scholarly journals Frequency-Domain Filtered-x LMS Algorithms for Active Noise Control: A Review and New Insights

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feiran Yang ◽  
Yin Cao ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Felix Albu ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Adaptive Filters ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Active Noise Control ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Active Noise ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Signal Path

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the frequency-domain filtered-x least mean-square (FxLMS) algorithms for active noise control (ANC). The direct use of frequency-domain adaptive filters for ANC results in two kinds of delays, i.e., delay in the signal path and delay in the weight adaptation. The effects of the two kinds of delays on the convergence behavior and stability of the adaptive algorithms are analyzed in this paper. The first delay can violate the so-called causality constraint, which is a major concern for broadband ANC, and the second delay can reduce the upper bound of the step size. The modified filter-x scheme has been employed to remove the delay in the weight adaptation, and several delayless filtering approaches have been presented to remove the delay in the signal path. However, state-of-the-art frequency-domain FxLMS algorithms only remove one kind of delay, and some of these algorithms have a very high peak complexity and hence are impractical for real-time systems. This paper thus proposes a new delayless frequency-domain ANC algorithm that completely removes the two kinds of delays and has a low complexity. The performance advantages and limitations of each algorithm are discussed based on an extensive evaluation, and the complexities are evaluated in terms of both the peak and average complexities.

scholarly journals Multirate Audio-Integrated Feedback Active Noise Control Systems Using Decimated-Band Adaptive Filters for Reducing Narrowband Noises

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6693
Author(s):  
Antonius Siswanto ◽  
Cheng-Yuan Chang ◽  
Sen M. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Adaptive Filters ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Active Noise Control ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Real Time System ◽  
Active Noise ◽  
Feedback Active Noise Control

Audio-integrated feedback active noise control (AFANC) systems deliver wideband audio signals and cancel low frequency narrowband noises simultaneously. The conventional AFANC system uses single-rate processing with fullband adaptive active noise control (ANC) filter for generating anti-noise signal and fullband audio cancelation filter for audio-interference cancelation. The conventional system requires a high sampling rate for audio processing. Thus, the fullband adaptive filters require long filter lengths, resulting in high computational complexity and impracticality in real-time system. This paper proposes a multirate AFANC system using decimated-band adaptive filters (DAFs) to decrease the required filter lengths. The decimated-band adaptive ANC filter is updated by the proposed decimated filtered-X least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm, and the decimated-band audio cancelation filter can be obtained by the proposed on-line and off-line decimated secondary-path modeling algorithms. The computational complexity can be decreased significantly in the proposed AFANC system with good enough noise reduction and fast convergence speed, which were verified in the analysis and computer simulations. The proposed AFANC system was implemented for an active headrest system, and the real-time performances were tested in real-time experiments.

scholarly journals A Dual Adaptive Filter Spike-Based Hardware Architecture for Implementation of a New Active Noise Control Structure

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1945
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pichardo ◽  
Ángel Vázquez ◽  
Esteban R. Anides ◽  
Juan C. Sánchez ◽  
Hector Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Filter ◽  
Adaptive Filters ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Active Noise Control ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Active Noise

Presently, the technology development trend of active noise control (ANC) systems is focused on implementing advanced adaptive filters in resource-constrained electronic appliances. Recently, several authors have proved that the use of two adaptive filter algorithms significantly improves the overall adaptive filter performance. However, the computational cost of these approaches is significantly increased since they use two filters simultaneously. Consequently, these filters cannot be implemented in these devices. To solve this problem, we propose a new ANC structure with switching selection based on filtered-x normalized least mean square (FxNLMS) and filtered-x sign least mean square (FxSLMS) algorithms to reduce the computational cost of the ANC system. The improvement of this factor has allowed us to introduce for the first time an advanced spike-based architecture, which can perform dual filter operations using dynamic routing, to be used in real ANC applications. The results have demonstrated that the computational cost of the proposed dual D-FxNLMS/SLMS algorithm is lower compared with previously reported solutions.

Implementation of Single and Multiple Adaptive Step-Size Algorithm to ANC

2007 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesim Sabah ◽  
Masaaki Okuma ◽  
Minoru Okubo
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Active Noise Control ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Least Mean Square ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Adaptive Step Size ◽  
Active Noise ◽  
Adaptive Step ◽  
State Error

The purpose of this paper is to investigate a modified adaptive step-size algorithm and implement an active noise control (ANC) system. It is well known that there is a tradeoff between steady state error and convergence rate depending on the step size. This study shows that the new algorithm can track changes in the dynamic characteristics of the ANC system as well as produce a low steady state error. Simulation results are presented to compare the performance of the new algorithm to the basic least mean square (LMS) algorithm. Although there have been several studies of adaptive step-size algorithms, no quantitative analysis has yet been reported for real time active noise control application as far as the authors know. Experimental results are presented for a duct system. The results indicate that the new algorithm provides better performance than the fixed step-size filtered-X least mean square (FXLMS) algorithm.

scholarly journals Modified Filtered-X Hierarchical LMS Algorithm with Sequential Partial Updates for Active Noise Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Pedro Ramos Lorente ◽  
Raúl Martín Ferrer ◽  
Fernando Arranz Martínez ◽  
Guillermo Palacios-Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Convergence Rate ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Active Noise Control ◽  
Adaptive Strategy ◽  
Lms Algorithm ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Periodic Disturbances ◽  
Active Noise ◽  
Dependent Parameter

In the field of active noise control (ANC), a popular method is the modified filtered-x LMS algorithm. However, it has two drawbacks: its computational complexity higher than that of the conventional FxLMS, and its convergence rate that could still be improved. Therefore, we propose an adaptive strategy which aims at speeding up the convergence rate of an ANC system dealing with periodic disturbances. This algorithm consists in combining the organization of the filter weights in a hierarchy of subfilters of shorter length and their sequential partial updates (PU). Our contribution is threefold: (1) we provide the theoretical basis of the existence of a frequency-dependent parameter, called gain in step-size. (2) The theoretical upper bound of the step-size is compared with the limit obtained from simulations. (3) Additional experiments show that this strategy results in a fast algorithm with a computational complexity close to that of the conventional FxLMS.

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