scholarly journals The Framework of 6G Self-Evolving Networks and the Decision-Making Scheme for Massive IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9353
Author(s):  
Bei Liu ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
Xin Su
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Evolving Networks ◽  
Distributed Decision Making ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Autonomous Decision ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Smart Traffic ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The increasingly huge amount of device connections will transform the Internet of Things (IoT) into the massive IoT. The use cases of massive IoT consist of the smart city, digital agriculture, smart traffic, etc., in which the service requirements are different and even constantly changing. To fulfill the different requirements, the networks must be able to automatically adjust the network configuration, architectures, resource allocations, and other network parameters according to the different scenarios to match the different service requirements in massive IoT, which are beyond the abilities of the fifth generation (5G) networks. Moreover, the sixth generation (6G) networks are expected to have endogenous intelligence, which can well support the massive IoT application scenarios. In this paper, we first propose the framework of the 6G self-evolving networks, in which the autonomous decision-making is one of the vital parts. Then, we introduce the autonomous decision-making methods and analyze the characteristics of the different methods and mechanisms for 6G networks. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we consider one of the typical scenarios of massive IoT and propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-based distributed decision-making algorithm to solve the problem of the offloading policy and the network resource allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed decision-making algorithm with the self-evolving networks can improve the quality of experience (QoE) compared with the lower training.

scholarly journals IoT and UAV Integration in 5G Hybrid Terrestrial-Satellite Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Marchese ◽  
Aya Moheddine ◽  
Fabio Patrone
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Satellite Networks ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Terrestrial Network ◽  
Scalable Network ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Fifth Generation of Mobile Communications (5G) will lead to the growth of use cases demanding higher capacity and a enhanced data rate, a lower latency, and a more flexible and scalable network able to offer better user Quality of Experience (QoE). The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of these use cases. It has been spreading in the recent past few years, and it covers a wider range of possible application scenarios, such as smart city, smart factory, and smart agriculture, among many others. However, the limitations of the terrestrial network hinder the deployment of IoT devices and services. Besides, the existence of a plethora of different solutions (short vs. long range, commercialized vs. standardized, etc.), each of them based on different communication protocols and, in some cases, on different access infrastructures, makes the integration among them and with the upcoming 5G infrastructure more difficult. This paper discusses the huge set of IoT solutions available or still under standardization that will need to be integrated in the 5G framework. UAVs and satellites will be proposed as possible solutions to ease this integration, overcoming the limitations of the terrestrial infrastructure, such as the limited covered areas and the densification of the number of IoT devices per square kilometer.

scholarly journals A Multi-Agent Gamification System for Managing Smart Homes

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Winnicka ◽  
Karolina Kęsik ◽  
Dawid Połap ◽  
Marcin Woźniak ◽  
Zbigniew Marszałek
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Entire Solution ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Rapid development and conducted experiments in the field of the introduction the fifth generation of the mobile network standard allow for the flourishing of the Internet of Things. This is one of the most important reasons to design and test systems that can be implemented to increase the quality of our lives. In this paper, we propose a system model for managing tasks in smart homes using multi-agent solutions. The proposed solution organizes work and distributes tasks to individual family members. An additional advantage is the introduction of gamification, not only between household members, but also between families. The solution was tested to simulate the entire solution as well as the individual components that make up the system. The proposal is described with regard to the possibility of implementing smart homes in future projects.

scholarly journals A Perspective on Terahertz Next-Generation Wireless Communications

Technologies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. O’Hara ◽  
Sabit Ekin ◽  
Wooyeol Choi ◽  
Ickhyun Song
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Terahertz Devices ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Dramatic Growth

In the past year, fifth-generation (5G) wireless technology has seen dramatic growth, spurred on by the continuing demand for faster data communications with lower latency. At the same time, many researchers argue that 5G will be inadequate in a short time, given the explosive growth of machine connectivity, such as the Internet-of-Things (IoT). This has prompted many to question what comes after 5G. The obvious answer is sixth-generation (6G), however, the substance of 6G is still very much undefined, leaving much to the imagination in terms of real-world implementation. What is clear, however, is that the next generation will likely involve the use of terahertz frequency (0.1–10 THz) electromagnetic waves. Here, we review recent research in terahertz wireless communications and technology, focusing on three broad topic classes: the terahertz channel, terahertz devices, and space-based terahertz system considerations. In all of these, we describe the nature of the research, the specific challenges involved, and current research findings. We conclude by providing a brief perspective on the path forward.

scholarly journals Cooperative Loitering Munition Swarm Online Patrolling Route Planning with Nonlinear Seeker Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Haifeng Ling ◽  
Hongchuan Luo ◽  
Linyuan Bai ◽  
Tao Zhu ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cooperative Control ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Nonlinear Property ◽  
Airborne Radar ◽  
Autonomous Decision ◽  
Non Gaussian

With the development of autonomous systems, the operational use of loitering munition is shifting from the following of a preplanned fixed route without communication to smart decision-making and collaborative cooperation with sharing information. In this paper, we study the autonomous decision-making and cooperative control strategy of online patrolling for a swarm of loitering munitions using communication to coordinate their route based on maximizing the information they gathered in the operation region. Taking the non-Gaussian nonlinear property of airborne radar seeker into account, we utilized a particle filter-based method to evaluate or to predict the information quality of each action candidate. We also implemented a coordinate descent scheme to enable a distributed and scalable swarm decision-making. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides a better estimation than baselines without the need for external or centralized decision agent.

scholarly journals Smart Campus: Trends in cybersecurity and future development

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brayan Sánchez-Torres ◽  
Jesús Alberto Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Dewar Willmer Rico-Bautista ◽  
César D. Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Smart Campus ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Smart Campus is an entity of any kind that uses technology and infrastructure to support and improve its processes, so people can use them better. This paper reviews the literature to contextualize the Internet of Things and its vital importance for the Smart Campus, as well as its relationship with the concepts of cybersecurity and wireless sensor network. We describe the various interrelationships, tendencies, and future development of a Smart Campus, as well as the differences and similarities with the emerging concept of Smart University. This review revealed that the Internet of Things is involved in all fields and can influence and improve the university’s processes to contribute to decision-making, technological development, and academic learning. To conclude, Smart University focuses on improving the infrastructure of universities through technology, with the main purpose of enhancing the quality of the education provided by institutions.

scholarly journals Quasi-Mapping and Satisfying IoT Availability with a Penalty-Based Algorithm

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 3286
Author(s):  
Amir Masoud Rahmani ◽  
Rizwan Ali Ali Naqvi ◽  
Saqib Ali ◽  
Seyedeh Yasaman Hosseini Hosseini Mirmahaleh ◽  
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Intelligent Algorithm ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of things and medical things (IoT) and (IoMT) technologies have been deployed to simplify humanity’s life, which the complexity of communications between their layers was increased by rising joining the applications to IoT and IoMT-based infrastructures. The issue is challenging for decision-making and the quality of service where some researchers addressed the reward-based methods to tackle the problems by employing reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms and deep neural networks (DNNs). Nevertheless, satisfying its availability remains a challenge for the quality of service due to the lack of imposing a penalty to the defective devices after detecting faults. This paper proposes a quasi-mapping method to transfer the roles of sensors and services onto a neural network’s nodes to satisfy IoT-based applications’ availability using a penalty-backwarding approach into the NN’s weights and prunes weak neurons and synaptic weights (SWs). We reward the sensors and fog services, and the connection weights between them when are covered the defective nodes’ output. Additionally, this work provides a decision-making approach to dedicate the suitable service to the requester using employing a threshold value in the NN’s output layer according to the application. By providing an intelligent algorithm, the study decides to provide a service based on its availability and updating initial information, including faulty devices and new joined components. The observations and results prove decision-making accuracy for different IoT-based applications by approximately 95.8–97% without imposing the cost. The study reduces energy consumption and delay by approximately 64.71% and 47.4% compared without using neural networks besides creating service availability. This idea affects deploying IoT infrastructures to decision-making about providing appropriate services in critical situations because of removing defective devices and joining new components by imposing penalties and rewards by the designer, respectively.

scholarly journals Smart Campus: Trends in cybersecurity and future development

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brayan Sánchez-Torres ◽  
Jesús Alberto Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Dewar Willmer Rico-Bautista ◽  
César D. Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Smart Campus ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Smart Campus is an entity of any kind that uses technology and infrastructure to support and improve its processes, so people can use them better. This paper reviews the literature to contextualize the Internet of Things and its vital importance for the Smart Campus, as well as its relationship with the concepts of cybersecurity and wireless sensor network. We describe the various interrelationships, tendencies, and future development of a Smart Campus, as well as the differences and similarities with the emerging concept of Smart University. This review revealed that the Internet of Things is involved in all fields and can influence and improve the university’s processes to contribute to decision-making, technological development, and academic learning. To conclude, Smart University focuses on improving the infrastructure of universities through technology, with the main purpose of enhancing the quality of the education provided by institutions.

Quality of information measures for autonomous decision-making

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Prasanth ◽  
J. Cabrera ◽  
J. Amin ◽  
R. Mehra ◽  
R. Purtell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Information Measures ◽  
Autonomous Decision

Evaluation of the Academic Setting in Spain 1This study was financed by the University of Oviedo.

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Fernández ◽  
Miguel A. Mateo ◽  
José Muñiz
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Climate ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Academic Setting ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Evaluation Questionnaire ◽  
University Teachers ◽  
The University

The conditions are investigated in which Spanish university teachers carry out their teaching and research functions. 655 teachers from the University of Oviedo took part in this study by completing the Academic Setting Evaluation Questionnaire (ASEQ). Of the three dimensions assessed in the ASEQ, Satisfaction received the lowest ratings, Social Climate was rated higher, and Relations with students was rated the highest. These results are similar to those found in two studies carried out in the academic years 1986/87 and 1989/90. Their relevance for higher education is twofold because these data can be used as a complement of those obtained by means of students' opinions, and the crossing of both types of data can facilitate decision making in order to improve the quality of the work (teaching and research) of the university institutions.

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