scholarly journals Adhesion Strength Change Analysis Based on the Application Surface Area Ratio of Spot-Bonded Tiles on Vertical Walls of High Humidity Facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5357
Author(s):  
Jung-hun Lee ◽  
Bum-soo Kim ◽  
Kyu-hwan Oh ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Xingyang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Strength Change ◽  
Adhesion Failure ◽  
Vertical Walls ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Adhesive Application

Facility walls with high relative humidity, such as bathrooms or kitchens installed with tiles by spot-bonding methods, become far more prone to defect or adhesion failure when using large or heavy tiles and insufficient application area of adhesive but is still continued to be practiced due to their low costs in the material. Most importantly, if this practice is to be continued, the changes in adhesion strength of the tiles based on different adhesive application areas of adhesives must be clarified such that the very least secure application can be achieved even by using spot-bonding methods. In this regard, an experiment was conducted in this study where tile-adhered specimens with different adhesive-applied area ratios (AR) of 60 ± 2%, 80 ± 2%, and 100% were prepared. Tile adhesion strength was subsequently measured, after sectioning the entire surface of the tile into 40 pieces. Experimental results showed that the adhesion strength above the standard criteria could be achieved for about 75% of the entire tile with AR 100% conditioning, followed by 30% of the entire tile with AR 80 ± 2% conditioning, and 20% of the entire tile for AR 60 ± 2% conditioning. Further analysis showed that with AR 80 ± 2% and AR 60 ± 2% conditions, the overall adhesion strength decreased by the range of about 59–67% compared to the AR 100% application conditions. The results of the study intended to provide an analytical basis of guidelines and risks with the potential usage of spot-bonding and should only be used if AR 100% application is planned.

Clinical implication of renal allograft volume to recipient body surface area ratio in pediatric renal transplant

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. e13295
Author(s):  
Michael E. Chua ◽  
Jin Kyu Kim ◽  
Michele Gnech ◽  
Jessica M. Ming ◽  
Bisma Amir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Clinical Implication ◽  
Renal Allograft ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Pediatric Renal Transplant

The effect of donor/recipient body surface area ratio on outcomes in pediatric kidney transplantation

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Giuliani ◽  
Pier Giorgio Gamba ◽  
Nikunj Kanu Chokshi ◽  
Paolo Gasparella ◽  
Luisa Murer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Pediatric Kidney Transplantation

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of probe measurements in a supersonic flow of a four-component collisionless plasma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
D.N. Lazuchenkov ◽  
◽  
N.M. Lazuchenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Collisionless Plasma ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Probe Current ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Probe System ◽  
Probe Measurements

The aim of this work is the development of a procedure for extracting the plasma electron density and temperature and ion composition from the current-voltage characteristic (C –V characteristic) of an isolated probe system of cylindrical electrodes. The plasma is four-component and consists of electrons, ions of two species with significantly different masses, and neutrals. The measuring probe and the reference electrode of the probe system may be made up of several cylinders. The electrodes of the probe system are placed transversely to a supersonic flow of a low-temperature collisionless plasma with a specified mass velocity. Using the familiar theoretical and experimental relationships for the ion and electron currents to a cylinder, a mathematical model of current collection is constructed for an isolated probe system at an arbitrary ratio of the electrode surface areas. The model includes the calculation of the equilibrium potential of the reference electrode as a function of the probe bias voltage. A procedure is developed for the identification of local plasma parameters using a priori information on the plasma properties and the experimental conditions. The effect of the electron density and temperature and the ion composition on the probe current of the isolated probe system at different ratios of the current-collecting electrode surface areas is studied. The ranges of the probe bias potentials and the values of the electrode surface area ratio that maximize and minimize the effect of the sought-for parameters on the probe current are determined. The quantitative restrictions on the bias potentials and the surface area ratio obtained in this study are used in the probe measurement procedure and in the objective function for comparing the theoretical approximation of the probe current with the measured I– characteristics. A numerical simulation of probe measurements under the ionospheric conditions was conducted to verify the efficiency of the procedure for extracting the local parameters of a four-component plasma from the electron branch of the I –V characteristic of an isolated probe system. The results obtained may be used in ionospheric plasma diagnostics onboard nanosatellites.

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