The Effectiveness of the Implementation of PjBL Learning Models With a Scientific Approach to Interests and Learning Outcomes in Animal Anatomy and Physiology Materials

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Model with a Scientific Approach to Interests and Learning Outcomes in Animal Anatomy and Physiology Materials. This research is an experimental study, with a nonequivalent control group design. The population in this study were Biology Education Students, FKIP UNIMUDA Sorong, amounting to 178 people. The sample of this research is the students of Semester V A totaling 21 people as the Experiment class and Semester V B totaling 20 people as the control class. The research instrument used was the lecturer and student activity sheet. Questionnaire of interest in learning and multiple-choice test questions. Results The data obtained in this study were then tested for normality and homogeneity as a prerequisite test for testing the hypothesis. Hypothesis-testing used independent sample t-test and n-gain. The results showed that student learning outcomes using a project-based learning model with a scientific approach the average value of learning outcomes of 79.50 increased by 43.10% with learning completeness reaching 88.77% (Effective), compared to classes that did not receive treatment. (control class) the average value of learning outcomes is only 63.39, an increase of 28.62% with learning completeness only 42.21% (Not Effective). Based on the results of data analysis using the t-test, it is known that (1) there is an effect of the Project-Based Learning learning model with a scientific approach on student interest in learning with a value of t-count (4,308) > t-table (1,685) at a significance level of 5%. (2) there is an effect of the Project-Based Learning learning model with a scientific approach on student learning outcomes with a value of t-count (3,574) > t-table (1,685) at a significance level of 5%.

Computed tomography examination of the os cordis in a lamb (Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758)

Objective. The present paper aims to investigate the role of computed tomography as an imaging technique of diagnosis in the identification of the os cordis in ovine, and also how this anatomical structure is morphotopographically characterized in macro and microscopic contexts, seeking to contribute for its functional understanding. Materials and method. The heart of a young male ovine had been donated to the Laboratory of Animal Anatomy of the Surgery Department of the FMVZ/USP, first being subject to a post-mortem examination by means of the cardiac “shedding” (transverse cross sectioning of the heart). A tomographic examination of the anatomic specimen was carried out, as well as the dissection and histological analysis of the collected sample. Results. The results indicate the presence of an osseous structure of 6.39 mm in length, located in the aortic valve of the heart, next to a ring comprised by three valve flaps, tendinous cords, and papillary muscles. The histological findings consist of fibrous connective tissue, cancellous bone tissue, and calcified hyaline cartilage wherein the cardiomyocytes are attached. Conclusions. It is concluded that computed tomography, even though seldom applied to animals of zootechnical interest, poses as an effective tool for the visualization of the os cordis in lambs.

Optical Clearing and Light Sheet Microscopy Imaging of Amphioxus

Cephalochordates (amphioxi or lancelets) are representatives of the most basally divergent group of the chordate phylum. Studies of amphioxus development and anatomy hence provide a key insight into vertebrate evolution. More widespread use of amphioxus in the evo–devo field would be greatly facilitated by expanding the methodological toolbox available in this model system. For example, evo–devo research on amphioxus requires deep understanding of animal anatomy. Although conventional confocal microscopy can visualize transparent amphioxus embryos and early larvae, the imaging of later developmental stages is problematic because of the size and opaqueness of the animal. Here, we show that light sheet microscopy combined with tissue clearing methods enables exploration of large amphioxus specimens while keeping the surface and the internal structures intact. We took advantage of the phenomenon of autofluorescence of amphioxus larva to highlight anatomical details. In order to investigate molecular markers at the single-cell level, we performed antibody-based immunodetection of melanopsin and acetylated-α-tubulin to label rhabdomeric photoreceptors and the neuronal scaffold. Our approach that combines light sheet microscopy with the clearing protocol, autofluorescence properties of amphioxus, and antibody immunodetection allows visualizing anatomical structures and even individual cells in the 3D space of the entire animal body.

3D printing of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic canine skulls and mandibles: a complement to traditional osteotechnique

This paper aimed at reporting the creation of brachycephalic and dolichocephalic 3D synthetic anatomical models of canine heads (3D SAMCH) as a complementary technique to traditional osteotechnique using Computed Tomography (CT) images in volumetric reconstruction. The study was carried out in three stages, namely: a) preparation of canine heads in natura; b) creation of digital files of canine heads using CT; and c) 3D printing of synthetic anatomical models of canine heads. As a result, two 3D SAMCH were produced due to rarer availability in Animal Anatomy laboratories collections; the important representation of the cribriform plate was possible, but a remarkable defect presented was the teeth. It concluded that the digital files creation through CT scanner allows a fine representation of canine heads if considered pros and cons regarding the use of synthetic models instead of natural bones.

MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE GENERAL COVER IN SHORT-HAIRED FELINE BREEDS

The aim of the research is characterization of the skin change of the feline family, depending on the breed charac-teristics of the animals. Clarification of relations, breed-specific features of skin of representatives of the felines fam-ily in order to establish the predominant for the development of dermatotropic pathologies is one of the urgent tasks of clinical morphology and dermatology. The general regularities and breed features of the skin cover of short-haired cat were established, taking into account its regional anatomical and physiological features. The inverse relationship between the epidermis thickness and the density of the hair cover of the studied animals was revealed, regardless of the breed identity. A specific glomerate collagen morphology of dermis was found typical for all cats of short-haired breeds. The research was carried out at the Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology named after Professor A. F. Klimov, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology after Scriabin, MBA. The object of the study involved 27 individuals of short-haired cats of reproductive age (2-5 years), including Siamese (n=5), Russian blue (n=5), Burmese (n=6), British short-haired (n=7), Bengal (n=4). The research material is the skin. A comprehensive methodological approach was used, including anatomical dissection, light microscopy of histologi-cal sections, micro-morphometry, and statistical analysis of the obtained digital data. The results obtained are the basic for assessing the morphological and functional skin state and identifying morphological changes that occur in the conditions of skin damage repair.

Morphoquantitative evaluation of the heart of cutia (Dasyprocta agouti) and capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)

ABSTRACT The cutia (Dasyprocta agouti) and capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris ) are hystricomorphic rodents of the Brazilian fauna. The wild animal anatomy is essential to the clinic and surgery practices and conservation programs. This work aimed to evaluate the heart quantitative morphology of the cutia and the capybara. For this, three hearts of cutia and three of capybaras were used from the collection of the Anatomy Sector of Domestic and Wild Animals of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo. The hearts were weighted and measured with a pachymeter. The left ventricle volume was estimated through the Cavalieri method. The hearts’ mean weight was 16.76g (cutias) and 104.2g (capybaras). The mean values for the axis, width and base dimensions were of the cutia 4.3cm, 3.3cm and 3.3cm and for the capybara were 7.6cm, 6.0cm and 6.1cm, respectively. The mean volume of the left ventricle of the cutia and the capybara was 5.03cm3 and 54.55cm3, respectively. The quantitative results of the hearts were compatible with the average body weight of the rodents. Thus, these numerical data can be applied to veterinary cardiology.

Architectonics of the arterial system of the ruminant stomach of edilbaev sheep in age aspect

Sheep farming is one of the leading agricul-tural industries in the Russian Federation. A modern veterinarian needs to know the functional principles of all organs and sys-tems of the animal body to understand the etiology and build cause-and-effect relation-ships of the occurrence of certain non-infectious diseases. Most of these diseases occur in the digestive tract (stomach, intes-tines). The purpose of this study is to study in detail the age-related patterns of blood supply of the stomachs of edilbaev sheep. The basis for the research at the Department of animal anatomy of the Saint Petersburg state university of veterinary medicine was post mortem material from animals slaugh-tered at a farm in the Leningrad region. Three age groups were formed. The first group included newborn animals. The sec-ond group included young animals of five to six months. The third group consisted of sheep from one year and older. The age of the animals was determined according to the data obtained from monitor cards. Dur-ing the study, a set of anatomical methods was used, including: fine anatomical dissec-tion, vaso-rentgenography, and photo- graphing. Based on our research, we first established the architectonics of the arterial system of the stomachs of edilbaev sheep in the age aspect. These features have common anatomical patterns of the course and branching of blood vessels, typical to rumi-nants. However, the edilbaev sheep breed is characterized by breed features of skeletal and vascular syntopia , determined by their genetic predisposition. The main arterial line of the multicameral stomach of edilbaev sheep is the ventral artery, which in the course of its topography is divided into additional incoming vessels for all the pre-ventricules and the true stomach. The main morphometric parameters of vascular diameter reach their maximum values by the age of one year and older, while the most intensive increase in the caliber of arterial vessels of the multicameral stomach is typical for the age period from the newborn period to five to seven months.