scholarly journals New Tillage System with Additional Renovation of Soil Properties in Tramlines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2795
Author(s):  
Vidas Damanauskas ◽  
Danutė Jablonskytė-Raščė
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Aggregate Fraction ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil

Fertilizing and spraying techniques are repeatedly driven in tramlines for crop care with products whose demand increases for higher yields. The soil in tramlines is so compacted by heavy crop care machinery what leads breakdown to lifelessness. Such damaged state of the soil continues all season and leads to dejected soil productivity. The aim of this study is to find an optimal process of soil renovation in tramlines on loam and clay loam soil and to determine the required fuel consumption. The soil renovation was investigated by specially made Tiller on the dependence of tine shape types (narrow and winged) and working speed 1.6, 2.2 and 3.6 m∙s−1 in loam and clay loam soil. The beneficial relationships of soil aggregate fraction ratio, which varied from 0.54 to 4.08 and fuel consumption, which varied from 1.04 to 1.82 L·km−1 independence on tine shape and soil type was established. Based on research results, the sufficient soil loosening to suitable proportion of soil aggregates fraction ratio on loam soil was accomplished at working speed 3.6 m∙s−1 with winged tine type and fuel consumption was 1.04 L·km−1. The suitable soil aggregate fraction ratio on clay loam was achieved at working speed 3.6 m∙s−1 with narrow tine shape type and fuel consumption was 1.31 L·km−1. The volume of loosed soil in tramlines was particularly influenced by variation of tines shapes but was not influenced by the working speed majorly. The aligning of soil surface was influenced by the working speed majorly and particularly by variation of tines shapes.

Rapid Inactivation of Glyphosate in the Soil

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Sprankle ◽  
W. F. Meggitt ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Acid Moiety ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Sandy Clay Loam ◽  
Rapid Inactivation ◽  
Muck Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

In greenhouse studies, soil applications of 14C-methyl-labeled glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] were not readily absorbed by corn (Zea mays L. ‘Michigan 400’) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hark’]. However, glyphosate available to plants in sand culture was absorbed. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Avon’) a sensitive bioassay plant, was used to detect the herbicide. Clay loam and muck soil rapidly inactivated 56 kg/ha of glyphosate. Autoclaving of the soil did not prevent the inactivation of glyphosate. In a sandy clay loam soil, application of 56 kg/ha of glyphosate decreased plant growth with increasing pH. Additions of 98 or 196 kg/ha of phosphate to the soil surface decreased glyphosate inactivation in the soil. It is postulated that initial inactivation of glyphosate in soil is by reversible adsorption to clay and organic matter through the phosphonic acid moiety.

Factors Affecting Use of Activated Carbon to Improve Herbicide Selectivity

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Burr ◽  
W. O. Lee ◽  
A. P. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Loam Soil

Under greenhouse conditions activated carbon, applied as a slurry at the time of seeding, protected Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorumLam.) seedlings from the toxicity of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron) applied preemergence. Plants growing from seeds planted 1.3 cm deep received less protection from diuron than plants growing from seeds planted 0.6, 1.9, or 2.5 cm deep. Sandy loam soil required at least three times more activated carbon than a clay loam soil to obtain the same protection. Activated carbon applied at 130 kg/ha in a 2.5-cm band on the soil surface directly over the seeds provided adequate protection on a clay loam soil. On a sandy loam soil the 130-kg/ha rate was not adequate. Wetting agents added to aid in carbon wetting reduced the protective effect of activated carbon when added at 0.9 or 2.7% (v/v) but had only a slight effect on protection when added at 0.3% (v/v). The soil moisture level at the time of carbon application and the amount of subsequent irrigation did not influence the protection obtained with activated carbon.

Tillage system influences hydrophobicity but not water repellency of a clay loam soil in southwestern Ontario

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Miller ◽  
M.L. Owen ◽  
X.M. Yang ◽  
C.F. Drury ◽  
W.D. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Repellency ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Water Repellency ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Hydrophobicity ◽  
Moldboard Plow

A 21 yr field study comparing zone tillage (ZT), no-tillage (NT), and moldboard plow tillage (MP) was used to elucidate tillage effects on soil hydrophobicity (SH) and soil water repellency index (RI) in a cool, humid clay loam soil in southwestern Ontario. The SH was 38% (P ≤ 0.05) greater for ZT and NT than MP, and it was similar between crop row (0.34) and crop inter-row (0.37) for ZT. The RI values were not different among tillage systems, or between the crop row versus crop inter-row positions under the three tillage systems.

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF CULTIVATION AND LAND USE ON SOIL QUALITY IN QUEBEC

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.A. MARTEL ◽  
A.F. MACKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

The purpose of this work is to assess the effects of different land-use practices on the quality of agricultural soils in Quebec. Studies done on three dairy farms, using the traditional rotation of 1 yr of cereals and 4 yr of hay, showed that the conversion of forest soils into agricultural soils caused a drop in nitrogen of 8% for a clay loam soil, but 21 and 31% for the sandy and silty loam soils, while the loss of organic matter was near 33% for the three soils. The decrease in water-stable aggregate was 84% on the clay loam soil and 50% on the two lighter soils. Work done on continuous meadows of 5 yr or longer showed significant increases in organic matter content and water-aggregate stability. Conversion from typical dairy-farm rotations to continuous corn and cereal rotations reduced structural stability and soil organic matter, as well as soil productivity, even when nutrient levels were improved by use of fertilizers. Other preliminary data indicate that soil compaction by heavy farm machinery, and drainage of organic soils may further reduce soil quality.

Lateral redistribution of fire-derived carbon: A rainfall simulation experiment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severin-Luca Bellè ◽  
Asmeret Asefaw Berhe ◽  
Frank Hagedorn ◽  
Marcus Schiedung ◽  
Samuel Abiven
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Sandy Silt ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Runoff Sediment

<p>Wildfires are a key component in the global carbon (C) cycle, releasing significant amount of CO<sub>2</sub> to the atmosphere, but also producing one of the most persistent terrestrial organic C forms by the incomplete combustion of natural vegetation, namely fire-derived or pyrogenic carbon (PyC). Post-fire, PyC is deposited on the soil surface, but can then be laterally redistributed by wind or water erosion. Due to the lack of vegetation cover after a fire, primary factors that govern rate of PyC distribution post-fire will be changes in soil surface properties and physical characteristics of PyC. However, the drivers and quantities of transported PyC (and non-fire derived organic matter) by water erosion from its site of production remain largely unknown, which limits our understanding of PyC movement in the landscape.</p><p>In this study, we tracked PyC erosion (and movement in soil) in a controlled experiment using a gravity-type rainfall simulator (at an intensity of 50mmh<sup>-1</sup>). We studied the quantity of PyC eroded from the soil surface (runoff and splash sediment) as well as its vertical movement within the soil (soil cores) for two Swiss temperate forest soils (initial soil moisture of 12-16%). We calculated the distribution of PyC using the isotopic <sup>13</sup>C signature differences of grass-PyC (Miscanthus grass), wood-PyC (spruce wood grown under FACE conditions) and natural forest soil C in soil flume of 0.25m<sup>2</sup>. We studied the combination of the following factors: soil texture (sandy silt and clay loam), slope (10° and 25°), PyC particle size (63µm and 63µm-2mm) and PyC feedstock (grass and wood) to identify the major drivers of PyC redistribution.</p><p>We hypothesize that: i) higher quantities of PyC can be found in the sediment of the sandy silt soil, with higher slopes and with bigger PyC particles, ii) higher quantities of PyC move vertically in the clay loam soil and with smaller PyC particles and iii) PyC is preferentially eroded compared to bulk SOC.</p><p>Results suggest that we find 100 times more runoff sediment on sandy silt soil compared to clay loam soil, and two times more runoff sediment on 25° slope compared to 10°. We also find 1.5 times more splash erosion on sandy silt soil than on the clay loam soil. Regarding PyC erosion, observations suggest that > 50% of initial PyC is eroded on the sandy silt soil, whereas a majority of the PyC particles moves vertically through the soil for the clay loam.</p>

Effect The Treatments of Biofertilizer and Mineral Fertilizer on Content of N P K of Soil Cultivated With Crop Corn (Zea Mays L).

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aajmi Salman ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Fall Season ◽  
Loam Soil

Beneficial microorganisms play a key role in the availability of ions minerals in the soil and use Randomized Complete Block Desing ( R.C.B.D ). The objective of this paper to the study effect of the of biofertilizer and miniral treatments on availability of NPK for crop corn zea mays L.Two types of biofertilizer are Bacterial Bacillus subtilis and Fungal Trichoderma harianum. Three levels of potassium fertilizer are (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533). A field experiment in fall season of 2018 Has been conducted in silty clay loam soil. The experimental Results indicated that Bacillus and Trichoderma inoculation separately or together Have made a significant effect to increase in the availability of N P K in the soil compare to other treatments. The grain yield is where (2.9533, 0.4000 and 2.9533) of bacterial and fungal bio-fertilizer and potassium fertilizers respectively as compared to the control.

Effect of Cow Manure on Dielectric Properties of Clay Loam Soil at Microwave Frequency

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
Asha Buliya ◽  
◽  
K. C. Pancholi K. C. Pancholi ◽  
R. K. Paliwal R. K. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil
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