scholarly journals Investigations of Muon Flux Variations Detected Using Veto Detectors of the Digital Gamma-rays Spectrometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 7916
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Gorzkiewicz ◽  
Jerzy W. Mietelski ◽  
Zbigniew Ustrnul ◽  
Piotr Homola ◽  
Renata Kierepko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Flux Intensity ◽  
Flux Monitoring ◽  
Plastic Scintillators ◽  
Active Shield ◽  
Term Monitoring

This paper presents the results of cosmic ray muons flux monitoring registered by a digital gamma-ray spectrometer’s active shield made of five large plastic scintillators. In traditional, i.e., analogue active shields working in anticoincidence mode with germanium detectors, the generated data are used only as a gating signal and are not stored. However, thanks to digital acquisition applied in designed novel gamma-ray spectrometers enabling offline studies, it has not only become possible to use generated data to reduce the germanium detector background (cosmic rays veto system) but also to initialize long-term monitoring of the muon flux intensity. Furthermore, various analyses methods prove the relevance of the acquired data. Fourier analyses revealed the presence of daily (24 h), near-monthly (27 days) and over bi-monthly (68 days) cycles.

scholarly journals Low-background, digital gamma-ray spectrometer with BEGe detector and active shield: commissioning, optimisation and software development

2019 ◽  
Vol 322 (3) ◽  
pp. 1311-1321
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Gorzkiewicz ◽  
Jerzy Wojciech Mietelski ◽  
Renata Kierepko ◽  
Kamil Brudecki
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Low Background ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Annihilation Peak ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Plastic Scintillators ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Active Shield ◽  
Broad Energy

Abstract This paper presents results of the development process of low-background, digital gamma-rays spectrometer equipped with Broad Energy Germanium detector (CANBERRA BE5030), multi-layer passive shield and cosmic veto system that consists of five plastic scintillators (SCIONIX EJ-200). Data acquisition is performed using digitizer CAEN DT5725 with CoMPASS software. Output data analysis is carried out with purposely written and developed code VETO. On the basis of conducted tests, acquisition parameters were set up and tuned as well as time delays between all detectors were established. As a result of the configuration process, the mean background counts reduction of 64% in the whole spectrum and 65% in annihilation peak were achieved. This procedure allowed diminishing detection limits of selected isotopes 37% on average.

scholarly journals Long-Term Monitoring of Radiocesium Concentration in Sediments and River Water along Five Rivers in Minami-Soma City during 2012–2016 Following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Shizuma ◽  
Wim Ikbal Nursal ◽  
Yushi Sakurai
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
137Cs Concentration ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
High Accumulation ◽  
Ge Detector ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Radiocesium monitoring in sediments and river water has been conducted along five rivers in Minami-Soma City during 2012–2016 to clarify the temporal changes of radiocesium contamination in these rivers. Sampling has been performed annually under normal flow conditions. Sediment and river water samples were collected from four or five sampling sites along each river. Gamma-ray measurements of sediments were performed using a low-background Ge detector and unfiltered river water was utilized to determine radiocesium concentration using a well-type Ge detector. The 137Cs concentration in sediments was highest at upstream sites and slowly decreased to downstream sites for all rivers reflecting the high radioactive contamination in the upstream area. Temporal decrease of the 137Cs concentration was observed in sediments and river water for each river. The effective half-lives were 1.3–2.1 y for sediments, and 0.9–2.1 y for river water from rivers with upstream dams. On the undammed river, the effective half-lives were 4.7 y and 3.7 y for sediment and river water, respectively. Much longer effective-half-lives might reflect the direct transfer of radiocesium from forests and plains to the river. The 137Cs concentration in riverbed was low in downstream areas, however, accumulation of 137Cs over the floodplain was observed. Rapid decrease of 137Cs contamination through rivers will put residents at ease, but high accumulation of radiocesium over floodplains should be noted for future river decontamination.

scholarly journals VHE observations of binary systems performed with the MAGIC telescopes

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1844010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia López-Oramas ◽  
Oscar Blanch ◽  
Emma de Oña Wilhelmi ◽  
Alba Fernández-Barral ◽  
Daniela Hadasch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Systems ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Optical Observations ◽  
Ss 433 ◽  
High Energies ◽  
New Type ◽  
Gamma Ray Emitters ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Very High

The improvement on the Imaging Air Cherenkov Technique (IACT) led to the discovery of a new type of sources that can emit at very high energies: the gamma-ray binaries. Only six systems are part of this exclusive class. We summarize the latest results from the observations performed with the MAGIC telescopes on different systems as the gamma-ray binary LS I [Formula: see text]303 and the microquasars SS 433, V404 Cygni and Cygnus X-1, which are considered potential VHE gamma-ray emitters. The binary system LS I [Formula: see text] 303 has been observed by MAGIC in a long-term monitoring campaign. We show the newest results of our search for super-orbital variability also in context of contemporaneous optical observations. Besides, we will present the results of the only super-critical accretor known in our galaxy: SS 433. We will introduce the VHE results achieved with MAGIC after 100[Formula: see text]h of observations on the microquasar Cygnus X-1 and report on the microquasar V404 Cyg, which has been observed with MAGIC after it went through a series of exceptional X-ray outbursts in June 2015.

LONG-TERM MONITORING OF THE HARD X-RAY/GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM GALACTIC BLACK HOLES WITH BATSE

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. CASE ◽  
E. ANZALONE ◽  
M.L. CHERRY ◽  
J. C. RODI ◽  
J. C. LING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Gamma Ray Emission ◽  
Term Monitoring

scholarly journals Discovery of a retrogradely rotating neutron star in the X-ray pulsar GX 301–2

2020 ◽  
Vol 494 (2) ◽  
pp. 2178-2182
Author(s):  
Juhani Mönkkönen ◽  
Victor Doroshenko ◽  
Sergey S Tsygankov ◽  
Armin Nabizadeh ◽  
Pavel Abolmasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Star ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Orbital Motion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spin Evolution ◽  
Ultimate Result ◽  
Term Monitoring ◽  
Direction Opposite ◽  
Principal Possibility

ABSTRACT We report on the analysis of the spin evolution of a slow X-ray pulsar GX 301–2 along the orbit using long-term monitoring by Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor. Based on the observationally confirmed accretion scenario and an analytical model for the accretion of angular momentum, we demonstrate that in this system, the neutron star spins retrogradely, that is, in a direction opposite to the orbital motion. This first-of-a-kind discovery of such a system proves the principal possibility of retrograde rotation in accreting systems with suitable accretion torque, and might have profound consequences for our understanding of the spin evolution of X-ray pulsars, estimates of their initial spin periods, and the ultimate result of their evolution.

ON THE POSSIBILITY TO SIMULTANEOUSLY DETERMINE THE LONG-TERM AVERAGE FLUXES OF SOLAR pp-NEUTRINOS AND COSMIC RAY MUONS

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 1267-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. ANICIN ◽  
V. PEJOVIĆ ◽  
M. K. PAVIĆEVIĆ ◽  
G. AMTHAUER ◽  
B. BOEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Solar Neutrino ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Capture Reaction ◽  
Muons And Neutrinos

The Allchar mine in the southern FYR Macedonia contains the world's largest known concentration of thallium bearing minerals. LOREX (acronym for the geo-chemical LORandite EXperiment) is an international collaboration exploring the opportunity to use the rare mineral lorandite ( TlAsS 2) for the determination of the solar pp-neutrino flux, averaged over the 4.3 million year age of the deposit. Here we discuss the possibility to determine simultaneously both the solar neutrino and the cosmic ray muon flux, averaged over the same period of time. Cosmic-ray muons participate in the reaction 205 Tl (μp, n)205 Pb , whereas the neutrinos induce the capture reaction 205 Tl (νe, e)205 Pb * → 205 Pb . Both fluxes can in principle be determined by counting the number of atoms of the long-lived 205 Pb present in the mineral, produced by both muons and neutrinos in the reactions with the most abundant stable isotope, 205 Tl .

scholarly journals Design Study of an Underground Detector for Measurements of the Differential Muon Flux

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Mitrica
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Muon Flux ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Important Variation ◽  
Directional Variation ◽  
Underground Detector ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Plastic Scintillators ◽  
Mobile Frame ◽  
Differential Flux

Since 2006 an underground laboratory is in operation in Unirea salt mine from Slanic Prahova Romania. A new rotatable detector for measurements of the directional variation of the muon flux has been designed and will be put in operation at the end of 2013. The detector will be used to investigate the possible presence of unknown cavities in the salt ore. Preliminary muon flux measurements performed in the underground of Slanic Prahova salt mine show an important variation of the flux with the thickness of the rock but indicate also that more precise data are necessary. Based on that, a modern detector using 4 layers of plastic scintillators bars has been designed. The detector is installed on a rotatable and mobile frame which allows precise directional measurements of the muon flux on different locations in the mine. In order to investigate the performances of the detector, detailed Monte Carlo simulations have been performed using several codes available on the market. The simulations show that the detector can be used for measurements of the differential flux of cosmic ray muons and for the detection of hidden cavities in the ore.

scholarly journals Using Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probes to Monitor Landscape Scale Soil Water Content in Mixed Land Use Agricultural Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trenton E. Franz ◽  
Ammar Wahbi ◽  
Mariette Vreugdenhil ◽  
Georg Weltin ◽  
Lee Heng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

With an ever-increasing demand for natural resources and the societal need to understand and predict natural disasters, soil water content (SWC) observations remain a critical variable to monitor in order to optimally allocate resources, establish early warning systems, and improve weather forecasts. However, routine agricultural production practices of soil cultivation, planting, and harvest make the operation and maintenance of direct contact point sensors for long-term monitoring challenging. In this work, we explore the use of the newly established Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probe (CRNP) and method to monitor landscape average SWC in a mixed agricultural land use system in northeast Austria. The calibrated CRNP landscape SWC values compare well against an independentin situSWC probe network (MAE = 0.0286 m3/m3) given the challenge of continuousin situmonitoring from probes across a heterogeneous agricultural landscape. The ability of the CRNP to provide real-time and accurate landscape SWC measurements makes it an ideal method for establishing long-term monitoring sites in agricultural ecosystems to aid in agricultural water and nutrient management decisions at the small tract of land scale as well as aiding in management decisions at larger scales.

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