scholarly journals Identification of Synonyms Using Definition Similarities in Japanese Medical Device Adverse Event Terminology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3659
Author(s):  
Ayako Yagahara ◽  
Masahito Uesugi ◽  
Hideto Yokoi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Levenshtein Distance ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Distributed Representations ◽  
Detection Tool ◽  
Important Concern

Japanese medical device adverse events terminology, published by the Japan Federation of Medical Devices Associations (JFMDA terminology), contains entries for 89 terminology items, with each of the terminology entries created independently. It is necessary to establish and verify the consistency of these terminology entries and map them efficiently and accurately. Therefore, developing an automatic synonym detection tool is an important concern. Such tools for edit distances and distributed representations have achieved good performance in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to identify synonyms in JFMDA terminology and evaluate the accuracy using these algorithms. A total of 125 definition sentence pairs were created from the terminology as baselines. Edit distances (Levenshtein and Jaro–Winkler distance) and distributed representations (Word2vec, fastText, and Doc2vec) were employed for calculating similarities. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out to evaluate the accuracy of synonym detection. A comparison of the accuracies of the algorithms showed that the Jaro–Winkler distance had the highest sensitivity, Doc2vec with DM had the highest specificity, and the Levenshtein distance had the highest value in area under the curve. Edit distances and Doc2vec makes it possible to obtain high accuracy in predicting synonyms in JFMDA terminology.

scholarly journals Investigating the clinico-anatomical dissociation in the behavioral variant of Alzheimer disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen H. Singleton ◽  
Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg ◽  
Carole H. Sudre ◽  
Colin Groot ◽  
Elena Kochova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensity ◽  
Salience Network ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Metabolic Connectivity ◽  
Subcortical Volume

Abstract Background We previously found temporoparietal-predominant atrophy patterns in the behavioral variant of Alzheimer’s disease (bvAD), with relative sparing of frontal regions. Here, we aimed to understand the clinico-anatomical dissociation in bvAD based on alternative neuroimaging markers. Methods We retrospectively included 150 participants, including 29 bvAD, 28 “typical” amnestic-predominant AD (tAD), 28 behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), and 65 cognitively normal participants. Patients with bvAD were compared with other diagnostic groups on glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity measured by [18F]FDG-PET, and on subcortical gray matter and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes measured by MRI. A receiver-operating-characteristic-analysis was performed to determine the neuroimaging measures with highest diagnostic accuracy. Results bvAD and tAD showed predominant temporoparietal hypometabolism compared to controls, and did not differ in direct contrasts. However, overlaying statistical maps from contrasts between patients and controls revealed broader frontoinsular hypometabolism in bvAD than tAD, partially overlapping with bvFTD. bvAD showed greater anterior default mode network (DMN) involvement than tAD, mimicking bvFTD, and reduced connectivity of the posterior cingulate cortex with prefrontal regions. Analyses of WMH and subcortical volume showed closer resemblance of bvAD to tAD than to bvFTD, and larger amygdalar volumes in bvAD than tAD respectively. The top-3 discriminators for bvAD vs. bvFTD were FDG posterior-DMN-ratios (bvAD<bvFTD), MRI posterior-DMN-ratios (bvAD<bvFTD), MRI salience-network-ratios (bvAD>bvFTD, area under the curve [AUC] range 0.85–0.91, all p < 0.001). The top-3 for bvAD vs. tAD were amygdalar volume (bvAD>tAD), MRI anterior-DMN-ratios (bvAD<tAD), FDG anterior-DMN-ratios (bvAD<tAD, AUC range 0.71–0.84, all p < 0.05). Conclusions Subtle frontoinsular hypometabolism and anterior DMN involvement may underlie the prominent behavioral phenotype in bvAD.

The ability of free to total prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density to detect clinically significant prostate cancer in men undergoing transperineal template biopsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surayne V Segaran ◽  
Amr M Emara ◽  
Tharani Mahesan ◽  
Joshua Silverman ◽  
Hashim U Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Total Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen Density ◽  
Clinically Significant

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the ratio of free to total prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density to predict the presence of clinically significant prostate cancer on template biopsies. The value of these tests may be underestimated as they were previously validated against sextant transrectal biopsy of the prostate, which has been proved to miss a large proportion of significant prostate cancers. The ability of these tests to specifically detect clinically significant cancers has not previously been studied. Patients and methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of patients undergoing transperineal template biopsy who also had free to total prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the comparative utility of each test in the detection of all cancers as well as clinically significant cancers, by means of the area under the curve. Results: Data from 293 patients were analysed. Prostate cancer was detected in 72% of patients, of which 62% of this group had clinically significant disease. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis demonstrated the superiority of prostate-specific antigen density and free to total prostate-specific antigen over standard prostate-specific antigen in the overall detection of cancer (area under the curve 0.662 and 0.674 vs 0.534, p=0.003 and 0.02 respectively). Both tests were even more effective in the detection of clinically significant cancers (area under the curve 0.755 and 0.715 vs 0.572, p<0.0001 and 0.009 respectively). Conclusion: The free to total prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density both appear to perform well at detecting clinically significant prostate cancer in our population of men undergoing template biopsy. The potential role of these inexpensive tests should not be overlooked as they may be of value when deciding which patients require biopsy following an initial magnetic resonance imaging scan and also for those on surveillance protocols.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Novel Plasma (1,3)-β-d-Glucan Detection Assay for Diagnosis of Candidemia in Pediatric Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 3017-3020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liu ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Xiaodong Zhu ◽  
Lisong Shen ◽  
Sean X. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Detection Assay

We evaluated a novel plasma (1,3)-β-d-glucan (BDG) detection assay for the diagnosis of candidemia in children. The median BDG levels were 73.4 pg/ml in patients with candidemia and <10 pg/ml in patients without candidemia (P< 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a cutoff point of 14 pg/ml and an area under the curve of 0.802. At these values, the assay demonstrated 68% sensitivity, 91% specificity, 66% positive predictive value, and 91% negative predictive value. Plasma BDG levels were undetectable in 18 candidemia cases.

scholarly journals Detecting the Presence of a Personality Disorder Using Interpersonal and Self-Dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Beeney ◽  
Sophie A. Lazarus ◽  
Michael N. Hallquist ◽  
Stephanie D. Stepp ◽  
Aidan G. C. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Dysfunction ◽  
Dsm Iv

Calls have increased to place interpersonal and self-disturbance as defining features of personality disorders (PDs). Findings from a methodologically diverse set of studies suggest that a common factor undergirds all PDs. The nature of this core of PDs, however, is not clear. In the current study, interviews were completed for DSM-IV PD diagnosis and interpersonal dysfunction independently with 272 individuals (PD = 191, no-PD = 91). Specifically, we evaluated interpersonal dysfunction across social domains. In addition, we empirically assessed the structure of self-dysfunction in PDs. We found dysfunction in work and romantic domains, and unstable identity uniquely predicted variance in the presence of a PD. Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, we found that the interpersonal dysfunction and self-dysfunction scales each predicted PDs with high accuracy. In combination, the scales resulted in excellent sensitivity (.90) and specificity (.88). The results support interpersonal and self-dysfunction as general factors of PD.

scholarly journals Screening for Aphasia in NeuroDegeneration for the Diagnosis of Patients with Primary Progressive Aphasia: Clinical Validity and Psychometric Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petronilla Battista ◽  
Eleonora Catricalà ◽  
Marco Piccininni ◽  
Massimiliano Copetti ◽  
Valentina Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Clinical Validity ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Good Internal Consistency

Background: We evaluated the psychometric proprieties of the Screening for Aphasia in NeuroDegeneration (SAND) battery in Italian primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and movement disorder (MD) patients. Methods: The sample included 30 consecutive PPA and 45 MD patients who completed the SAND battery together with a clinical interview and a neurological/neuropsychological examination and 130 healthy controls (HC). Results: The SAND battery showed good internal consistency and good convergent and divergent validity. receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.978 for PPA versus HC and of 0.786 for PPA versus MD. A cutoff ≥3 gave a sensitivity of 0.933% and a specificity of 0.946% for discriminating PPA versus HC, whereas a cutoff ≥5 gave a sensitivity of 0.767% and a specificity of 0.667% for discriminating PPA versus MD. Conclusion: These results indicate that the SAND battery is an adequate, reliable, and valid diagnostic tool for PPA.

scholarly journals Elevated D-Dimer Levels Predict a Poor Outcome in Critically Ill Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962097308
Author(s):  
Yuhuko Ichkawa ◽  
Hideo Wada ◽  
Minoru Ezaki ◽  
Motoko Tanaka ◽  
Shinya Hiromori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Underlying Diseases ◽  
D Dimer

D-dimer is a biomarker of thrombosis and recently been considered to predict a poor outcome in patients with infectious diseases. Plasma D-dimer levels were measured in critically ill patients to examine their relationship with the poor outcome. The plasma D-dimer levels were markedly higher in the patients with various underlying disease especially venous thromboembolism in comparison to those without severe underlying diseases. The plasma D-dimer levels in non-survivors were significantly higher than those in survivors. In a receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve was high for the disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score, the D-dimer value, and the prothrombin time-international normalize ratio (PT-INR). Adequate cut-off values for predicting the outcome were 3 as follows: DIC score, 3 points; D-dimer, 4.2 mg/L; and PT-INR, 1.08. D-dimer, which is a biomarker for thrombosis, is increased in various underlying diseases and predicts a poor outcome.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio: novel markers for the diagnosis and prognosis in patients with restenosis following CAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Bao ◽  
Gezhi Zhou ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
Zhijun Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

Aim: In this study, we investigated the effect of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio on restenosis status in patients undergoing carotid angioplasty stenting (CAS). Methodology & results: Clinical imageology and receiver operating characteristic analysis were utilized to study the prognostic significance of NLRs/platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios and their correlation with survival. NLR of restenosis (+) patients was evidently increased after the CAS procedures, while the NLR of restenosis (-) patients before the CAS procedures being the lowest. Area under the curve of pre-CAS NLR or/and post-CAS NLR were all evidently higher than 50%. Also, restenosis incidence was the highest in patients with both high pre-CAS and high post-CAS values. Conclusion: Therefore, NLR can be utilized as an independent prognostic indicator to predict the incidence of restenosis after CAS procedures.

scholarly journals 419. Diagnostic Utility of a Ferritin to Procalcitonin Ratio to Differentiate Patients with COVID-19 from Those with Bacterial Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S277-S277
Author(s):  
Katherine C Jankousky ◽  
Peter Hyson ◽  
Jin Huang ◽  
Daniel B Chastain ◽  
Carlos Franco-Paredes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Test Probability ◽  
Receiver Operating

Abstract Background Accurate, rapid, inexpensive biomarkers are needed to differentiate COVID-19 from bacterial pneumonia, allowing effective treatment and antibiotic stewardship. We hypothesized that the ratio of ferritin to procalcitonin (F/P) reflects greater viral activity and host response with COVID-19 pneumonia, while bacterial pneumonia would be associated with less cytolysis (lower ferritin) and more inflammation (higher procalcitonin), thus a lower F/P ratio. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of adult patients admitted to a single University hospital in the US through May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared F/P ratio of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 or bacterial pneumonia, excluding patients with COVID-19 and bacterial co-infections. In a logistic regression, we controlled for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes (DM), and hypertension (HTN). We used a receiver operating characteristic analysis to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of F/P values for the diagnosis of COVID-19 versus bacterial pneumonia. Results Of 218 patients with COVID-19 and 17 with bacterial pneumonia, COVID-19 patients were younger (56 vs 66 years, p=0.04), male (66% vs 24%, p=0.009), had higher BMI (31 vs 27 kg/m2, p=0.03), and similar rates of HTN (59% vs 45%, p=0.3) and DM (32% vs 18%, p=0.2). The median F/P ratio was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 (3195 vs 860, p=0.0003, Figure 1). An F/P ratio cut-off of ≥ 1250 generated a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 59% to correctly classify a COVID-19 case (Figure 2). When adjusted for age, gender, BMI, DM, and HTN, a ratio ≥ of 1250 was associated with significantly greater odds of COVID-19 versus bacterial pneumonia (OR: 4.9, CI: 1.5, 16.1, p=0.009). Figure 1. Ferritin to Procalcitonin Ratios of patients with COVID-19 and patients with Bacterial Pneumonia (controls). Figure 2. Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis of Ferritin to Procalcitonin Ratio Cut-off Values Predicting COVID-19 Diagnosis. Conclusion We observed an elevated F/P ratio in patients with COVID-19 compared to those with bacterial pneumonia. A F/P ratio ≥ 1250 provides a clinically relevant increase in pre-test probability of COVID-19. Prospective studies evaluating the discriminatory characteristics of F/P ratio in larger cohorts is warranted. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Diagnostic utility of a Ferritin-to-Procalcitonin Ratio to differentiate patients with COVID-19 from those with Bacterial Pneumonia: A multicenter study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal A Gharamti ◽  
Fei Mei ◽  
Katherine C Jankousky ◽  
Jin Huang ◽  
Peter Hyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background There is an urgent need for accurate, rapid, inexpensive biomarkers that can differentiate COVID-19 from bacterial pneumonia. We assess the role of the ferritin-to-procalcitonin (F/P) ratio to classify pneumonia cases into those due to COVID-19 or due to bacterial pathogens. Methods This multicenter case-control study compared patients with either COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia, admitted between March 1 and May 31, 2020. Patients with COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia co-infection were excluded. The F/P in patients with COVID-19 or with bacterial pneumonia were compared. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined the sensitivity and specificity of various cut-off F/P values for COVID-19 versus bacterial pneumonia. Results A total of 242 COVID-19 pneumonia cases and 34 bacterial pneumonia controls were included. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had a lower mean age (57.11 vs 64.4 years, p=0.02) and a higher BMI (30.74 vs 27.15 kg/m 2, p=0.02) compared to patients with bacterial pneumonia. Cases and controls had a similar proportion of women (47% vs 53%, p=0.5) and COVID-19 patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (32.6% vs 12%, p=0.01). The median F/P was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 (4037.5) compared to the F/P in bacterial pneumonia (802, p&lt;0.001). An F/P ≥ 877 used to diagnose COVID-19 resulted in a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 56%, with a positive predictive value of 93.2%, and a likelihood ratio of 1.92. In multivariable analyses, an F/P ≥ 877 was associated with greater odds of identifying a COVID-19 case (OR: 11.27, CI: 4-31.2, p&lt;0.001). Conclusion An F/P ≥ 877 increases the likelihood of COVID-19 pneumonia compared to bacterial pneumonia.

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