scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance and Radiation Dose of the EOS System to Image Enchondromatosis: A Phantom Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8941
Author(s):  
Domenico Albano ◽  
Alessandro Loria ◽  
Cristiana Fanciullo ◽  
Alberto Bruno ◽  
Carmelo Messina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Repeatability Coefficient ◽  
Anthropomorphic Phantom ◽  
Interobserver Reproducibility ◽  
Radiology Resident ◽  
Plastic Foil

Background: Radiation doses and capability of EOS, conventional radiography (CR), and computed tomography (CT) to detect and measure enchondromas in a dedicated five-year-old anthropomorphic phantom were compared. Methods: To simulate enchondromas, minced pieces of chicken bone and cartilage were packed in conventional kitchen plastic foil to create ovoidal/rounded masses and randomly hung on the phantom. The phantom was imaged five times with CR, CT, and EOS, each time changing the number and position of inserts. All images were reviewed by a senior radiologist and a radiology resident. Results: EOS and CR detected all inserts in 4/5 cases (80%), while in one case 1/17 inserts was not seen. Excellent agreement of EOS with CR (88% reproducibility; bias = 14 mm; repeatability coefficient (CoR) 2.9; 95% CI from −2.8 to 3.1 mm; p = 0.5) and CT (81% reproducibility; bias = 15 mm; CoR 5.2; 95% CI from −5.5 to 5.2 mm; p = 0.7) was found. EOS showed 71% interobserver reproducibility (CoR 7.2; bias = 0.6 mm; 95% CI from −6.6 to 7.8 mm; p = 0.25). The EOS-Fast radiation dose was also significantly lower than the median radiation dose of CR (644.7 (599.4–651.97) mGy•cm2, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Low-dose EOS has the same capability as CR to detect and measure enchondroma-like inserts on a phantom and may be considered to monitor patients with multiple enchondromas.

scholarly journals Low-Dose Computed Tomography for the Optimization of Radiation Dose Exposure in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Kavanagh ◽  
John O’Grady ◽  
Brian W. Carey ◽  
Patrick D. McLaughlin ◽  
Siobhan B. O’Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Radiation Dose Exposure ◽  
Ct Technology

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the mainstay method for the radiological imaging of the small bowel in patients with inflammatory bowel disease without the use of ionizing radiation. There are circumstances where imaging using ionizing radiation is required, particularly in the acute setting. This usually takes the form of computed tomography (CT). There has been a significant increase in the utilization of computed tomography (CT) for patients with Crohn’s disease as patients are frequently diagnosed at a relatively young age and require repeated imaging. Between seven and eleven percent of patients with IBD are exposed to high cumulative effective radiation doses (CEDs) (>35–75 mSv), mostly patients with Crohn’s disease (Newnham E 2007, Levi Z 2009, Hou JK 2014, Estay C 2015). This is primarily due to the more widespread and repeated use of CT, which accounts for 77% of radiation dose exposure amongst patients with Crohn’s disease (Desmond et al., 2008). Reports of the projected cancer risks from the increasing CT use (Berrington et al., 2007) have led to increased patient awareness regarding the potential health risks from ionizing radiation (Coakley et al., 2011). Our responsibilities as physicians caring for these patients include education regarding radiation risk and, when an investigation that utilizes ionizing radiation is required, to keep radiation doses as low as reasonably achievable: the “ALARA” principle. Recent advances in CT technology have facilitated substantial radiation dose reductions in many clinical settings, and several studies have demonstrated significantly decreased radiation doses in Crohn’s disease patients while maintaining diagnostic image quality. However, there is a balance to be struck between reducing radiation exposure and maintaining satisfactory image quality; if radiation dose is reduced excessively, the resulting CT images can be of poor quality and may be nondiagnostic. In this paper, we summarize the available evidence related to imaging of Crohn’s disease, radiation exposure, and risk, and we report recent advances in low-dose CT technology that have particular relevance.

scholarly journals Bismuth Pelvic X-Ray Shielding Reduces Radiation Dose Exposure in Pediatric Radiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bow Wang ◽  
Chien-Yi Ting ◽  
Cheng-Shih Lai ◽  
Yi-Shan Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Dose Exposure ◽  
Bismuth Shielding ◽  
Pediatric Radiography ◽  
Pelvic Radiography ◽  
Radiosensitive Organs ◽  
Pediatric Orthopedic

Background. Radiation using conventional X-ray is associated with exposure of radiosensitive organs and typically requires the use of protection. This study is aimed at evaluating the use of bismuth shielding for radiation protection in pediatric pelvic radiography. The effects of the anteroposterior and lateral bismuth shielding were verified by direct measurements at the anatomical position of the gonads. Methods. Radiation doses were measured using optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLD) and CIRS ATOM Dosimetry Verification Phantoms. Gonad radiographs were acquired using different shields of varying material (lead, bismuth) and thickness and were compared with radiographs obtained without shielding to examine the effects on image quality and optimal reduction of radiation dose. All images were evaluated separately by three pediatric orthopedic practitioners. Results. Results showed that conventional lead gonadal shielding reduces radiation doses by 67.45%, whereas dose reduction using one layer of bismuth shielding is 76.38%. The use of two layers of bismuth shielding reduces the dose by 84.01%. Using three and four layers of bismuth shielding reduces dose by 97.33% and 99.34%, respectively. Progressively lower radiation doses can be achieved by increasing the number of bismuth layers. Images obtained using both one and two layers of bismuth shielding provided adequate diagnostic information, but those obtained using three or four layers of bismuth shielding were inadequate for diagnosis. Conclusions. Bismuth shielding reduces radiation dose exposure providing appropriate protection for children undergoing pelvic radiography. The bismuth shielding material is lighter than lead, making pediatric patients more comfortable and less apt to move, thereby avoiding repeat radiography.

scholarly journals Ultra-low radiation dose protocol for CT-guided intrathecal nusinersen injections for patients with spinal muscular atrophy and severe scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Rosiak ◽  
Anna Lusakowska ◽  
Krzysztof Milczarek ◽  
Dariusz Konecki ◽  
Anna Fraczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Low Radiation Dose ◽  
Severe Scoliosis

Abstract Purpose Intrathecal injection of nusinersen is an approved treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). CT-guided injection is a method of nusinersen administration in patients with severe scoliosis, in whom standard lumbar puncture is not feasible. The injections are repeated every 4 months for life, and accumulated radiation doses absorbed by the patient can increase the risk of cancer. In this study, we present the results of CT-guided intrathecal nusinersen injections with an ultra-low radiation dose protocol. Methods Eighteen patients (15 adults and three children) in whom standard lumbar puncture was not feasible due to severe scoliosis or spinal stabilization were included in this retrospective study. The first 23 injections were performed with a standard radiation dose protocol and the next 42 injections with an ultra-low-dose protocol. The radiation doses, measured as total dose length product (DLP), were acquired and compared between the protocols. Results Injections were successful in 100% of patients with both ultra-low-dose and standard protocols. The radiation dose, measured as DLP, was 111.2–1100.7 (Me = 248.1) mGy*cm for the standard protocol. For the ultra-low-dose protocol, the dose range was 5.0–54.4 (Me = 26.7) mGy*cm, which was significantly lower than with the standard protocol (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.67). Conclusion Radiation doses can be significantly decreased in the CT-guided injection of nusinersen. The proposed protocol allows for effective CT-guided intrathecal nusinersen administration in patients with SMA and severe scoliosis.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study of Personalized Head CT Scan in Pediatric Patients

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582098566
Author(s):  
Bian Bingyang ◽  
Wang Gang ◽  
Shao Zhiqing ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
BoXu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Head Ct ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Organ Specific

Objectives: In the present study, we introduced a practical approach to quantify organ-specific radiation doses and investigated whether low-dose head circumference (HC)-based protocols for non-enhanced head computed tomography (CT) could reduce organs-specific radiation dose in pediatric patients while maintaining high image quality. Methods: A total of 83 pediatric patients were prospectively recruited. Without limits to the HC, 15 patients were selected as a convention group (CON group) and underwent non-enhanced head CT scan with standard-dose protocols (tube current-time products of 250mAs). Low-dose group (LD group), including remaining 68 pediatrics were divided into 3 subgroups based on the HC: 54.1-57.0 cm for LD200mAs group (HC-based protocols of 200mAs), 51.1-54.0 cm for LD150mAs group (HC-based protocols of 150mAs), 48.1-51.0 cm for LD100mAs group (HC-based protocols of 100mAs). Subjective and objective image quality was evaluated and measured by 2 experienced radiologists. Radimetrics was used to calculate organs-specific radiation dose, including the brain, eye lenses, and salivary glands. Results: In CON250mAs group, radiation doses in the brain and salivary glands were conversely correlated with HC, and pediatric patients with smaller HC received higher organs-specific radiation dose. Reducing tube current-time product from 250 to 100mAs could significantly reduce the organ-specific radiation dose. The subjective image quality score ≥ 3.0 is acceptable for diagnosis purposes. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast to noise ratio (CNR) of bilateral thalamus and centrum semiovale in 3 LD subgroups were not statistically different compared with the CON group. Conclusion: Our research indicated that low-dose HC-based protocols of non-enhanced head CT scan can evidently reduce the organ-specific radiation doses, while maintaining high image quality. HC can serve as a vital tool to guide personalized low-dose head CT scan for pediatric patients.

scholarly journals The influence of model iterative reconstruction on image quality in standard and low-dose computer tomography of the chest. experimental study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Антон Yu. Silin ◽  
Ivan S. Gruzdev ◽  
Sergey P. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Iterative Reconstruction ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Anthropomorphic Phantom ◽  
Pulmonary Lesions ◽  
Calibration Phantom

Background: One of the ways to reduce the radiation dose in CT is to improve image reconstruction algorithms. The latest offer from scanner manufacturers is Model Iterative Reconstruction (MIR). Aims: To compare the quality of visualization of the structures of the organs of the chest and to prove the effectiveness of the low-dose protocol with iterative model reconstruction. Materials and methods: A calibration phantom with a spatial resolution module and an anthropomorphic phantom of the upper body of an adult with nodules in the lungs was scanned on two CT scanners of different manufacturers using the standard dose protocol (SDCT) with algorithms of hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) of images and MIR and low-dose protocol (LDCT) and MIR algorithm. The quality of the obtained images was evaluated by the parameters: noise (SD), the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), spatial resolution and visualization of pulmonary nodules. The radiation dose was calculated according to the scanner data, the data of individual dosimeters placed on the anthropomorphic phantom, and using a dosimetric phantom. Results: The average SD was 11.5; 24.4 and 21.6; CNR 85.47; 40.6 and 45.6; spatial resolution 2 mm; 2 mm and 3 mm for SDCT with MIR, SDCT with HIR and LDCT with MIR, respectively. Visualization of pulmonary lesions remained excellent in all cases. The radiation dose in case of SDCT was 2.7, and in case of LDCT - 0.67 mSv. The dose reduction was confirmed by dosimeter data. Similar results were obtained by repeating the experiment on a second scanner. Conclusions: The average SD was 11.5; 24.4 and 21.6; CNR 85.47; 40.6 and 45.6; spatial resolution 2 mm; 2 mm and 3 mm for SDCT with MIR, SDCT with HIR and LDCT with MIR, respectively. Visualization of pulmonary lesions remained excellent in all cases. The radiation dose in case of SDCT was 2.7, and in case of LDCT - 0.67 mSv. The dose reduction was confirmed by dosimeter data. Similar results were obtained by repeating the experiment on a second scanner.

scholarly journals Determination of topographical radiation dose profiles using gel nanosensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. eaaw8704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik Pushpavanam ◽  
Sahil Inamdar ◽  
Subhadeep Dutta ◽  
Tomasz Bista ◽  
Thaddeus Sokolowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Colorimetric Detection ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Anthropomorphic Phantom ◽  
Visual Change ◽  
Dose Mapping ◽  
Clinical Radiotherapy

Despite the emergence of sophisticated technologies in treatment planning and administration, routine determination of delivered radiation doses remains a challenge due to limitations associated with conventional dosimeters. Here, we describe a gel-based nanosensor for the colorimetric detection and quantification of topographical radiation dose profiles in radiotherapy. Exposure to ionizing radiation results in the conversion of gold ions in the gel to gold nanoparticles, which render a visual change in color in the gel due to their plasmonic properties. The intensity of color formed in the gel was used as a quantitative reporter of ionizing radiation. The gel nanosensor was used to detect complex topographical dose patterns including those administered to an anthropomorphic phantom and live canine patients undergoing clinical radiotherapy. The ease of fabrication, operation, rapid readout, colorimetric detection, and relatively low cost illustrate the translational potential of this technology for topographical dose mapping in radiotherapy applications in the clinic.

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a neonate characterised by low-dose, high-pitch cardiac CT

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Deshmukh ◽  
W. Reid Thompson ◽  
Stefan L. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Dual Source ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

AbstractWe describe the use of low-dose dual-source cardiac for the evaluation of a neonate with suspected total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. This novel technique obviates the need for sedation or breathholding. Radiation dose-reduction strategies result in sub-mSv-estimated effective doses, substantially lower than annual background radiation dose. Low-dose, high-pitch cardiac CT should be considered as an alternative to MRI or diagnostic cardiac catheterisation in neonates with complex CHD, requiring definitive anatomic evaluation.

Image quality of EOS low-dose radiography in comparison with conventional radiography for assessment of ventriculoperitoneal shunt integrity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Karen Monuszko ◽  
Michael Malinzak ◽  
Lexie Zidanyue Yang ◽  
Donna Niedzwiecki ◽  
Herbert Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Shunt Tubing

OBJECTIVEPatients with shunted hydrocephalus often accumulate high levels of radiation over their lifetimes during evaluation of hardware integrity. Current practice involves the use of a series of conventional radiographs for this purpose. Newer low-dose EOS radiography is currently used to evaluate scoliosis but has not been explored to evaluate shunt integrity on a large scale. The goal of this study was to compare the quality of imaging using EOS low-dose radiography to conventional radiography to evaluate shunt tubing.METHODSA retrospective chart review was performed on 57 patients who previously had both conventional radiographs and low-dose EOS images of their cerebral shunt tubing from 2000 to 2018. Patient demographics (age, sex, type of shunt tubing, primary diagnosis) were collected. Conventional radiographic images and low-dose EOS images were independently analyzed by a neurosurgeon and neuroradiologist in three categories: image quality, delineation of shunt, and distinction of shunt compared to adjacent anatomy.RESULTSAll patients had shunted hydrocephalus due to spina bifida and Chiari type II malformation. Ratings of EOS and conventional radiographic images by both raters did not differ significantly in terms of image quality (rater 1, p = 0.499; rater 2, p = 0.578) or delineation of shunt (p = 0.107 and p = 0.256). Conventional radiographic images received significantly higher ratings than EOS on the ability to distinguish the shunt versus adjacent anatomy by rater 1 (p = 0.039), but not by rater 2 (p = 0.149). The overall score of the three categories combined was not significantly different between EOS and conventional radiography (rater 1, p = 0.818; rater 2, p = 0.186). In terms of cost, an EOS image was less costly than a conventional radiography shunt series ($236–$366 and $1300–$1547, respectively). The radiation dose was also lower for EOS images, with an effective dose of 0.086–0.140 mSv compared to approximately 1.6 mSv for a similar field of view with conventional radiography.CONCLUSIONSThe image quality of low-dose EOS radiography does not significantly differ from conventional radiography for the evaluation of cerebral shunts. In addition, EOS affords a much lower radiation dose and a lower cost.

Radiation exposure in patients (pts) with newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) within first year (yr) from diagnostic procedures (DP).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 123-123
Author(s):  
Lubna Chaudhary ◽  
Sarah Knapp ◽  
Samuel Hester ◽  
Sijin Wen ◽  
Jie Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Lobular Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Increased Risk

123 Background: Radiation exposure is associated with an increased risk of secondary cancers. Few studies have examined radiation exposure from DP in BC. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the cumulative radiation doses (millisievert [mSv]) of routine DP done in 305 pts during the 1st yr following BC diagnosis between Jan 2008-Oct 2010. Data regarding the frequency of DP including mammograms, sentinel lymph node biopsies, X-rays, computed tomographic (CT) and/or positron emission tomographic (PET) scans, MUGA scans and bone scans were collected. Mean radiation doses of DP were obtained from Departments of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation at our institution. Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc pairwise comparisons were used to assess the influence of various factors including age, histology, ER/PR (Estrogen/Progesterone) status and stage on the amount of radiation exposure. Results: Mean radiation exposure relative to various factors is shown in the Table. Pts < 40yrs had a significantly higher radiation dose as compared to pts > 60yrs (35.9mSv vs. 19.2mSv; p = 0.009). Pts with DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ) had a significantly less radiation exposure as compared to IDC (infiltrating ductal carcinoma) and ILC (invasive lobular carcinoma) (8.5mSv vs. 26.7mSv and 22.4mSv respectively; p< 0.0001). Stage ≥ IIB disease was associated with a significantly higher radiation exposure (p< 0.0001). Stage ≥ IIIA was the only factor associated with a higher radiation dose from PET/CTs (p< 0.0001). Conclusions: Radiation exposure from DP is significant in the 1st yr of BC diagnosis, especially for younger and advanced stage pts. Risk is small but relevant, especially in younger pts. [Table: see text]

The Employment of 197Hg EDTA in Kidney Scanning

1965 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
I. Pál ◽  
J. Földes ◽  
I. Krasznai
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Intravenous Pyelography ◽  
Edta Complex

SummaryThe authors investigated the use of 197Hg EDTA complex for kidney scanning. They describe the physical, biological and toxicological properties of the compound; its distribution within the organism, its excretion with urine and faeces and its uptake by the kidneys. The authors have established that the renal cortex selectively secretes the material which makes it suitable for kidney scanning. Some scintigrams of both normal and pathologic kidneys are presented.Finally a detailed discussion of the dosimetry is included. The radiation doses due to 197Hg EDTA are compared with those due to 203Hg-neohydrin and to intravenous pyelography. This comparison shows clearly that the use of 197Hg EDTA considerably decreases the radiation dose to the patient.

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