scholarly journals Direct Measurement and Modeling of Intraglottal, Subglottal, and Vocal Fold Collision Pressures during Phonation in an Individual with a Hemilaryngectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7256
Author(s):  
Daryush D. Mehta ◽  
James B. Kobler ◽  
Steven M. Zeitels ◽  
Matías Zañartu ◽  
Emiro J. Ibarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Pressure Probe ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Dual Sensor ◽  
The Right ◽  
Collision Pressure

The purpose of this paper is to report on the first in vivo application of a recently developed transoral, dual-sensor pressure probe that directly measures intraglottal, subglottal, and vocal fold collision pressures during phonation. Synchronous measurement of intraglottal and subglottal pressures was accomplished using two miniature pressure sensors mounted on the end of the probe and inserted transorally in a 78-year-old male who had previously undergone surgical removal of his right vocal fold for treatment of laryngeal cancer. The endoscopist used one hand to position the custom probe against the surgically medialized scar band that replaced the right vocal fold and used the other hand to position a transoral endoscope to record laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy of the vibrating left vocal fold contacting the pressure probe. Visualization of the larynx during sustained phonation allowed the endoscopist to place the dual-sensor pressure probe such that the proximal sensor was positioned intraglottally and the distal sensor subglottally. The proximal pressure sensor was verified to be in the strike zone of vocal fold collision during phonation when the intraglottal pressure signal exhibited three characteristics: an impulsive peak at the start of the closed phase, a rounded peak during the open phase, and a minimum value around zero immediately preceding the impulsive peak of the subsequent phonatory cycle. Numerical voice production modeling was applied to validate model-based predictions of vocal fold collision pressure using kinematic vocal fold measures. The results successfully demonstrated feasibility of in vivo measurement of vocal fold collision pressure in an individual with a hemilaryngectomy, motivating ongoing data collection that is designed to aid in the development of vocal dose measures that incorporate vocal fold impact collision and stresses.

scholarly journals Toward Development of a Vocal Fold Contact Pressure Probe: Bench-Top Validation of a Dual-Sensor Probe Using Excised Human Larynx Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryush D. Mehta ◽  
James B. Kobler ◽  
Steven M. Zeitels ◽  
Matías Zañartu ◽  
Byron D. Erath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Sustained Oscillation ◽  
Pressure Probe ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Dual Sensor ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Collision Pressure

A critical element in understanding voice production mechanisms is the characterization of vocal fold collision, which is widely considered a primary etiological factor in the development of common phonotraumatic lesions such as nodules and polyps. This paper describes the development of a transoral, dual-sensor intraglottal/subglottal pressure probe for the simultaneous measurement of vocal fold collision and subglottal pressures during phonation using two miniature sensors positioned 7.6 mm apart at the distal end of a rigid cannula. Proof-of-concept testing was performed using excised whole-mount and hemilarynx human tissue aerodynamically driven into self-sustained oscillation, with systematic variation of the superior–inferior positioning of the vocal fold collision sensor. In the hemilarynx experiment, signals from the pressure sensors were synchronized with an acoustic microphone, a tracheal-surface accelerometer, and two high-speed video cameras recording at 4000 frames per second for top–down and en face imaging of the superior and medial vocal fold surfaces, respectively. As expected, the intraglottal pressure signal exhibited an impulse-like peak when vocal fold contact occurred, followed by a broader peak associated with intraglottal pressure build-up during the de-contacting phase. As subglottal pressure was increased, the peak amplitude of the collision pressure increased and typically reached a value below that of the average subglottal pressure. Results provide important baseline vocal fold collision pressure data with which computational models of voice production can be developed and in vivo measurements can be referenced.

scholarly journals Vocal Fold Augmentation with Beta Glucan Hydrogel Cross-Linked byγIrradiation for Enhanced Duration of Effect:In VivoAnimal Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Mook Lim ◽  
Bo Hae Kim ◽  
Hee-Bok Kim ◽  
EunJi Park ◽  
Seok-Won Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
The Right

This study explored a novel strategy to restore the vocal gap by using cross-linkedβ-glucan hydrogel byγ-irradiation. An aqueous solution of 5 wt%β-glucan was prepared and cross-linked using60Coγirradiation. Ten nude mice were injected with 0.8 mL of irradiatedβ-glucan on the left back and the same volume of nonirradiatedβ-glucan on the right back for comparison. The mice were sacrificed at 1 and 2 weeks after injection and histological evaluations were performed. Irradiatedβ-glucan demonstrated a significantly larger volume than nonirradiatedβ-glucan in the back of nude mice with less inflammatory reaction. After unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve section in New Zealand White rabbits, irradiated and nonirradiatedβ-glucan were injected into paralyzed vocal folds. Irradiatedβ-glucan remained at the paralyzed vocal fold without definite inflammatory signs on endoscopy. High-speed recordings of vocal fold vibration showed decreased vocal gap in irradiated group compared to nonirradiated group. Histologically, the laryngeal epithelium and lamina propria remained intact, without inflammatory cell infiltration. Our newly developed injection material, irradiatedβ-glucan, showed excellent biocompatibility and remained longer than nonirradiatedβ-glucanin vivo, suggesting irradiated hydrogels as a new therapeutic approach that may be useful for the long-term treatment of vocal fold palsy.

scholarly journals Toward Development of a Vocal Fold Contact Pressure Probe: Sensor Characterization and Validation Using Synthetic Vocal Fold Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Motie-Shirazi ◽  
Matías Zañartu ◽  
Sean D. Peterson ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta ◽  
James B. Kobler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Pressure Probe ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Sensor Position ◽  
Probe Sensor ◽  
Contact Pressures

Excessive vocal fold collision pressures during phonation are considered to play a primary role in the formation of benign vocal fold lesions, such as nodules. The ability to accurately and reliably acquire intraglottal pressure has the potential to provide unique insights into the pathophysiology of phonotrauma. Difficulties arise, however, in directly measuring vocal fold contact pressures due to physical intrusion from the sensor that may disrupt the contact mechanics, as well as difficulty in determining probe/sensor position relative to the contact location. These issues are quantified and addressed through the implementation of a novel approach for identifying the timing and location of vocal fold contact, and measuring intraglottal and vocal fold contact pressures via a pressure probe embedded in the wall of a hemi-laryngeal flow facility. The accuracy and sensitivity of the pressure measurements are validated against ground truth values. Application to in vivo approaches are assessed by acquiring intraglottal and VF contact pressures using a synthetic, self-oscillating vocal fold model in a hemi-laryngeal configuration, where the sensitivity of the measured intraglottal and vocal fold contact pressure relative to the sensor position is explored.

Airflow Characterization Combined With 3D Reconstruction of Rabbit Vocal Cord Based on In-Vivo Phonatory Experiments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhipeng Lou ◽  
Junshi Wang ◽  
James J. Daniero ◽  
Haibo Dong ◽  
Jinxiang Xi
Keyword(s):  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
High Speed ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Immersed Boundary ◽  
Vibration Modes

Abstract In this paper, a numerical approach combined with experiments is employed to characterize the airflow through the vocal cord. Rabbits are used to perform in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments and the MRI scan data are directly imposed for the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of a 3D high-fidelity model. The vibration modes are observed via the in vivo high-speed videoendoscopy (HSVM) technique, and the time-dependent glottal height is evaluated dynamically for the validation of the 3D reconstruction model. 72 sets of rabbit in vivo high-speed recordings are evaluated to achieve the most common vibration mode. The reconstruction is mainly based on MRI data and the HSVM records are supporting and validate the 3D model. A sharp-interface immersed-boundary-method (IBM)-based compressible flow solver is employed to compute the airflow. The primary purpose of the computational effort is to characterize the influence of the vocal folds that applied to the airflow and the airflow-induced phonation. The vocal fold kinematics and the vibration modes are quantified and the vortex structures are analyzed under the influence of vocal folds. The results have shown significant effects of the vocal fold height on the vortex structure, vorticity and velocity. The reconstructed 3D model from this work helps to bring insight into further understanding of the rabbit phonation mechanism. The results provide potential improvement for diagnosis of human vocal fold dysfunction and phonation disorder.

Noncontact Determination of the Mechanical Properties of the Human Vocal Folds

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Deguchi ◽  
Kazutaka Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
In Vitro Measurements ◽  
Excited Oscillation

Mechanical properties of the vocal folds (such as stiffness or viscoelastic properties) play an essential role in phonation. They affect not only voice quality but also onset threshold of vocal fold self-excited oscillation, a sound source of voice [1]. Many experimental data on the mechanical properties have been reported so far, in which in vitro [2] or in vivo measurement techniques [3] were employed. In vitro measurements give us detailed information on the mechanical properties, yet it would be required to consider possible loss of freshness of the specimen. Meanwhile, current in vivo measurement methods utilize a thin probe to deform the vocal fold tissue located at the back of the throat and hence need technical skills for the surveyor to successfully obtain its loading-deformation relationship.

Lung volumes and distribution of regional air content determined by cine X-ray CT of pneumonectomized rabbits

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1774-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Olson ◽  
E. A. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Lung Volume ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Content ◽  
The Right

Lung volume, gradients in lung air content, and maximum in vivo lung dimensions were determined in rabbits in the prone, supine, and right and left lateral positions with a high-speed electron beam X-ray computed tomography scanner (Imatron C-100). Measurements were made at lung volumes corresponding to tracheal pressures of 0, 10, and 25 cmH2O. Three groups of rabbits were studied > or = 8 wk after surgery: sham-operated controls, left pneumonectomized, and left pneumonectomized with wax plombage. The magnitudes of the gradients in each direction (lung, length, width, and height) depended on lung volume and body position. The vertical gradient in air content was the largest in each group in each posture. In general, pneumonectomy did not influence the effects of the prone and supine positions on lung volume and volume distribution but did influence the effects of the right and left lateral positions on those variables. These results may be attributed to the variable effects of the mediastinal and abdominal contents on regional distending pressures.

scholarly journals In vivo measurement of vocal fold surface resistance

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (10) ◽  
pp. E364-E370
Author(s):  
Masanobu Mizuta ◽  
Takashi Kurita ◽  
Neal P. Dillon ◽  
Emily E. Kimball ◽  
C. Gaelyn Garrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Surface Resistance ◽  
In Vivo Measurement

New Approach to Assess in Vivo Rearfoot Control of Court Footwear during Side-Stepping Moves

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Lafortune
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
New Approach ◽  
High Speed Video ◽  
High Discrimination

Miniature pressure sensors and high-speed video were used to assess the lateral support and stability of court footwear during in vivo performance of lateral side-stepping moves. Two distinct types of court footwear construction were evaluated and were found to differ by approximately 100% and 200% in lateral support and stability, respectively. The heel control index that combined both parameters revealed differences exceeding 425%. A comparison of shoes that differed only in one construction feature produced similar trends. These overall results suggest that the combined high-speed video/pressure approach allows high discrimination of footwear rearfoot control properties during in vivo simulated playing conditions. The specific experimental results suggest that footwear designed for court sports exhibits considerable differences in foot support and stability. Furthermore, it was found that some construction features could improve these properties in court footwear.

scholarly journals Do Muscle Synergies Improve Optimization Prediction of Muscle Activations During Gait?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Michaud ◽  
Mohammad S. Shourijeh ◽  
Benjamin J. Fregly ◽  
Javier Cuadrado
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Disorders ◽  
Muscle Synergy ◽  
Exact Matching ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Static Optimization ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Moment Arms ◽  
Muscle Activations ◽  
The Right

AbstractDetermination of muscle forces during motion can help to understand motor control, assess pathological movement, diagnose neuromuscular disorders, or estimate joint loads. Difficulty of in vivo measurement made computational analysis become a common alternative in which, as several muscles serve each degree of freedom, the muscle redundancy problem must be solved. Unlike static optimization (SO), synergy optimization (SynO) couples muscle activations across all time frames, thereby altering estimated muscle co-contraction. This study explores whether the use of a muscle synergy structure within a static optimization framework improves prediction of muscle activations during walking. A motion/force/EMG gait analysis was performed on five healthy subjects. A musculoskeletal model of the right leg actuated by 43 Hill-type muscles was scaled to each subject and used to calculate joint moments, muscle-tendon kinematics and moment arms. Muscle activations were then estimated using SynO with two to six synergies and traditional SO, and these estimates were compared with EMG measurements. SynO neither improved SO prediction of experimental activation patterns nor provided SO exact matching of joint moments. Finally, synergy analysis was performed on SO estimated activations, being found that the reconstructed activations produced poor matching of experimental activations and joint moments. As conclusion, it can be said that, although SynO did not improve prediction of muscle activations during gait, its reduced dimensional control space could be beneficial for applications such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) or motion control and prediction.

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