Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) are increasing worldwide, and the resulting cardiac complications are the leading cause of death. Among these complications is diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is the consequence of a pro-inflammatory condition, oxidative stress and fibrosis caused by hyperglycemia. Cardiac remodeling will lead to an imbalance in cell survival and death, which can promote cardiac dysfunction. Since the conventional treatment of DM generally does not address the prevention of cardiac remodeling, it is important to develop new alternatives for the treatment of cardiovascular complications induced by DM. Thus, therapy with mesenchymal stem cells has been shown to be a promising approach for the prevention of DCM because of their anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects, which could improve cardiac function in patients with DM.

Relationship Of Abdominal Circumference, BMI and Sweet Food Consumption with Diabetes Mellitus in Adults 26-45 Years Old in DKI Jakarta (Riskesdas 2018 Analysis)

Diabetes mellitus occurs, one of which is characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to insulin abnormalities or insulin action (Perkeni, 2015). The 2018 Riskesdas survey showed an increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in people over 15 years of age. High carbohydrate intake can affect the incidence of diabetes mellitus. This is caused carbohydrates that have been broken down by the body into glucose will be circulated throughout the body and the glucose balance will be controlled by the pancreas by releasing the hormone insulin. If a insulin produced is few, the glucose level in the blood will be excess and increase the occurrence of hyperglycemia. This study aims to analyze the relationship between consumption of sweet foods, body mass index and abdominal circumference with the incidence of diabetes mellitus in adults aged 26-45 years in DKI Jakarta based on the Riskesdas 2018 analysis. The results of the bivariate test with chi square showed a relationship between consumption of sweet foods (p = 0,000), body mass index (p = 0,000) and abdominal circumference (p = 0,000) with the incidence of diabetes mellitus. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between consumption of sweet foods, body mass index and abdominal circumference with the incidence of diabetes mellitus in adults aged 26-45 years in DKI Jakarta.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among 80,193 gastrointestinal cancer patients in five European and three Asian countries

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) has recently been associated with an increased incidence of such digestive tract malignancies as gastric or colorectal cancer. However, systematic data on the prevalence of DM among digestive tract cancer entities, especially in terms of geographic distributions, are lacking. Methods We used the Oncology Dynamics database (IQVIA) to identify a total of 80,193 patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer (5845 esophagus, 20,806 stomach, 38,138 colon, and 15,414 rectum cancer patients) from eight European and Asian countries. Results The overall prevalence of DM among all digestive tract cancer patients was 14.8% (11,866/80,193). In terms of cancer site, DM prevalence was highest in patients with colon (15.5%) or rectal (15.3%) cancer and lowest in patients with esophageal cancer (12.0%). Interestingly, we observed significant differences in DM prevalence between countries. Spain (27.8%, 31.3%) and South Korea (21.0%, 27.9%) had the highest prevalence of DM among gastric and colon cancer patients, while DM prevalence in esophageal (18.8%) and rectal (38.0%) cancer patients was highest in Germany. Conclusion Our data revealed a high prevalence of DM among digestive tract cancer patients in Europe and Asia, and showed that DM prevalence varies among digestive tract cancer sites as well as countries.

The Association Between Medicare Annual Wellness Visits and Detection and Management of Diabetes Among Older Adults

The rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among older adults is an increasing concern in the U.S. and is expected to nearly triple within the next 40 years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Medicare Annual Wellness Visits (AWV) utilization on the management of DM among Medicare beneficiaries using data from 26,703 Medicare beneficiaries seen at 13 primary care community clinics (clinic visits between 2017 and 2019). A total of 34% of Medicare beneficiaries participated in an AWV. The total sample was, on average, 72.6 years old (SD=7.0), 57% female, 84% White, and 91% non-Hispanic and had between zero and three co-morbid conditions. The AWV group was significantly younger (mean difference 2.0 years; p<.001) and had fewer comorbid conditions (mean difference 0.1; p<.001) than the non-AWV group at their initial visits. Comparing AWV and non-AWV groups at the first patient visit and last patient visit, there were significantly fewer patients with DM in the AWV group compared to the non-AWV groups (19.2% vs. 24.7%; p<.001 and 53.5% vs. 59.2%; p<.001). DM management was better in the AWV group compared to the non-AWV group at both the first and last patient visits, as exhibited by lower A1C levels (M= 5.9(SD=0.8) vs. M=6.2(SD=1.1); p<.001 and M= 6.6(SD=0.8) vs. M=6.9(SD=1.4); p=.013), lower glucose levels (M=114.0(SD=34.0) vs. M=123.0(SD=51.0); p<.001), and fewer DM medications (M=0.1(SD=.4) vs. M=0.2(SD=0.5); p<.001 and M=0.2(SD=0.6) vs. M=0.3(SD=0.6); p<.001). These results suggest that AWV are effective managing diabetes in older adults Medicare beneficiaries.

Multi-Omics Comparison of the Spontaneous Diabetes Mellitus and Diet-Induced Prediabetic Macaque Models

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been increasing for decades worldwide. To develop safe and potent therapeutics, animal models contribute a lot to the studies of the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. Dietary induction using is a well-accepted protocol in generating insulin resistance and diabetes models. In the present study, we reported the multi-omics profiling of the liver and sera from both peripheral blood and hepatic portal vein blood from Macaca fascicularis that spontaneously developed Type-2 diabetes mellitus with a chow diet (sDM). The other two groups of the monkeys fed with chow diet and high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) diet, respectively, were included for comparison. Analyses of various omics datasets revealed the alterations of high consistency. Between the sDM and HFHS monkeys, both the similar and unique alterations in the lipid metabolism have been demonstrated from metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data repeatedly. The comparison of the proteome and transcriptome confirmed the involvement of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) in the diet-induced pathogenesis of diabetes in macaques. Furthermore, the commonly changed genes between spontaneous diabetes and HFHS diet-induced prediabetes suggested that the alterations in the intra- and extracellular structural proteins and cell migration in the liver might mediate the HFHS diet induction of diabetes mellitus.

Global, regional, and national prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Both pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major global public health problems. We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of diabetes mellitus in a population with PTB. Methods We searched for observational studies of DM in people with PTB using the PubMed and Embase electronic bibliographic databases, focusing on articles published in the English language from database inception until March 31, 2021. We included original research that reported the prevalence of DM in PTB or those that had sufficient data to compute these estimates. Studies were excluded if they did not provide primary data or were case studies or reviews. Two authors independently extracted the articles and collected detailed information using a predefined questionnaire. A country-specific random-effects meta-analysis was used for countries with two or more available studies, and a fractional response regression model was employed to predict the prevalence of DM in PTB for countries with one or no study. The study was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, using the registration number CRD42018101989. Results We identified 22,658 studies, and 153, across 51 countries, were retained for data extraction. The global prevalence of DM among patients with PTB was estimated to be 13.73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.51–14.95). The prevalence rates were 19.32% (95% CI 13.18–25.46) in the region of the Americas, 17.31% (95% CI 12.48–22.14) in the European region, 14.62% (95% CI 12.05–17.18) in Southeast Asia, 13.59% (95% CI 7.24–19.95) in the western Pacific region, 9.61% (95% CI 4.55–14.68) in the eastern Mediterranean region, and 9.30% (95% CI 2.83–15.76) in the African region. The country with the highest estimated prevalence was the Marshall Islands (50.12%; 95% CI 4.28–95.76). Conclusion Comorbid PTB and DM remain prevalent worldwide.

Some Folk Antidiabetic Medicinal Herb of Himachal Pradesh

The Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is increasing day by day at an alarming worldwide. As per the statics of International Diabetic Federation, currently worldwide approximately 463 million adults (20–79 years) affected with diabetes that is expected to increase rise to 700 million by 2045. Diabetes and its complications imposes an economic loss to people with diabetes and their families, and to health systems and national economy. Diabetes is a complex disease which link with multiple of factors. Present reviewdocument the information of traditional used Antidiabetic plants by the inhabitants of Nadaun, District Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India. During the survey 31 Medicinal Plants have been documented on the basis of information collected from the respondents of the study area.

Description of Blood Sugar Levels in Medical Student of Universitas Prima Indonesia

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized byhyperglycemia. Various epidemiological studies have shown an increasing trend in theincidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus in various parts of the world. Lifestylechanges lead to an increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome diabetes mellitus.This study aims to determine the description of blood sugar levels during class 2017students of the Faculty of Medicine, Prima Indonesia University. This type ofobservational analytic research with sampling techniques using non-methods Thisresearch is a descriptive study with a cross sectional study design. This research willbe carried out at the UNPRI campus building 1. The sample of this study is all medicalstudents of the 2017 Prima Indonesia University class totaling 99 people. Data werecollected using a questionnaire and analyzed by univariate. The results showed that themajority of the respondents were female, namely 66 people (66.7%), while only 33 malerespondents (33.3%) were male respondents. According to blood sugar levels, allrespondents had normal blood sugar levels (100%). Respondents are advised tomaintain a healthy diet and lifestyle so that their blood sugar levels remain stable andultimately avoid the risk of diabetes mellitus.

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension amongst the HIV-positive population at a district hospital in eThekwini, South Africa

Background: Life expectancies of HIV-positive patients have been increasing with the rapid implementation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This has led to an increase in comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT) amongst the HIV population. The burden of the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as DM and HT need to be quantified in order to ensure that patients receive optimal integrated care as patients often access care at different clinics compromising holistic care.Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of DM and HT amongst the HIV-positive population.Setting: The study was conducted at Wentworth Hospital, a district facility in South Durban, KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of two NCDs, namely DM and HT in HIV-positive patients attending the ART clinic at a district hospital in the eThekwini district. We compared the socio-demographic and clinical profiles of those with and without comorbidities. A sample of 301 HIV-positive patients were administered a structured questionnaire.Results: Of the 301 patients, 230 (76.41%) had HIV only (95% confidence interval [CI]: 71.25–80.89) and 71 (23.59%) had HIV and at least one comorbidity, namely DM and/or HT (95% CI: 19.11-28.75). Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity. This study revealed that there was no association between the duration of ART and comorbidities. Older age and body mass index (BMI) were associated with comorbidities, whilst gender and ethnicity were not associated.Conclusion: Non-communicable diseases such as DM and HT do pose a burden for HIV-positive patients attending the ARV clinic at this district facility. This study highlights the definite need to plan for the increased burden of NCDs as HIV-positive patients live longer and gain weight.