elmar Schmaltz ◽  
Peter Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Implementation Techniques ◽  
Consistent Method

In the European Union, soil erosion is identified as one of the main environmental threats, addressed with a variety of rules and regulations for soil and water conservation. The by far most often officially used tool to determine soil erosion is the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and its regional adaptions. The aim of this study is to use three different regional USLE-based approaches in three different test catchments in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Austria to determine differences in model results and compare these with the revised USLE-base European soil erosion map. The different regional model adaptations and implementation techniques result in substantial differences in test catchment specific mean erosion (up to 75% difference). Much more pronounced differences were modelled for individual fields. The comparison of the region-specific USLE approaches with the revised USLE-base European erosion map underlines the problems and limitations of harmonization procedures. The EU map limits the range of modelled erosion and overall shows a substantially lower mean erosion compared to all region-specific approaches. In general, the results indicate that even if many EU countries use USLE technology as basis for soil conservation planning, a truly consistent method does not exist, and more efforts are needed to homogenize the different methods without losing the USLE-specific knowledge developed in the different regions over the last decades.

Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Onderco
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Joint Procurement ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
The Cold War

This chapter focuses on defence transformations in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary since the end of the cold war. The three lesser powers of Central Europe all eventually joined NATO and the European Union, following the fall of the Iron Curtain. The process they underwent completely transformed their security strategies and military doctrines, but the plans to transform their military forces have developed slowly, and the actual process has been interrupted and incomplete. This chapter addresses the development of civil–military relations, the main milestones in the development of the respective states’ national security policies, and the main changes in the structure of military forces in each of these countries. Finally, the chapter looks at the nascent trends towards military cooperation between the three countries, including military sharing and joint procurement.

scholarly journals Methods for Estimating Avoidable Costs of Excessive Alcohol Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4964
Author(s):  
Beata Gavurova ◽  
Miriama Tarhanicova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Cost Of Disease ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
The Cost

Background: Alcohol is a risk factor with serious consequences for society and individuals. This study aims to present methods and approaches that might be used to estimate the costs related to excessive alcohol consumption. It emphasizes the need for general methods and approaches that are easily applicable, because the level of digitalization and data availability vary across regions. The lack of data makes many methods inapplicable and useless. The ease of applicability will help to make cost-of-illness studies and their results comparable globally. Methods: This study is based on data from the Czech Republic in 2017. Drinking alcohol results in costs of healthcare, social care, law enforcement, and administrative costs of public authorities. To quantify the cost of drinking in the Czech Republic, the top-down approach, bottom-up approach, human capital approach and attributable fractions were used. Results: In 2017, the cost related to alcohol was estimated at 0.66% of the national GDP. Lost productivity represented 54.45% of total cost related to alcohol. All cost related to alcohol is considered to be avoidable. Conclusions: The methods and approaches applied to estimate the cost of disease or any other health issue should be generalized regarding the availability of data and specifics of provided services to people who are addicted or have any kind of disability.

scholarly journals The Fiscal Compact and the European Constitutions: ‘Europe Speaking German’

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
LB ◽  
JHR
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Monetary Union ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Fiscal Compact

In between the writing of this editorial and the publication of this issue of EuConst, the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union, in everyday parlance the ‘Fiscal Compact’, will have been signed by the representatives of the governments of the contracting parties — the member states of the European Union minus the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic. The Fiscal Compact is intended to foster budgetary discipline, to strengthen the coordination of economic policies and to improve the governance of the euro area.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SELF-SUFFICIENCY LEVEL OF SELECTED COUNTRIES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE IN POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol XXIII (4) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kubala ◽  
Marcin Stanuch
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The Self ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Self Sufficiency

One of the key markets of the European Union is the poultry meat market. The situation on this market is of significant importance to both producers and consumers. The main aim of the article is to study the level of self-sufficiency of selected countries in Central and Eastern Europe in the production of poultry meat. Eleven countries were selected as the research area: Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Hungary. In the conducted research, simplified indices of self-sufficiency were used: the balance of foreign trade in terms of volume and value, average annual consumption per capita and production volume in relation to consumption. The study was conducted for the years 2009-2018. The statistical sources used come from FAOSTAT and International Trade Centre databases. Research has shown that the analyzed countries are characterized by a significant diversification of the self-sufficiency level of poultry meat production. Only 6 analyzed countries can meet the domestic consumption demand from their own production, the remaining countries supplement the deficit from imported goods. The highest level of self-sufficiency of poultry meat production was observed in Poland, Slovenia, Lithuania and Hungary. On the other hand, the lowest level is found in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Slovakia and Latvia.

scholarly journals The economic conditions for the utilisation of the land fund in the Czech Republic after its accession to the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 452-454
Author(s):  
M. Hrabánková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Benefit

The important part of the increase of regional potential is the farming of the land fund. The economic conditions for its utilisation have been already prepared. They are based especially on the drawing of funds of the European Union, namely for the period after the accession of the Czech Republic to the European Union and for the years 2007–2013. The measures concerning the land are included in the prepared programme documentation, especially in the Horizontal Rural Development Plan (HRDP) and in the Operational Programme “Agriculture”. The farmers will obtain the direct payment per area (SAPS) in addition to supports on foregoing measures. The requirements for environment-friendly farming of land will be increased in the future. The economic conditions for next period will concentrate on these priorities. It will concern the securing of public benefit contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas. The project assurance of these trends and their regional monitoring and evaluation will be important.

scholarly journals Entry Into the Common Market of the European Union in Terms of Czech Republic’s Foreign Trade with Dairy Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Zdráhal ◽  
Věra Bečvářová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Milk Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the development of the Czech foreign trade in milk and milk products and specify the typical features and consequences within its territorial and commodity structure using a specific system of indicators intended to show a relevant image on the topic. The analysis covers the period between 1999 and 2015 and are interpreted in the context of changes of the business environment that have occurred in the last two decades, particularly in relation to the Czech Republic’s entry into the European Union. Throughout the studied period, the Czech Republic revealed a positive balance of trade in milk and dairy products, as well as favourable values of TC index (value of coverage of import by export). The dynamics of the territorial structure of export and import is embodied in the overall trade dynamics between the Czech Republic and countries of EU-28. The Czech Republic’s entry into the EU common market, however, led to a change in the trading milk product structure. As a negative is regarded the fact that the structure of Czech export to the EU countries has changed and that is mainly concentrated on basic raw milk or dairy products of the first phase of processing with relatively low added value.

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