scholarly journals Influence of Piping on On-Line Continuous Weighing of Materials inside Process Equipment: Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Verification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5246
Author(s):  
Yuanlin Jing ◽  
Feng Guo ◽  
Yiping Wang ◽  
Qunwu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Design ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Engineering Optimization ◽  
Continuous Contact ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Theoretical Criterion ◽  
On Line ◽  
Continuous Heat

Due to the continuity and complexity of chemical systems, piping and operating conditions will have a significant effect on the on-line continuous weighing of materials inside process equipment. In this paper, a mathematical model of the weighing system considering piping and operating conditions was established based on the gas–liquid continuous heat transfer weighing process. A theoretical criterion which can be extended to any continuous weighing system of the materials inside equipment with connected piping is obtained through the mechanical derivation between the material mass, the cantilever beam deflection, the strain gage deformation, and the bridge output voltage. This criterion can effectively predict the influence of piping on weighing results with specific accuracy, and provide a basis for engineering optimization design. On this basis, a set of gas–liquid continuous contact weighing devices was built. The static/dynamic experimental results showed that the accuracy of the system meets the set requirements.

Validation of On-line Respiration Meter and its Applications by Computer Simulation

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
C-W. Kim ◽  
H. Spanjers ◽  
A. Klapwijk
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
On Line ◽  
Made In

An on-line respiration meter is presented to monitor three types of respiration rates of activated sludge and to calculate effluent and influent short term biochemical oxygen demand (BODst) in the continuous activated sludge process. This work is to verify if the calculated BODst is reliable and the assumptions made in the course of developing the proposed procedure were acceptable. A mathematical model and a dynamic simulation program are written for an activated sludge model plant along with the respiration meter based on mass balances of BODst and DO. The simulation results show that the three types of respiration rate reach steady state within 15 minutes under reasonable operating conditions. As long as the respiration rate reaches steady state the proposed procedure calculates the respiration rate that is equal to the simulated. Under constant and dynamic BODst loading, the proposed procedure is capable of calculating the effluent and influent BODst with reasonable accuracy.

scholarly journals Optimal Tuner Selection for Kalman Filter-Based Aircraft Engine Performance Estimation

2009 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Simon ◽  
Sanjay Garg
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Estimation ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Tuning Parameter ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
On Line

A linear point design methodology for minimizing the error in on-line Kalman filter-based aircraft engine performance estimation applications is presented. This technique specifically addresses the underdetermined estimation problem, where there are more unknown parameters than available sensor measurements. A systematic approach is applied to produce a model tuning parameter vector of appropriate dimension to enable estimation by a Kalman filter, while minimizing the estimation error in the parameters of interest. Tuning parameter selection is performed using a multivariable iterative search routine that seeks to minimize the theoretical mean-squared estimation error. This paper derives theoretical Kalman filter estimation error bias and variance values at steady-state operating conditions, and presents the tuner selection routine applied to minimize these values. Results from the application of the technique to an aircraft engine simulation are presented and compared with the conventional approach of tuner selection. Experimental simulation results are found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions. The new methodology is shown to yield a significant improvement in on-line engine performance estimation accuracy.

Characterizing chemical systems with on-line computers and graphics

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack W. Frazer ◽  
Lester P. Rigdon ◽  
Hal R. Brand ◽  
Charles L. Pomernacki
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Systems ◽  
On Line

scholarly journals Flow injection analysis of water. Part 1: Automatic preconcentration determination of sulphate, ammonia and iron(II)/iron(III)

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Cosano ◽  
M. D. Luque de Castro ◽  
M. Valcárcel
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Good Reproducibility ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Sequential Determination ◽  
On Line ◽  
Exchange Material ◽  
Iron Complexation ◽  
Simple Flow ◽  
Ammonia Formation

This paper describes a simple flow-injection (FI) manifold for the determination of a variety of species in industrial water. The chemical systems involved in the determination of ammonia (formation of Indophenol Blue), sulfate (precipitation with Ba(II)), and iron (complexation with 1,10-phenanthroline with the help of a prior redox reaction for speciation) were selected so that a common manifold could be used for the sequential determination of batches of each analyte. A microcolumn of a suitable ion exchange material was used for on-line preconcentration of each analyte prior to injection; linear ranges for the determination of the analytes at the ng/ml levels were obtained with good reproducibility. The manifold and methods are ready for full automation.

scholarly journals Belousov-Zhabotinsky type reactions: the non-linear behavior of chemical systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cassani ◽  
Alessandro Monteverde ◽  
Marco Piumetti
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Deterministic Chaos ◽  
General Information ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Chemical Oscillators ◽  
Chemical Systems ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Oscillatory Reactions ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction

AbstractChemical oscillators are open systems characterized by periodic variations of some reaction species concentration due to complex physico-chemical phenomena that may cause bistability, rise of limit cycle attractors, birth of spiral waves and Turing patterns and finally deterministic chaos. Specifically, the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction is a noteworthy example of non-linear behavior of chemical systems occurring in homogenous media. This reaction can take place in several variants and may offer an overview on chemical oscillators, owing to its simplicity of mathematical handling and several more complex deriving phenomena. This work provides an overview of Belousov-Zhabotinsky-type reactions, focusing on modeling under different operating conditions, from the most simple to the most widely applicable models presented during the years. In particular, the stability of simplified models as a function of bifurcation parameters is studied as causes of several complex behaviors. Rise of waves and fronts is mathematically explained as well as birth and evolution issues of the chaotic ODEs system describing the Györgyi-Field model of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. This review provides not only the general information about oscillatory reactions, but also provides the mathematical solutions in order to be used in future biochemical reactions and reactor designs.

Intelligent Adaptive Active Force Control of a Robotic Arm with Embedded Iterative Learning Algorithms

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Mailah ◽  
Miaw Yong Ong
Keyword(s):  
Force Control ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Iterative Learning ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Active Force ◽  
Inertia Matrix ◽  
Active Force Control ◽  
Controller Gain ◽  
On Line

Kawalan jitu dan lasak bagi satu sistem lengan robot atau pengolah adalah amat penting terutama sekali jika sistem mengalami pelbagai bentuk bebanan dan keadaan pengendalian. Kertas kerja ini memaparkan satu kaedah baru dan lasak untuk mengawal lengan robot menggunakan teknik pembelajaran secara berlelaran yang dimuatkan dalam strategi kawalan daya aktif. Sebanyak dua algoritma pembelajaran utama digunakan dalam kajian – yang pertama digunakan untuk menala gandaan pengawal secara automatik manakala yang satu lagi pula untuk menganggarkan matriks inersia pengolah. Kedua-dua parameter ini dihasilkan secara adaptif dan dalam talian ketika robot sedang menjalankan tugas menjejak trajektori dalam persekitaran tindakan daya gangguan. Dalam kajian ini, pengetahuan awal tentang kedua–dua nilai gandaan pengawal dan anggaran matriks inersia tidak wujud. Dengan demikian, suatu skema kawalan yang jitu dan lasak terhasil. Keberkesanan kaedah yang dicadangkan dapat ditentusahkan melalui hasil kajian yang diperoleh dan dibentangkan dalam kertas kerja ini. Kata kunci: Adaptif; kawalan daya aktif; pembelajaran berlelaran; matriks inersia; gandaan pengawal The robust and accurate control of a robotic arm or manipulator are of prime importance especially if the system is subjected to varying forms of loading and operating conditions. The paper highlights a novel and robust method to control a robotic arm using an iterative learning technique embedded in an active force control strategy. Two main iterative learning algorithms are utilized in the study – the first is used to automatically tune the controller gains while the second to estimate the inertia matrix of the manipulator. These parameters are adaptively computed on-line while the robot is executing a trajectory tracking task and subject to some forms of external disturbances. No priori knowledge of both the controller gains and the estimated inertia matrix are ever assumed in the study. In this way, an adaptive and robust control scheme is derived. The effectiveness of the method is verified and can be seen from the results of the work presented in this paper. Keywords: Adaptive; active force control; iterative learning; inertia matrix; controller gain

scholarly journals A Review of the Flow-Induced Noise Study for Centrifugal Pumps

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Guo ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Suoying He
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Design ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Noise Optimization ◽  
Operating Stability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Flow Induced Noise ◽  
Negative Impacts

Flow-induced noise is a significant concern for the design and operation of centrifugal pumps. The negative impacts of flow-induced noise on operating stability, human health and the environment have been shown in many cases. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the flow-induced noise study for centrifugal pumps to synthesize the current study status. First, the generation mechanism and propagation route of flow-induced noise are discussed. Then, three kinds of study methodologies, including the theoretical study of hydrodynamic noise, numerical simulation and experimental measurement study, are summarized. Subsequently, the application of the three study methodologies to the analysis of the distribution characteristics of flow-induced noise is analyzed from aspects of the noise source identification and comparison, the frequency response analysis, the directivity characteristics of sound field and the noise changing characteristics under various operating conditions. After that, the analysis of the noise optimization design of centrifugal pumps is summarized. Finally, based on previous study results, this paper puts forward the unsolved problems and implications for future study. In conclusion, the information collected in this review paper could guide further study of the flow-induced noise of centrifugal pumps.

Effects of the Infusion Mode on Bicarbonate Balance in On-Line Hemodiafiltration

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Pedrini ◽  
V. De Cristofaro ◽  
B. Pagliari
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bicarbonate Transport ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
On Line ◽  
Intermediate Results

Background Electrolyte and acid-base balance may be differently affected by the infusion mode in on-line hemodiafiltration (HDF). We studied the effects of the different infusion modes on bicarbonate transport across the dialyzer membrane, and thus on the final bicarbonate balance of the HDF sessions. Methods Instantaneous HCO3− transfer across the dialyzer membrane, blood bicarbonate profile and the total balance of the sessions were studied in six dialysis patients under the same operating conditions over 36 HDF sessions, in order to compare the effects of predilution HDF (pre-HDF), postdilution HDF (post-HDF), and mixed HDF on the final bicarbonate balance. Results The final HCO3− balance was more positive in post-HDF vs pre-HDF (142 ± 36 vs 99 ± 41 mmol/session, p<0.05), with a final blood HCO3− concentration of 26.6 ± 1.0 vs 25.4 ± 1.1 mmol/L, (p<0.05). Mixed HDF yielded intermediate results (balance: 119 ± 42 mmol/session, final HCO3− 26.2 (1.2 mmol/L). These differences were seen to result from the increased HCO3- concentration of blood entering the filter in predilution, due to the infused HCO3−, enhancing convective loss and reducing the driving force for diffusive HCO3− gain. Conclusions Bicarbonate concentration in dialysate-reinfusate is critical in order to obtain an adequate end of session HCO3− balance in on-line HDF. The predilution method produced the lowest cumulative net HCO3− gain between the three studied infusion modes. Our data suggest that, under the same operating conditions and excluding the effect of ultrafiltration, dialysate HCO3− should be increased by about 2 mmol/L in pre-HDF, and 1 mmol/L in mixed HDF, to yield the same final balance as in post-HDF.

An Intelligent Sensor Validation and Fault Diagnostic Technique for Diesel Engines

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Mesbahi
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Sensor Reading ◽  
Intelligent Sensor ◽  
Sensor Validation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On Line ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

Abstract An intelligent sensor validation and on-line fault diagnosis technique for a 6 cylinder turbocharged diesel engine is proposed and studied. A single auto-associative 3-layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN), is trained to examine the accuracy of the measured data and allocate a confidence level to each signal. The same ANN is used to recover the missing or faulty data with a close approximation. For on-line fault detection a feed-forward ANN is trained to classify and consequently recognize faulty and healthy behavior of the engine for a wide range of operating conditions. The proposed technique is also equipped with an on-line learning mechanism, which is activated when the confidence level in predicted fault is poor. It is hoped that a feasible, practical, and reliable sensor reading, as well as highly accurate fault diagnosis system, would be achieved.

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