Additive Manufactured Waveguide for E-Band Using Ceramic Materials

Ceramic materials are chemical- and temperature-resistant and, therefore, enable novel application fields ranging from automotive to aerospace. With this in mind, this contribution focuses on developing an additive manufacturing approach for 3D-printed waveguides made of ceramic materials. In particular, a special design approach for ceramic waveguides, which introduces non-radiating slots into the waveguides sidewalls, and a customized metallization process, are presented. The developed process allows for using conventional stereolithographic desktop-grade 3D-printers. The proposed approach has, therefore, benefits such as low-cost fabrication, moderate handling effort and independence of the concrete waveguide geometry. The performance of a manufactured ceramic WR12 waveguide is compared to a commercial waveguide and a conventionally printed counterpart. For that reason, relevant properties, such as surface roughness and waveguide geometry, are characterized. Parsing the electrical measurements, the ceramic waveguide specimen features an attenuation coefficient of 30–60 dB/m within the E-Band. The measured attenuation coefficient is 200% and 300% higher compared to the epoxy resin and the commercial waveguide and is attributed to the increased surface roughness of the ceramic substrate.

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A Case Study in 3D Printed Porous Ceramics: Infant Incubator Humidification System

ASME/ISCIE 2012 International Symposium on Flexible Automation ◽

10.1115/isfa2012-7114 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Olaf Diegel ◽

Andrew Withell ◽

Deon Debeer ◽

Mark Wu

Keyword(s):

Material Properties ◽

Low Cost ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Porous Ceramics ◽

Burn Out ◽

Infant Incubator ◽

3D Printers ◽

3D Printed ◽

Factorial Design Experiment

This paper describes research in adapting 3D printers to operate with low-cost ceramic materials. The components produced with these clay-based ceramic powders can be fired to produce strong, complex and lightweight ceramic parts. The final material properties, including the porosity of the parts, can be controlled through the part design and, potentially, through additives to the material that burn out during firing. The paper begins with a brief description of the 3D printing process and how it can be used with clay powders. It then introduces a factorial design experiment initiated to explore the effect of ingredient and parameter variations on the dimensional stability and material properties of green and fired ceramic parts. It then presents a case study in which 3D printed ceramic parts are used in the humidification system for an infant incubator for developing countries.

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Flexible 3D Printed Molds for Educational Use. Digital Fabrication of 3D Typography

International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) ◽

10.3991/ijoe.v15i13.11155 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (13) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alejandro Bonnet De León ◽

Jose Luis Saorin ◽

Jorge De la Torre-Cantero ◽

Cecile Meier ◽

María Cabrera-Pardo

Keyword(s):

3D Modeling ◽

Low Cost ◽

Digital Fabrication ◽

3D Printer ◽

School Environments ◽

Flexible Material ◽

Educational Environments ◽

3D Printers ◽

3D Printed ◽

The Subject

<p class="0abstract"><span lang="EN-US">One of the drawbacks of using 3D printers in educational environments is that the creation time of each piece is high and therefore it is difficult to manufacture at least one piece for each student. This aspect is important so that each student can feel part of the manufacturing process. To achieve this, 3D printers can be used, not to make pieces, but to make the molds that students use to create replicas. On the other hand, for a mold to be used to make several pieces, it is convenient to make it with flexible material. However, most used material for 3D printers (PLA) is very rigid. To solve this problem, this article designs a methodology that allows the use of low-cost 3D printers (most common in school environments) with flexible material so that each mold can be used to manufacture parts for several students. To print flexible material with low-cost printers, it is necessary to adapt the machine and the print parameters to work properly. This article analyzes the changes to be made with a low cost 3D printer and validates the use of molds in school environments. A pilot test has been carried out with 8 students of the subject of Typography, in the School of Art and Superior of Design of Tenerife. During the activity, the students carried out the process of designing a typography and creating digital molds for 3D printing with flexible material. The designs were made using free 3D modeling programs and low-cost technologies.</span></p>

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Study the precision of fixed partial dentures of Co-Cr alloys cast over 3D printed prototypes

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.0610 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (90) ◽

pp. 25-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ts. Dikova ◽

Dzh. Dzhendov ◽

Iv. Katreva ◽

Ts. Tonchev

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Layer Thickness ◽

Dimensional Accuracy ◽

Average Roughness ◽

Dental Clinics ◽

Primary Model ◽

3D Printers ◽

3D Printed ◽

The Right ◽

Printed Patterns

Purpose: of this paper is to investigate the accuracy of Co-Cr dental bridges, manufactured using 3D printed cast patterns. Design/methodology/approach: Four-unit dental bridges are fabricated from the alloys i-Alloy and Biosil-f by lost-wax process. The polymeric cast patterns are 3D printed with different layer’s thickness (13 μm, 35 μm and 50 μm). Two 3D printers are used: stereolithographic “Rapidshape D30” and ink-jet “Solidscape 66+”. The geometrical and fitting accuracy as well as the surface roughness are investigated. Findings: It is established that Co-Cr bridges, casted from 3D printed patterns with 50 μm layer thickness, characterize with the largest dimensions – 3.30%-9.14% larger than those of the base model. Decreasing the layer thickness leads to dimensional reduction. The dimensions of the bridges, casted on patterns with 13 μm layer thickness, are 0.17%-2.86% smaller compared to the primary model. The average roughness deviation Ra of the surface of Co-Cr bridges, manufactured using 3D printed patterns, is 3-4 times higher in comparison to the bridge-base model. The greater the layer thickness of the patterns, the higher Ra of the bridges. The silicone replica test shows 0.1-0.2 mm irregular gap between the bridge retainers and abutments of the cast patterns and Co-Cr bridges. Research limitations/implications: Highly precise prosthetic constructions, casted from 3D printed patterns, can be produced only if the specific features of the 3D printed objects are taken in consideration. Practical implications: Present research has shown that the lower the thickness of the printed layer of cast patterns, the higher the dimensional accuracy and the lower the surface roughness. Originality/value: The findings in this study will help specialist in dental clinics and laboratories to choose the right equipment and optimal technological regimes for production of cast patterns with high accuracy and low surface roughness for casting of precise dental constructions.

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On the development of low cost, optimizable, 3D printed turbine flow meters for pipe and open channel applications

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-21929 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adrian Butler ◽

Tom Rowan ◽

Alex Colyer

Keyword(s):

Open Channel ◽

Lower Cost ◽

Low Cost ◽

Flow Meters ◽

Skill Sets ◽

Know How ◽

3D Printers ◽

3D Printed ◽

Further Development ◽

Turbine Flow Meter

<div> <p>The work sets out a method and evaluates the accuracy of a 3D printed turbine flow meter for open channel and pipe flow; that can be optimised for different situations.&#160;&#160;The motivation for this project was to create flow meters that are low cost and available to community groups and interested individuals, this work was conducted as part of the CAMELLIA project (Community Water Management for a Liveable London).&#160;&#160;The flowmeters have been trialled in a number of locations by users with different skill sets and technical know-how.&#160;&#160;Hall effect sensors have been coupled with consumer grade electronics to develop the most opensource system possible.&#160;&#160;This work has taken advantage of recent advances in DLP printing, allowing for greater resolution at a lower cost than previous generations of 3D printers.&#160;&#160;This is combined with work developed by the Open Prop software team, has enabled user customisable sensors to be built.&#160;&#160;</p> </div><div> <p>The presented&#160;work&#160;aims&#160;to create an&#160;opensource, low cost and easy to use solution to&#160;some&#160;flow&#160;monitoring&#160;problems.&#160;&#160;This paper details the lessons learnt and successes of this approach; it&#160;aims to create a basis for which further development and deployment of these sensors can be achieved.&#160;&#160;</p> </div>

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3D Printed Ceramics for Tableware, Artists/Designers and Specialist Applications

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.608.351 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 608 ◽

pp. 351-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David Huson ◽

Stephen Hoskins

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Body ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

The West ◽

Novel Technique ◽

Internal Structures ◽

Short Run ◽

3D Printers ◽

3D Printed ◽

The University ◽

Forming Methods

The Centre for Fine Print Research at the University of the West of England has over five years experience in the 3D printing of ceramic materials. The first project undertaken was to investigate the use of 3D technologies for artists and resulted in the development of a patented ceramic body suitable for use in Z Corporation 3D printers. After bisque firing this material can be further processed using conventional glazing and decorating techniques. A follow on project has resulted in a modified ceramic body and the development of firing supports to enable thin section ceramic tableware to be produced for ceramic industry concept modelling and short run or one-off pieces for artists and designers. This paper will detail the progress of the research and will explain by using case studies and examples of collaboration with a leading UK pottery manufacturer, individual artists and designers how this novel technique can be utilised to form shapes and forms difficult or impossible to realise by conventional forming methods. The potential of how the ability to form ceramic objects with complex internal structures could be beneficial to more specialist ceramics industries will also be explored.

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Anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors for control of additive manufacturing machines

tm - Technisches Messen ◽

10.1515/teme-2019-0016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (10) ◽

pp. 609-618

Author(s):

Benedikt Hampel ◽

Marco Tollkühn ◽

Meinhard Schilling

Keyword(s):

Additive Manufacturing ◽

Low Cost ◽

Magnetic Sensors ◽

Car Industry ◽

Dimensional Measurements ◽

3D Printers ◽

3D Printed ◽

Rotational Motions ◽

Contact Position

AbstractMagnetic sensors are employed for dimensional measurements by detection of sensor motion relative to a small magnet. This is widely used everywhere in industrial automation, car industry and in many home appliances. The use of magnetic sensors in machines for additive manufacturing improves control and long term reliability by non contact position measurements. Magnetic sensors with linearized characteristic based on the anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect can replace mechanical switches, while specialized AMR angle sensors are preferred for the measurement of rotational motions. Both are easy to use and can be integrated with help of 3D printed holders at low cost. In this work, appropriate sensors are selected, integrated and discussed regarding magnetic disturbance signals apparent in low-cost 3D printers.

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THE CASE FOR BROAD-RANGE OUTCOME ASSESSMENT ACROSS UPPER LIMB DEVICE CLASSES

Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal ◽

10.33137/cpoj.v1i1.29970 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Goeran Fiedler ◽

Saiph Savage ◽

Jon Schull ◽

Jennifer Mankoff

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Outcome Assessment ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Low Cost ◽

Young Patients ◽

Health Care Economics ◽

Prosthetic Devices ◽

Professional Health ◽

3D Printers ◽

3D Printed

The emergence of 3D-printed upper limb prosthetic devices a couple of years ago, spearheaded substantially by the e-NABLE community (1, 2), has triggered a variety of reactions, ranging from euphoric press coverage predicting a new age of low-cost universally obtainable prosthetic solutions to anxious reluctance by clinicians fearing the demise of high-quality professional health care provision (3, 4). The circumstance that untrained volunteers produce e-NABLE devices on their hobby-grade 3D-printers (5) was both hailed as a revolutionary paradigm shift suited to address a host of current challenges in health care economics, and derided as inappropriate intrusion into long-standing training and certification standards of a well-regulated profession. That many of the early generation e-NABLE devices targeted young patients with partial hand amputation (6) was interpreted by proponents as finally offering this neglected population long-desired solutions, whereas skeptics felt that many of the recipients of such devices would traditionally have been deemed to have a residual functional enough to be a contra-indication for a prosthesis (7).Article PDF file: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/29970/22869 How to cite: Fiedler G, Savage S, Schull J, Mankoff J. The Case For Broad-Range Outcome Assessment Across Upper Limb Device Classes. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. Volume1, Issue1, No4, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i1.29970

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A low cost 3D-printed robot joint torque sensor

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201819711006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 197 ◽

pp. 11006 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Indrazno Siradjuddin ◽

Rendi Pambudi Wicaksono ◽

Anggit Murdani ◽

Denda Dewatama ◽

Ferdian Ronilaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Joint Torque ◽

High Price ◽

Robot Arm ◽

Torque Sensor ◽

Technological Advances ◽

3D Printers ◽

Joint Torque Sensor ◽

3D Printed ◽

Low Costs

Technological advances allow researchers to develop advanced arm robots and can safely work side by side with humans Therefore, a robot arm controller can be designed in such way that the robot arm can move along the desired trajectories and act upon external influences, in this last case, the torque sensor plays an important rule. Currently torque sensors are available in the market has a high price. In this work, an inexpensive robot joint torque sensor is presented. Most parts of this sensor are made using 3D printers. While the other components are easily can be found in the market and with a relatively low-costs. The development of this sensor is intended to facilitate the prototyping of the robot arm for educational and research purposes. The basic idea of the sensor mechanism is to convert torque into a force absorbed by a spring. Then, the encoder senses the direction and the value of the input torque. This torque sensor can be easily too customized. Thus this sensor can be tailored to the needs by replacing some parts such as encoder and spring. The mechanism of this sensor can also be adjusted with the actuator to be paired. Experiments have been conducted to verify the accuracy and the performance of the proposed torque sensor.

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From tissue to silicon to plastic: three-dimensional printing in comparative anatomy and physiology

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.150643 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 150643 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Henrik Lauridsen ◽

Kasper Hansen ◽

Mathias Ørum Nørgård ◽

Tobias Wang ◽

Michael Pedersen

Keyword(s):

Comparative Anatomy ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Three Dimensional Printing ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

3D Space ◽

3D Printers ◽

3D Printed ◽

Written Descriptions ◽

Animal Anatomy

Comparative anatomy and physiology are disciplines related to structures and mechanisms in three-dimensional (3D) space. For the past centuries, scientific reports in these fields have relied on written descriptions and two-dimensional (2D) illustrations, but in recent years 3D virtual modelling has entered the scene. However, comprehending complex anatomical structures is hampered by reproduction on flat inherently 2D screens. One way to circumvent this problem is in the production of 3D-printed scale models. We have applied computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to produce digital models of animal anatomy well suited to be printed on low-cost 3D printers. In this communication, we report how to apply such technology in comparative anatomy and physiology to aid discovery, description, comprehension and communication, and we seek to inspire fellow researchers in these fields to embrace this emerging technology.

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3D-Printed Composite Bone Bricks For Large Bone Tissue Applications

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202031801009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 318 ◽

pp. 01009

Author(s):

Evangelos Daskalakis ◽

Fengyuan Liu ◽

Anil A. Acar ◽

Edera-Elena Dinea ◽

Glen Cooper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Ceramic Composite ◽

Manufacturing System ◽

Low Cost ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Porous Structures ◽

3D Printed ◽

Large Bone

This study investigates the use of low cost, customizable, biodegradable, polymer-ceramic composite porous structures (bone bricks) for large bone tissue regeneration. Different ceramic materials (hydroxyapatite (HA), β-tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) and Bioglass (45S5) were mixed with poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). Bone bricks with different material compositions were produced using an extrusion-based additive manufacturing system. Produced bone bricks were morphologically and mechanically assessed. Results allowed to establish a correlation between scaffolds architecture and material composition and scaffolds performance. Reinforced scaffolds showed improved mechanical properties. Best mechanical properties were obtained with PCL/TCP bone bricks and topologies based on 38 double zig zag filaments and 14 spirals.

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