scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Epilobium amurense subsp. cephalostigma via Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and Inhibition of NF-κB/p38 MAPK Signaling in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11715
Author(s):  
Se-Yun Cheon ◽  
Hyun-Ae Kang ◽  
Bo-Ram Jin ◽  
Hyo-Jung Kim ◽  
Yea-Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
No Production ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The genus Epilobium consists of approximately 200 species that are distributed worldwide. Some of these herbs have been used for the treatment of diarrhea, infection, irritation, and other disorders associated with inflammation. Unlike that of other Epilobium species, there is little scientific understanding of the pharmacological effect of Epilobium amurense subsp. cephalostigma (Hausskn.) C. J. Chen, Hoch & P. H. Raven. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of an E. amurense 95% ethanol extract (EACEE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and observed the underlying mechanism of this effect. We measured the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species, and examined the actions of EACEE on transcription factors in the macrophages. EACEE reduced NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein levels via the inhibition of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. Additionally, EACEE suppressed redundant reactive oxygen species production and regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling. Furthermore, EACEE significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Overall, these results indicate that EACEE exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects via the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of NF-κB/p38 MAPK signaling.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Epilobium Amurense Subsp. Cephalostigma (Hausskn.) C. J. Chen, Hoch & P. H. Raven via Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and Inhibition of NF-κB/p38 MAPK Signaling in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Yun Cheon ◽  
Hyun-Ae Kang ◽  
Bo-Ram Jin ◽  
Yea-Jin Park ◽  
Hyo-Jung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Abstract Background: The genus Epilobium consists of approximately 200 species that are distributed worldwide. Some of these herbs have been used for the treatment of diarrhea, infection, irritation, and other disorders associated with inflammation. Unlike that of other Epilobium species, there is little scientific understanding of the pharmacological effect of Epilobium amurense subsp. cephalostigma (Hausskn.) C. J. Chen, Hoch & P. H. Raven. Methods: In this study, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of an E. amurense 95% ethanol extract (EACEE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and observed the underlying mechanism of this effect. We measured the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species, and examined the actions of EACEE on transcription factors in the macrophages.Results: EACEE reduced NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein levels via the inhibition of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. Additionally, EACEE suppressed redundant reactive oxygen species production and regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling. Furthermore, EACEE significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Conclusions: Overall, these results indicate that EACEE exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects via the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of NF-κB/p38 MAPK signaling.

scholarly journals Resveratrol induces acute endothelium-dependent renal vasodilation mediated through nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species scavenging

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (5) ◽  
pp. F542-F550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Gordish ◽  
William H. Beierwaltes
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Basal Blood Pressure ◽  
Control Response ◽  
Renal Vascular ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Resveratrol is suggested to have beneficial cardiovascular and renoprotective effects. Resveratrol increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. We hypothesized resveratrol acts as an acute renal vasodilator, mediated through increased NO production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In anesthetized rats, we found 5.0 mg/kg body weight (bw) of resveratrol increased renal blood flow (RBF) by 8% [from 6.98 ± 0.42 to 7.54 ± 0.17 ml·min−1·gram of kidney weight−1 (gkw); n = 8; P < 0.002] and decreased renal vascular resistance (RVR) by 18% from 15.00 ± 1.65 to 12.32 ± 1.20 arbitrary resistance units (ARU; P < 0.002). To test the participation of NO, we administered 5.0 mg/kg bw resveratrol before and after 10 mg/kg bw of the NOS inhibitor N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). l-NAME reduced the increase in RBF to resveratrol by 54% (from 0.59 ± 0.05 to 0.27 ± 0.06 ml·min−1·gkw−1; n = 10; P < 0.001). To test the participation of ROS, we gave 5.0 mg/kg bw resveratrol before and after 1 mg/kg bw tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic. Resveratrol increased RBF 7.6% (from 5.91 ± 0.32 to 6.36 ± 0.12 ml·min−1·gkw−1; n = 7; P < 0.001) and decreased RVR 19% (from 18.83 ± 1.37 to 15.27 ± 1.37 ARU). Tempol blocked resveratrol-induced increase in RBF (from 0.45 ± 0.12 to 0.10 ± 0.05 ml·min−1·gkw−1; n = 7; P < 0.03) and the decrease in RVR posttempol was 44% of the control response (3.56 ± 0.34 vs. 1.57 ± 0.21 ARU; n = 7; P < 0.006). We also tested the role of endothelium-derived prostanoids. Two days of 10 mg/kg bw indomethacin pretreatment did not alter basal blood pressure or RBF. Resveratrol-induced vasodilation remained unaffected. We conclude intravenous resveratrol acts as an acute renal vasodilator, partially mediated by increased NO production/NO bioavailability and superoxide scavenging but not by inducing vasodilatory cyclooxygenase products.

Ventilatory muscle activation and inflammation: cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 1687-1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodoros Vassilakopoulos ◽  
Sabah N. A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Diaphragmatic Muscle

Strenuous diaphragmatic contractions that are induced by inspiratory resistive breathing initiate an inflammatory response that involves the elevation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines within the diaphragm, which may then spill into the circulation. The production of reactive oxygen species within working respiratory muscles increases in response to these strenuous diaphragmatic contractions. At the same time, diaphragmatic nitric oxide (NO) production declines significantly, despite a time-dependent increase in NO synthase isoform protein expression. The increase in adhesion molecule expression and infiltration of granulocytes and macrophages that follows may contribute to the contraction-induced diaphragm injury. Enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress augmentation, reduced NO production, and glycogen depletion are potential stimuli for the cytokine induction that is secondary to strenuous diaphragmatic contractions. This production of cytokines within the diaphragm may contribute to the diaphragmatic muscle fiber injury that occurs with strenuous contractions or to the expected repair process. TNF-α is a cytokine that compromises diaphragmatic contractility and may contribute to muscle wasting. IL-6 is a cytokine that may have beneficial systemic effects by mobilizing glucose from the liver and free fatty acids from the adipose tissue and providing them to the strenuously working respiratory muscles. Thus cytokine upregulation within the working diaphragm may be adaptive and maladaptive.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Dispersions of C60, C70 and Gd@C82 Fullerenes on Genes Involved in Oxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6130
Author(s):  
Elena V. Proskurnina ◽  
Ivan V. Mikheev ◽  
Ekaterina A. Savinova ◽  
Elizaveta S. Ershova ◽  
Natalia N. Veiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Aqueous Dispersions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Fullerenes and metallofullerenes can be considered promising nanopharmaceuticals themselves and as a basis for chemical modification. As reactive oxygen species homeostasis plays a vital role in cells, the study of their effect on genes involved in oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory responses are of particular importance. Methods: Human fetal lung fibroblasts were incubated with aqueous dispersions of C60, C70, and Gd@C82 in concentrations of 5 nM and 1.5 µM for 1, 3, 24, and 72 h. Cell viability, intracellular ROS, NOX4, NFκB, PRAR-γ, NRF2, heme oxygenase 1, and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 expression have been studied. Results & conclusion: The aqueous dispersions of C60, C70, and Gd@C82 fullerenes are active participants in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Low and high concentrations of aqueous fullerene dispersions (AFD) have similar effects. C70 was the most inert substance, C60 was the most active substance. All AFDs have both “prooxidant” and “antioxidant” effects but with a different balance. Gd@C82 was a substance with more pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while C70 had more pronounced “prooxidant” properties.

Benzophenone Esters and Sulfonates: Synthesis and their Potential as Antiinflammatory Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-174
Author(s):  
Arshia ◽  
Almas Jabeen ◽  
Aisha Faheem ◽  
Khalid M. Khan ◽  
Shazia Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Sulfonyl Chloride ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
No Production ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

Background: Inflammation is a biological rejoinder of vascular tissues against destructive agents e.g. irritants, damaged cell or pathogens. During inflammation, respiratory burst occurs by activated phagocytes which help to destroy invading pathogens. Phagocytic cells such as neutrophils and macrophages are one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Normally, the redox environment is maintained by various antioxidant defense systems, however, these reactive oxygen species may be destructive and can lead to various pathological conditions. Methods: Benzophenone esters and sulfonates (1-18) were synthesized through one pot synthesis by reacting 4-hydroxy benzophenone either different benzoyl chloride or sulfonyl chloride. These synthetic compounds were evaluated for their in vitro immunosuppressive potential on two parameters of innate immune response including inhibition of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). ROS were induced in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) isolated from human whole blood by serum opsonized zymosan stimulation, whereas NO were produced in J774.2 cells by lipopolysachharides (LPS) stimulation. Moreover, cytotoxicity of compounds was also determined using NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells (ATCC, Manassas, USA) was evaluated by using the standard MTT colorimetric assay. Results: All compounds inhibited the production of ROS at various extent among which compounds 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 13 and 16 were found to be the potent inhibitors of ROS with IC50 values ranging between (1.0 - 2.2 µg/mL) as compared to ibuprofen (IC50 = 2.5 ± 0.6 µg/mL) as the standard drug. Compounds 2, 7, 11, 13, 14 and 18 showed good inhibition of NO production with % inhibition values ranging between (63.6% - 76.7%) at concentration of 25 µg/mL as compared to NG-monomethyl-Larginine (L-NMMA 65.6 ± 1.1 µg/mL) as the standard. All other derivatives showed moderate to low level of inhibition on both tested parameters. Cytotoxicity activity also showed nontoxicity of synthetic compounds. Structures of all the synthetic compounds were confirmed through 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, EI-MS and HREI-MS spectroscopic techniques. Conclusion: Compounds 2 and 13 were found to be good dual antiinflammatory (ROS and NO) agent. However, compounds 5, 6, 8, 10 and 16 were found to be selectively active for ROS inhibitory studies. Compounds 7, 11, 14 and 18 were discriminatory active at NO inhibition assay. These initial findings of antiinflammatory activity concluded that these compounds might have the potential to develop a novel non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), non-acidic antiinflammatory agent. Most active compounds 2, 5-8, 10, 13, 14 and 16 showed nontoxicity of synthetic compounds.

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