Comparative Study on Wood CNC Routing Methods for Transposing a Traditional Motif from Romanian Textile Heritage into Furniture Decoration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6713
Author(s):  
Antonela Lungu ◽  
Mihai Ispas ◽  
Luminiţa-Maria Brenci ◽  
Sergiu Răcăşan ◽  
Camelia Coşereanu
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Aesthetic Evaluation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stereo Microscope ◽  
Cnc Router ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
Routing Methods ◽  
Tool Cutting

This paper presents experimental research on the Computer Numerical Control (CNC) routing of a traditional motif collected from Ţara Bârsei (Transylvania region) using two methods, namely, engraving (Engrave) and carving (V-Carve). The analysis of the CNC router processes includes the calculation of the path lengths, an assessment of the processing time and wood mass loss, and an evaluation of the tool wearing by investigating the tool cutting edge on a Stereo Microscope NIKON SMZ 18 before and after processing the ornament on wood. An aesthetic evaluation of the ornament routed on wood, using both the engraving and carving methods, is also conducted, whilst a microscopic analysis of the processed areas highlights the defects that occurred on the wood surface depending on the tool path.

Adaptive spiral tool path generation for computer numerical control machining using point cloud

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622199007
Author(s):  
Mandeep Dhanda ◽  
Aman Kukreja ◽  
SS Pande
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Numerical Control Machining ◽  
Form Errors ◽  
Spiral Tool Path ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Mesh Grid ◽  
Cloud Of Points ◽  
Cam Software

This paper reports a novel method to generate adaptive spiral tool path for the CNC machining of complex sculptured surface represented in the form of cloud of points without the need for surface fitting. The algorithm initially uses uniform 2 D circular mesh-grid to compute the cutter location (CL) points by applying the tool inverse offset method (IOM). These CL points are refined adaptively till the surface form errors converge below the prescribed tolerance limits in both circumferential and radial directions. They are further refined to eliminate the redundancy in machining and generate optimum region wise tool path to minimize the tool lifts. The NC part programs generated by our algorithm were widely tested for different case studies using the commercial CNC simulator as well as by the actual machining trial. Finally, a comparative study was done between our developed system and the commercial CAM software. The results showed that our system is more efficient and robust in terms of the obtained surface quality, productivity, and memory requirement.

Error correction technique for numerical control machine tools based on the simplex method

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542110281
Author(s):  
Hongwei Liu ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Pingjiang Wang ◽  
Jihong Chen ◽  
Hua Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Error Compensation ◽  
Simplex Method ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Correction Technique ◽  
Fluctuation Range ◽  
Nc Machine

The objective of this research is to develop a novel correction mechanism to reduce the fluctuation range of tools in numerical control (NC) machining. Error compensation is an effective method to improve the machining accuracy of a machine tool. If the difference between two adjacent compensation data is too large, the fluctuation range of the tool will increase, which will seriously affect the surface quality of the machined parts in mechanical machining. The methodology used in compensation data processing is a simplex method of linear programming. This method reduces the fluctuation range of the tool and optimizes the tool path. The important aspect of software error compensation is to modify the initial compensation data by using an iterative method, and then the corrected tool path data are converted into actual compensated NC codes by using a postprocessor, which is implemented on the compensation module to ensure a smooth running path of the tool. The generated, calibrated, and amended NC codes were immediately fed to the machine tool controller. This technique was verified by using repeated measurements. The results of the experiments demonstrate efficient compensation and significant improvement in the machining accuracy of the NC machine tool.

scholarly journals Fatigue Damage of Al/SiC Composites - Macroscopic and Microscopic Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rutecka ◽  
Z.L. Kowalewski ◽  
K. Makowska ◽  
K. Pietrzak ◽  
L. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Inelastic Strain ◽  
Damage Parameter ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Cyclic Plasticity ◽  
Damage Mechanisms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fatigue Damage Parameter ◽  
Sic Composites

Abstract The results of comparative examinations of mechanical behaviour during fatigue loads and microstructure assessment before and after fatigue tests were presented. Composites of aluminium matrix and SiC reinforcement manufactured using the KoBo method were investigated. The combinations of two kinds of fatigue damage mechanisms were observed. The first one governed by cyclic plasticity and related to inelastic strain amplitude changes and the second one expressed in a form of ratcheting based on changes in mean inelastic strain. The higher SiC content the less influence of the fatigue damage mechanisms on material behaviour was observed. Attempts have been made to evaluate an appropriate fatigue damage parameter. However, it still needs further improvements.

Applications of Software Engineering to Manufacturing Process Planning

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sundararajan ◽  
Paul K. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Process Planning ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Tool Selection ◽  
Process Planning System ◽  
New Algorithms

Agile methods of software development promote the use of flexible architectures that can be rapidly refactored and rebuilt as necessary for the project. In the mechanical engineering domain, software tends to be very complex and requires the integration of several modules that result from the efforts of large numbers of programmers over several years. Such software needs to be extensible, modular, and adaptable so that a variety of algorithms can be quickly tested and deployed. This paper presents an application of the unified process (UP) to the development of a research process planning system called CyberCut. UP is used to (1) analyze and critique early versions of CyberCut and (2) to guide current and future developments of the CyberCut system. CyberCut is an integrated process planning system that converts user designs to instructions for a computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine. The conversion process involves algorithms to perform tasks such as feature extraction, fixture planning, tool selection, and tool-path planning. The UP-driven approach to the development of CyberCut involves two phases. The inception phase outlines a clear but incomplete description of the user needs. The elaboration phase involves iterative design, development, and testing using short cycles. The software makes substantial use of design patterns to promote clean and well-defined separation between and within components to enable independent development and testing. The overall development of the software tool took about two months with five programmers. It was later possible to easily integrate or substitute new algorithms into the system so that programming resources were more productively used to develop new algorithms. The experience with UP shows that methodologies such as UP are important for engineering software development where research goals, technology, algorithms, and implementations show dramatic and frequent changes.

Stochastic Fractal Modeling and Process Planning for Machining Using Two-Dimensional Iterated Function System

2008 ◽  
Vol 392-394 ◽  
pp. 575-579
Author(s):  
Yu Hao Li ◽  
Jing Chun Feng ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
Yu Han Wang
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Iterated Function System ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Function System ◽  
Tool Path Planning ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Iterated Function ◽  
Planning Algorithm ◽  
Path Planning Algorithm

Self-affine and stochastic affine transforms of R2 Iterated Function System (IFS) are investigated in this paper for manufacturing non-continuous objects in nature that exhibit fractal nature. A method for modeling and fabricating fractal bio-shapes using machining is presented. Tool path planning algorithm for numerical control machining is presented for the geometries generated by our fractal generation function. The tool path planning algorithm is implemented on a CNC machine, through executing limited number of iteration. This paper describes part of our ongoing research that attempts to break through the limitation of current CAD/CAM and CNC systems that are oriented to Euclidean geometry objects.

Effect of process parameters on formability in two-point incremental forming-machining of planar and twisted AA5083 blades

2022 ◽  
pp. 095440542110697
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghorbani-Menghari ◽  
Mehrdad Azadipour ◽  
Mehran Ghasempour-Mouziraji ◽  
Young Hoon Moon ◽  
Ji Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Incremental Forming ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Curved Surface ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Forming Temperature ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Tool Diameter

The deformation machining process (DMP) involves machining and incremental forming of thin structures. It can be applied for manufacturing products such as curved-surface blades without using 5-axis computerised numerical control machines. This work presents the effect of tool diameter and forming temperature on spring-back and dimensional accuracy of a simple fabricated part. The results of the first phase of the study are utilised to design the fabrication process of a curved surface blade. A feature-based algorithm is used to design the tool path for the forming process. The dimensional accuracy of the final product is improved through warm forming, two-point incremental forming, and extension of the bending zone to the outside of the product edges. The results show that DMP can be used to fabricate complex curved-surface workpieces with acceptable dimensional accuracy.

A Novel Incremental Sheet Bending Process of Complex Curved Steel Plate

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyang Zuo ◽  
Kai He ◽  
Xiaobing Dang ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Ruxu Du
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Supporting System ◽  
Motion Modes ◽  
Bending Process ◽  
Curved Steel

Bending complex curved steel plates for constructing ship hull has long been a challenge in shipbuilding industry. This paper presents a novel incremental bending process to obtain complicated curved steel plates by a series of sequential and layered punches. Taking advantage of this process, the blank plate that is fixed and held by a flexible supporting system can incrementally be bent into the target shape by a press tool along a planned tool path step by step and layer by layer. Acting as a “lower die,” the flexible supporting system can provide flexible and multifunctional supports for the work piece during the forming process, whose four general motion modes are demonstrated in this paper. Meanwhile, the procedures of tool path planning and forming layering are also explained in detail. In addition, aiming at different motion modes of the flexible supporting system, two springback compensation methods are given. Furthermore, according to the forming principle presented in this paper, an original incremental prototype equipment was designed and manufactured, which is mainly composed of a three-axis computer numerical control (CNC) machine, a flexible supporting system, and a three-dimensional (3D) scanning feedback system. A series of forming experiments focusing on a gradual curvature shape were carried out using this prototype to investigate the feasibility and validity of this forming process.

An Algorithm for a Near Optimal NC Path Generation in Staircase (Lase) Traversal of Convex Polygonal Surfaces

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Kamarthi ◽  
S. T. S. Bukkapatnam ◽  
S. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Path Generation ◽  
Convex Polygons ◽  
Sweep Angle ◽  
Pocket Milling ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents an analytical model of the tool path for staircase traversal of convex polygonal surfaces, and an algorithm—referred to as OPTPATH—developed based on the model to find the sweep angle that gives a near optimal tool path length. The OPTPATH algorithm can be used for staircase traversal with or without (i) overlaps between successive sweep passes, and (ii) rapid traversal along edge passes. This flexibility of OPTPATH renders it applicable not only to conventional operations such as face and pocket milling, but also to other processes such as robotic deburring, rapid prototyping, and robotic spray painting. The effective tool path lengths provided by OPTPATH are compared with those given by the following two algorithms: (i) a common industrial heuristic—referred to as the IH algorithm—and (ii) an algorithm proposed by Prabhu et al. (Prabhu, P. V., Gramopadhye, A. K., and Wang, H. P., 1990, Int. J. Prod. Res., 28, No. 1, pp. 101–130) referred to as PGW algorithm. This comparison is conducted using 100 randomly generated convex polygons of different shapes and a set of seven different tool diameters. It is found that OPTPATH performs better than both the IH as well as PGW algorithms. The superiority of OPTPATH over the two algorithms becomes more pronounced for large tool diameters. [S1087-1357(00)71501-2]

A Control System to Improve the Accuracy of Finished Surfaces in Milling

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Watanabe ◽  
S. Iwai
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Control System ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Adaptive Control System ◽  
Location Error ◽  
Milling Operations ◽  
Finished Surface

Adaptive control to keep the accuracy of the shape of a workpiece within acceptable levels by altering the numerical control commands according to variations of manufacturing process parameters is called “geometric adaptive control.” In this paper, a geometric adaptive control system to compensate for errors in the finished surface due to tool deflection generated by milling operations is presented. The effects of cutting forces upon the shape of the finished surface are analyzed, and the composition of the system is discussed. In the system, the location error and the waviness error at the finished surface are evaluated from the sensed bending moments in the tool. These two errors are compensated for by shifting the tool path and by adjusting the feedrate, respectively. It is verified by experiments that the accuracy of the finished surface is improved significantly by using the system described in cases where the depth of cut varies. Geometric adaptive control is useful even when a workpiece is machined by both rough and finish cuts.

Numerical Control Programming System for Mill-Turn Machining

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 1154-1157
Author(s):  
Chen Hua She ◽  
Jian Yu Lin ◽  
Shen Yung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Programming System ◽  
Nc Program ◽  
Machining System ◽  
The Cost

To develop the numerical control program of mill-turn machine, the traditional method is to apply the computer-aided design and manufacture software to construct the geometric model, then to generate tool path and convert the path to NC program. For complex numerical control program of mill-turn machine, such as the multiple turret synchronized motion machining, because of the need to control time sequence, the NC program is highly required on using of dedicated software system. The objective of this paper is to establish a mill-turn machining system with window interface of via the language of Borland C++ Builder. The developed system can plan the machining path of simple mill-turn features, including turning shape, axial slot milling, and radial packet milling, and generate the corresponding NC program. For the milling functions, after the offset coordinates are calculated along the polygonal angle vector in the center point of cutters, the NC program is generated. For the turning functions, through importing the 2D DXF (Drawing Exchange Format) file and inputting related configurations, the entity coordinates can be retrieved and the corresponding NC program is then converted. By means of the solid cutting simulation software and practical cutting experiment for the generated numerical control program, the accuracy of the tool path generation algorithm is confirmed. Hence, the cost of purchasing commercial software can be saved and the time of generating program can also be decreased so that the working efficiency can be enhanced.

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