scholarly journals A Geostationary Instrument Simulator for Aerosol Observing System Simulation Experiments

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Castellanos ◽  
Arlindo da Silva ◽  
Anton Darmenov ◽  
Virginie Buchard ◽  
Ravi Govindaraju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
System Simulation ◽  
Visible Spectral Range ◽  
Geostationary Orbit ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Time Resolved Measurements

In the near future, there will be several new instruments measuring atmospheric composition from geostationary orbit over North America, East Asia, and Europe. This constellation of satellites will provide high resolution, time resolved measurements of trace gases and aerosols for monitoring air quality and tracking pollution sources. This paper describes a detailed, fast, and accurate (less than 1.0% uncertainty) method for calculating synthetic top of the atmosphere (TOA) radiances from a global simulation with a mesoscale free running model, the GEOS-5 Nature Run, for remote sensing instruments in geostationary orbit that measure in the ultraviolet-visible spectral range (UV-Vis). Generating these synthetic observations is the first step of an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE), a framework for evaluating the impact of a new observation or algorithm. This paper provides details of the model sampling, aerosol and cloud optical properties, surface reflectance modeling, Rayleigh scattering calculations, and a discussion of the uncertainties of the simulated TOA radiance. An application for the simulated TOA radiance observations is demonstrated in the manuscript. Simulated TEMPO (Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution) and GOES-R (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites) observations were used to show how observations from the two instruments could be combined to facilitate aerosol type discrimination. The results demonstrate the viability of a detailed instrument simulator for radiance measurements in the UV-Vis that is capable of accurately simulating high resolution, time-resolved measurements with reasonable computational efficiency.

scholarly journals Joint inverse estimation of fossil fuel and biogenic CO2 fluxes in an urban environment: An observing system simulation experiment to assess the impact of multiple uncertainties

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wu ◽  
Thomas Lauvaux ◽  
Kenneth J. Davis ◽  
Aijun Deng ◽  
Israel Lopez Coto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
System Simulation ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Co2 Fluxes ◽  
The Impact

The Indianapolis Flux Experiment aims to utilize a variety of atmospheric measurements and a high-resolution inversion system to estimate the temporal and spatial variation of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions from an urban environment. We present a Bayesian inversion system solving for fossil fuel and biogenic CO2 fluxes over the city of Indianapolis, IN. Both components were described at 1 km resolution to represent point sources and fine-scale structures such as highways in the a priori fluxes. With a series of Observing System Simulation Experiments, we evaluate the sensitivity of inverse flux estimates to various measurement deployment strategies and errors. We also test the impacts of flux error structures, biogenic CO2 fluxes and atmospheric transport errors on estimating fossil fuel CO2 emissions and their uncertainties. The results indicate that high-accuracy and high-precision measurements produce significant improvement in fossil fuel CO2 flux estimates. Systematic measurement errors of 1 ppm produce significantly biased inverse solutions, degrading the accuracy of retrieved emissions by about 1 µmol m–2 s–1 compared to the spatially averaged anthropogenic CO2 emissions of 5 µmol m–2 s–1. The presence of biogenic CO2 fluxes (similar magnitude to the anthropogenic fluxes) limits our ability to correct for random and systematic emission errors. However, assimilating continuous fossil fuel CO2 measurements with 1 ppm random error in addition to total CO2 measurements can partially compensate for the interference from biogenic CO2 fluxes. Moreover, systematic and random flux errors can be further reduced by reducing model-data mismatch errors caused by atmospheric transport uncertainty. Finally, the precision of the inverse flux estimate is highly sensitive to the correlation length scale in the prior emission errors. This work suggests that improved fossil fuel CO2 measurement technology, and better understanding of both prior flux and atmospheric transport errors are essential to improve the accuracy and precision of high-resolution urban CO2 flux estimates.

Mapping cardiac-induced lung motion using high-resolution time-resolved phase-contrast synchrotron computed tomography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Fardin ◽  
Ludovic Broche ◽  
Goran Lovric ◽  
Anders Larsson ◽  
Alberto Bravin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Lung Motion

Probing Benzene in a New Way:  High-Resolution Time-resolved Rotational Spectroscopy†

2001 ◽  
Vol 105 (23) ◽  
pp. 5618-5621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Riehn ◽  
Andreas Weichert ◽  
Bernhard Brutschy
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Rotational Spectroscopy ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Time Resolved

scholarly journals OPTICAL AND ULTRAVIOLET STELLAR FLARE SPECTROSCOPY

1983 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
Simon P. Worden
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Stellar Flare ◽  
Dwarf Stars ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
International Ultraviolet Explorer ◽  
M Dwarf Stars ◽  
M Dwarf

As for solar flares, one of the most physically revealing types of data for M-dwarf flares are high-resolution, time-resolved spectra. Due to the intrinsically faint nature of the M-dwarf stars, spectroscopic data has tended to be of low spectral (˜ 5 Ǻ) and temporal (˜ 5 min) resolution. However, with the development of image intensified spectrographs and fast, efficient digital detectors, the last several years have seen the successful acquisition of both high time and spectral resolution M-dwarf flare spectra. Recent programs have also been successfully conducted using the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) satellite to obtain UV and EUV spectra of M-dwarf flares. These data reveal that dwarf M star flares are remarkably similar to solar flares in all aspects of their spectroscopic phenomenology.

High-resolution time-resolved contrast-enhanced 3D MRA by combining SENSE with keyhole and SLAM strategies

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijing Wu ◽  
K. Craig Goodrich ◽  
Henry R. Buswell ◽  
Gregory L. Katzman ◽  
Dennis L. Parker
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Contrast Enhanced
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